河南省GlobeLand30数据精度评价及对比分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01563

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球地表覆盖数据在气候变化研究、地理国情监测、生态环境保护等方面发挥着重要作用,2014年中国国家基础地理信息中心推出了全球最高30 m分辨率的地表覆盖遥感制图数据产品GlobeLand30。本文以2010年1:10万中国土地利用数据为参考,采用空间统计、面积一致性以及误差矩阵等分析方法,对河南省GlobeLand30、GlobCover2009、MCD12Q1数据进行精度评价和对比分析研究,结果表明：① 3种地表覆盖数据对河南省土地构成的描述基本一致,即以耕地、林地为主,草地、水体和人造地表为辅,但分类土地面积存在大小不同的差异;② GlobeLand30的总体精度和Kappa系数最高,MCD12Q1次之,GlobCover2009最低。3种数据中耕地和林地的精度均较高,草地的精度较差,GlobeLand30中水体和人造地表的生产者精度远高于其他2种数据,使用者精度相差不大;③ 地表覆盖数据与参考数据在空间上存在类型混淆情况,混淆主要发生于林地、草地、水体、人造地表与耕地之间,GlobeLand30的混淆程度要低于其他2种数据。

关键词: 地表覆盖, GlobeLand30, 误差矩阵, 精度评估, 对比分析

Abstract:

Global land cover data plays an important role in climate change research, geographical conditions monitoring and ecological environment protection. It' s of great significance to produce and evaluate the global land cover data at a specific spatial scale. In 2014, the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC) produced GlobeLand30 of the remote sensing mapping product with the world’s highest 30 m resolution. In this paper, the 1:100 000 land use data of Henan Province was used as the reference data to validate global land cover data of GlobeLand30, GlobCover2001 and MCD12Q1. The accuracy assessment and comparative analysis of these data were conducted with three methods, including spatial statistics, area relevance and consistency, and confusion matrix. The results show that the three land cover products have a good consistency for description of land forms with the reference data, and the area relevance is higher than 0.9. Cropland and forestland are the main land cover types, followed by grassland, water body and artificial surface, but the classified land has different area in these products. By evaluating accuracy of the three land cover products, the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of GlobeLand30 are the highest, followed by MCD12Q1 and those of GlobCover2009 are the lowest. In terms of specific land type, although cropland and forestland have high precision in these products, the accuracy of grassland classification is poor. The producer accuracy of water body and artificial surface in GlobeLand30 is much higher than the other two products, but the difference of the user accuracy is small. The three land cover products show the spatial confusion especially in forestland, grassland and cropland with the reference data. The confusion degree of GlobeLand30 is lower than the other two kinds of data. This paper illustrates that GlobeLand30 has higher accuracy than other products and it will play a more and more important role in many fields. Not only can the methods and conclusions in this paper pave the way for further research in other areas, but also they can have great significance on promoting the application and value of GlobeLand30. Moreover, because of the spatial resolution of GlobeLand30 is much higher than other land cover products, the use of GlobeLand30 for further application and research is the focus in the next step. In addition, there are a lot of remote sensing images, vector data, and other multi-source data and how to improve the quality of the global land cover data is one of the problems that should be considered.

Key words: land cover, GlobeLand30, error matrix, accuracy assessment, comparative analysis

马京振, 孙群, 肖强, 温伯威. 河南省GlobeLand30数据精度评价及对比分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(11): 1563-1572.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01563

MA Jingzhen,SUN Qun,XIAO Qiang,WEN Bowei. Accuracy Assessment and Comparative Analysis of GlobeLand30 Dataset in Henan Province[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(11): 1563-1572.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01563

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产品名称	制作单位	卫星影像	时相/年	分类方法	分类数量	分辨率/m
GlobeLand30	国家基础地理信息中心	Landsat TM5、ETM+、HJ-1	2000、2010	像元-对象-知识（POK方法）	10	30
GlobCover	欧洲空间局	MERIS	2005、2009	神经网络分类	22	300
MCD12Q1	美国波士顿大学	Terra/MODIS	2001-2015	决策树分类	17	500

统一分类	2010年土地利用数据	GlobeLand30	GlobCover2009	MCD12Q1
1耕地	11水田、12旱地	10耕地	11水田、14旱地、20耕地与植被镶嵌体	12耕地
2林地	21有林地、22灌木地、23疏林地、24其他林地	20森林、 40灌木地	30自然植被与耕地镶嵌体、40常绿阔叶或半落叶阔叶林、50常绿阔叶林、60落叶阔叶林、70常绿针叶林、90常绿针叶或落叶针叶林、100针阔混交林、110林地/灌木/草地镶嵌、130灌木	1常绿针叶林、2常绿阔叶林、3落叶针叶林、4落叶阔叶林、5混交林、6稠密灌丛、7稀疏灌丛、14自然植被/耕地镶嵌体
3草地	31高覆盖度草地、32中覆盖度草地、33低覆盖度草地	30草地	120草地/森林/灌木镶嵌、140草地	8木本热带稀树草原、9热带稀树草原、10草地
4水体	41河渠、42湖泊、43水库坑塘、45滩涂、46滩地、64沼泽	50湿地、 60水体	160被水淹没的阔叶林、170永久被水淹没的阔叶林或灌木、180被水淹没的草地、210水体	0水体、11永久湿地
5人造地表	51城镇用地、52农村居民点、53其他建设用地	80人造地表	190人工地表或附属区域	13城市和建筑区
6其他	61沙地、62戈壁、63盐碱地、65裸土地、66裸岩石质地、67其他、44永久性冰川雪地	70苔原、90裸地、100冰川和永久积雪	150稀疏植被（<15%）、200裸地、220冰川和永久积雪	15冰川和积雪、16裸地或稀疏植被

土地类型	土地利用数据	GlobeLand30			GlobCover2009			MCD12Q1
土地类型	面积/km²	面积/km²		误差系数C/(%)		面积/km²	误差系数C/(%)	面积/km²	误差系数C/(%)
耕地	107 202.08	108 484.06	1.20		140 166.68	30.75		131 406.38	22.58
林地	27 382.47	32 618.58	19.12		18 636.51	31.94		24 364.52	11.02
草地	8952.73	4755.97	46.88		2162.03	75.85		4257.22	52.45
水体	4061.01	2147.33	47.12		1204.70	70.33		487.58	87.99
人造地表	19 390.31	18 917.68	2.44		4741.39	75.55		6396.34	67.01
其他	11.41	76.38	-		88.68	-		87.96	-

地表覆盖数据	OA/(%)	AD/(%)	QD/(%)	Kappa系数
GlobeLand30	81.51	14.50	3.99	0.6550
GlobCover2009	70.66	9.56	19.78	0.3306
MCD12Q1	75.08	10.34	14.58	0.4640