青藏高原月NDVI时空动态变化及其对气候变化的 响应

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180458

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the spatial pattern and dynamic processes of vegetation changes and their causes is one of the key topics in research on global change of terrestrial ecosystems. Characterized by vulnerable alpine vegetation, which is sensitive to external disturbance, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the ideal areas for studying the response of vegetation to climate change. It is necessary to investigate the impacts of climate change on vegetation in a short synthetic period because of the intense climate variations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Previous studies have not sufficiently investigated NDVI change comparisons between various periods and the persistence of NDVI trends. In this study, we investigated monthly vegetation dynamics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relationships with climatic factors over 15 progressive periods of 18-32 years starting in 1982. This was accomplished by using the updated Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) third generation global satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset and climate data. The NDVI time-synthesis method of each season masks the trends of NDVI variations within the single month. Except for August, vegetation increased in other six months, with a significant increase occurring in April-July and September. The increase rate of NDVI in most months decreased significantly with the extension of the period, indicating that the increasing trend of NDVI slowed down. At pixel scale, the regions with significant changes (including both increase and decrease) in NDVI showed increasing trends in most months, but the range of significant decreases in NDVI expanded faster than that of significant increases. Vegetation activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are generally controlled by temperature changes, but the dominant climatic factors affecting vegetation are varied in different months and regions. The vegetation activities in April and July were mainly promoted by temperature and sunshine hours, and those in June and September were controlled by temperature, and in August were mainly affected by precipitation. The emergence of long time series NDVI data sets provides a precondition for application of nested time series to study the trend analysis of vegetation growth and change. The persistence of the trend of vegetation activity may help to visualize the process of vegetation change, understand the vegetation response to climate change, and to predict thevegetation growth trend. It is inferred that the increases of NDVI in the future tend to be more moderate in general, but areas with significant pixel-scale changes in NDVI tend to increase in most months.

Key words: NDVI, monthly scale, spatiotemporal changes, climate influences, trends in nested periods, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Hailiang ZHENG, Shifeng FANG, Chengcheng LIU, Jinhua WU, Jiaqiang DU. Dynamics of Monthly Vegetation Activity and Its Responses to Climate Change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(2): 201-214.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180458

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Area proportions of significant increase and decrease in monthly NDVI （%）"

时段	4月			5月			6月			7月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	80.00	0.23	11.92	84.73	0.21	22.10	75.40	0.73	13.41	72.69	1.47	13.51
1982-2000	74.04	0.32	7.43	83.74	0.24	20.74	85.08	0.32	18.97	79.02	0.65	16.83
1982-2001	74.36	0.33	7.66	81.69	0.33	19.47	83.49	0.31	14.44	76.60	0.77	17.30
1982-2002	70.25	0.75	8.35	81.40	0.45	22.32	85.24	0.32	16.87	74.76	0.85	16.21
1982-2003	67.18	1.51	8.69	78.46	0.90	23.08	80.42	0.52	12.74	71.71	1.15	14.47
1982-2004	68.92	1.88	11.20	75.34	1.29	23.49	75.60	0.94	10.58	67.68	1.78	13.44
1982-2005	62.47	3.13	9.12	73.36	2.06	24.09	75.06	1.06	10.31	61.95	2.41	8.65
1982-2006	58.80	5.14	10.03	71.49	2.74	23.91	74.27	1.30	10.53	63.87	2.28	9.74
1982-2007	57.09	6.70	11.08	71.11	3.50	25.68	73.74	1.48	9.69	60.25	2.55	7.58
1982-2008	54.65	8.31	11.25	67.59	5.17	24.23	74.63	1.68	10.82	59.82	2.89	8.72
1982-2009	61.08	5.91	14.46	62.63	7.30	18.91	73.99	1.67	10.97	60.17	3.30	8.60
1982-2010	62.48	5.93	15.73	58.88	9.96	18.37	68.17	2.83	10.43	61.72	2.06	8.14
1982-2011	63.21	6.22	16.94	53.42	13.45	16.17	69.76	3.00	13.15	65.47	2.34	10.36
1982-2012	63.06	6.67	17.72	50.26	15.98	15.63	63.17	4.70	11.67	58.19	3.96	8.98
时段	8月			9月			10月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	54.84	1.99	4.38	62.30	1.14	3.23	53.69	1.42	2.64
1982-2000	58.95	2.00	6.66	61.75	1.08	3.08	55.68	1.28	2.76
1982-2001	57.73	2.30	7.44	61.78	1.04	3.77	63.73	0.67	4.43
1982-2002	57.00	2.52	7.94	56.92	1.68	3.22	60.21	1.09	5.54
1982-2003	51.82	4.13	6.26	53.89	2.06	3.03	59.05	1.51	5.58
1982-2004	48.56	5.71	6.26	57.78	2.09	4.86	53.21	2.77	6.01
1982-2005	44.81	7.74	6.22	63.67	2.02	8.44	55.55	3.32	7.75
1982-2006	42.97	7.47	4.72	61.09	2.13	7.14	52.29	4.34	7.94
1982-2007	40.32	8.42	3.57	61.94	2.22	8.94	53.45	4.82	7.47
1982-2008	36.19	11.62	3.26	56.55	3.14	6.59	53.29	5.87	7.94
1982-2009	42.19	8.47	4.43	59.13	3.23	8.60	52.79	6.06	8.07
1982-2010	48.30	5.66	6.20	67.96	2.11	13.02	59.82	4.17	12.45
1982-2011	56.42	4.31	9.53	71.46	2.02	16.65	61.36	4.32	13.37
1982-2012	57.46	4.85	12.15	72.84	2.11	19.01	60.90	5.18	15.68

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 3

Tab. 6

Area proportions of different correlations between monthly NDVI and temperature （%）"

时段	4月			5月			6月			7月
时段	增加 P	显著减少 SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	81.57	0.21	16.93	80.63	0.21	15.47	70.80	1.01	9.21	63.03	0.87	3.49
1982-2000	82.51	0.28	17.02	79.84	0.24	16.14	76.06	0.57	10.57	67.37	0.85	6.15
1982-2001	82.63	0.23	16.93	78.92	0.19	14.53	75.56	0.51	11.14	66.50	0.87	4.55
1982-2002	80.85	0.22	15.78	73.31	0.57	11.09	77.20	0.54	13.12	65.86	0.87	4.63
1982-2003	79.83	0.22	15.55	72.92	0.66	11.55	78.30	0.30	14.44	66.36	0.83	4.61
1982-2004	80.59	0.27	17.22	74.01	0.52	11.75	78.35	0.30	15.74	68.10	0.65	5.30
1982-2005	79.68	0.33	16.72	74.14	0.52	11.95	78.08	0.31	16.59	61.77	1.06	3.97
1982-2006	80.07	0.30	16.82	74.08	0.53	12.03	78.68	0.35	16.59	64.82	0.53	4.58
1982-2007	77.13	0.40	17.10	75.77	0.44	11.92	78.63	0.34	16.90	62.89	0.63	4.50
1982-2008	75.19	0.47	17.24	73.77	0.65	11.19	78.82	0.37	17.22	63.04	0.68	4.56
1982-2009	79.92	0.48	22.42	74.39	0.39	10.94	78.16	0.50	17.64	62.65	1.10	5.47
1982-2010	79.18	0.64	23.80	71.96	0.42	10.67	75.42	0.74	17.27	64.41	2.14	9.08
1982-2011	79.61	0.65	24.34	69.55	0.42	9.62	76.04	0.63	17.90	65.29	1.81	9.12
1982-2012	80.01	0.64	24.33	65.61	0.73	8.49	73.34	1.22	17.04	62.34	2.09	8.05
时段	8月			9月			10月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	52.11	1.83	2.05	68.81	1.50	4.59	68.24	1.39	12.28
1982-2000	47.84	3.03	1.84	67.84	1.44	4.72	69.08	1.36	13.16
1982-2001	48.96	2.65	1.92	67.13	1.63	5.63	73.23	1.20	14.48
1982-2002	49.20	3.03	1.92	67.76	1.34	5.73	73.22	1.35	14.64
1982-2003	41.42	4.59	1.28	66.07	1.43	5.61	72.33	1.51	14.84
1982-2004	39.64	5.11	1.32	66.96	1.50	6.92	72.87	1.55	15.27
1982-2005	35.71	6.48	1.18	71.94	1.49	10.93	72.85	1.64	15.13
1982-2006	35.46	7.11	1.32	70.49	1.61	10.28	73.45	1.63	15.65
1982-2007	32.91	8.70	1.27	70.45	1.75	11.10	73.09	1.26	15.18
1982-2008	34.86	7.76	1.29	68.57	1.85	9.60	73.28	1.49	14.92
1982-2009	37.41	6.71	1.45	70.62	1.76	11.36	72.71	1.50	14.86
1982-2010	48.72	5.66	2.87	75.79	1.42	14.93	75.29	1.40	16.19
1982-2011	50.40	4.53	3.30	77.59	1.22	17.60	75.55	1.43	16.29
1982-2012	52.01	3.85	4.10	78.04	1.28	18.05	74.66	1.40	14.39

Tab. 6

Tab.7

Area proportions of different correlations between monthly NDVI and precipitation （%）"

时段	4月			5月			6月			7月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	24.19	11.74	0.54	39.58	5.33	3.58	40.81	2.74	1.21	34.30	6.83	1.03
1982-2000	21.64	13.88	0.43	42.68	5.22	4.98	49.20	1.78	2.35	32.90	7.06	1.06
1982-2001	23.02	12.87	0.43	46.21	4.68	5.91	50.29	1.83	3.34	34.21	5.97	1.08
1982-2002	22.88	11.75	0.52	46.07	4.75	5.67	50.84	1.76	3.44	34.08	6.03	1.03
1982-2003	23.57	11.86	0.54	46.52	4.96	5.97	48.79	2.44	3.46	33.74	6.37	1.04
1982-2004	22.92	11.13	0.42	46.62	5.29	5.86	47.90	3.00	3.38	32.99	6.56	0.92
1982-2005	22.02	11.96	0.44	46.30	5.54	5.96	47.42	3.47	3.60	32.99	6.42	0.92
1982-2006	21.76	13.75	0.46	45.70	6.35	6.29	47.73	3.11	3.47	31.52	6.89	0.82
1982-2007	24.93	12.18	0.71	46.28	6.19	5.78	46.95	3.48	3.46	30.33	7.18	0.69
1982-2008	26.36	11.86	0.86	45.61	7.89	5.99	47.52	3.45	4.71	29.96	7.59	0.62
1982-2009	23.24	13.38	0.65	40.08	11.24	5.37	46.92	3.66	4.39	30.60	7.44	0.59
1982-2010	21.50	15.63	0.71	39.56	11.36	5.49	47.82	3.44	5.57	28.63	7.36	0.47
1982-2011	21.46	15.62	0.72	37.91	11.75	5.39	49.62	3.55	5.03	29.88	7.19	0.56
1982-2012	20.34	15.65	0.61	38.30	11.02	4.93	48.51	4.32	5.54	27.05	10.02	0.54
时段	8月			9月			10月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	32.93	10.85	1.42	33.87	4.47	0.65	24.01	18.48	0.64
1982-2000	33.50	10.91	1.49	34.50	4.50	0.75	23.44	19.20	0.59
1982-2001	32.97	11.03	1.39	33.75	5.14	0.77	22.47	19.76	0.49
1982-2002	33.42	10.45	1.53	32.32	5.51	0.72	22.06	19.60	0.47
1982-2003	27.59	11.72	1.09	31.81	5.78	0.69	21.87	20.08	0.40
1982-2004	27.29	11.72	1.16	30.38	6.43	0.61	22.42	20.37	0.39
1982-2005	26.91	12.60	1.21	29.07	7.51	0.67	23.85	18.99	0.42
1982-2006	27.39	13.22	1.26	29.85	7.45	0.73	23.97	18.08	0.41
1982-2007	26.13	13.84	1.26	30.46	7.26	0.77	22.69	18.65	0.44
1982-2008	25.04	15.61	1.23	29.12	6.64	0.56	25.50	18.11	0.47
1982-2009	27.45	14.78	1.36	26.32	9.18	0.53	23.75	18.18	0.43
1982-2010	28.80	14.46	1.33	29.58	7.06	0.74	23.59	17.79	0.37
1982-2011	26.48	15.81	1.04	32.98	6.71	0.82	22.45	17.88	0.34
1982-2012	25.87	16.18	1.06	27.83	7.30	0.55	19.92	18.97	0.19

Tab.7

Tab. 8

Area proportions of different correlations between monthly NDVI and sunshine hours （%）"

时段	4月			5月			6月			7月
时段	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	82.39	0.11	11.84	72.23	0.84	7.16	66.96	0.71	9.05	69.98	0.89	7.86
1982-2000	83.05	0.12	13.31	70.58	0.84	6.59	62.97	0.79	7.71	67.55	1.70	8.05
1982-2001	79.67	0.18	12.25	68.07	1.26	6.61	62.87	1.12	8.34	65.86	1.72	7.22
1982-2002	81.12	0.22	13.46	67.44	1.13	6.33	62.70	1.19	8.91	66.08	1.75	7.23
1982-2003	81.73	0.20	14.29	66.67	1.20	6.34	64.12	1.24	10.22	66.34	1.82	7.53
1982-2004	82.90	0.18	14.58	67.50	1.15	6.64	64.63	1.45	11.68	66.71	1.53	7.56
1982-2005	83.09	0.18	15.61	67.74	1.17	6.97	64.34	1.49	11.96	67.67	1.38	7.66
1982-2006	83.27	0.17	15.80	68.67	1.20	6.68	64.13	1.41	11.65	68.91	1.34	8.52
1982-2007	81.88	0.22	14.93	68.13	1.10	6.68	64.51	1.46	12.14	69.74	1.26	9.03
1982-2008	81.41	0.24	15.12	67.83	1.03	7.50	65.57	2.12	12.19	69.78	1.36	9.62
1982-2009	85.49	0.18	18.29	73.51	0.84	10.55	65.22	2.23	11.95	68.68	1.49	10.02
1982-2010	85.46	0.19	19.69	73.79	0.83	10.80	64.94	2.53	12.14	70.93	1.15	10.57
1982-2011	85.99	0.18	19.77	74.30	0.68	10.67	64.51	2.59	12.49	69.28	1.26	10.13
1982-2012	87.14	0.16	21.09	72.31	0.71	9.49	65.18	2.78	14.37	71.44	1.14	12.32
	8月			9月			10月
	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP	增加 P	显著减少SN	显著增加SP
1982-1999	67.69	1.45	11.45	69.02	0.34	5.25	85.97	0.45	19.93
1982-2000	66.81	3.07	12.67	68.50	0.39	5.81	86.35	0.45	20.63
1982-2001	66.79	3.15	12.62	68.41	0.41	5.87	87.71	0.38	21.39
1982-2002	66.06	3.11	12.55	71.35	0.36	7.09	87.75	0.36	21.95
1982-2003	70.06	2.84	14.28	72.31	0.33	7.70	87.78	0.33	22.19
1982-2004	71.06	2.91	14.80	73.52	0.30	7.86	88.58	0.32	23.08
1982-2005	71.83	3.00	16.14	75.24	0.30	9.56	87.34	0.27	21.08
1982-2006	71.87	3.02	17.31	74.89	0.32	9.44	87.62	0.27	22.17
1982-2007	73.17	2.87	18.17	74.91	0.33	10.07	87.88	0.25	23.52
1982-2008	74.99	2.37	20.52	76.38	0.30	10.26	87.30	0.26	23.87
1982-2009	74.05	2.19	19.36	77.74	0.29	12.13	88.13	0.23	24.39
1982-2010	74.16	1.93	19.41	75.44	0.30	10.99	87.34	0.26	23.09
1982-2011	75.82	1.34	20.41	74.67	0.31	11.70	87.59	0.25	23.11
1982-2012	74.83	1.33	20.62	78.10	0.24	12.62	88.57	0.18	23.47

Tab. 8

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时段	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
1982-1999	-0.56*	0.08	-0.25	-0.56*	-0.77**	-0.22	-0.16
1982-2000	-0.61**	0.07	-0.10	-0.57*	-0.75**	-0.23	-0.17
1982-2001	-0.60**	0.06	-0.12	-0.58**	-0.74**	-0.23	-0.19
1982-2002	-0.56**	0.10	-0.11	-0.57**	-0.75**	-0.22	-0.19
1982-2003	-0.57**	0.09	-0.18	-0.57**	-0.76**	-0.25	-0.18
1982-2004	-0.51*	0.06	-0.22	-0.59**	-0.74**	-0.32	-0.18
1982-2005	-0.51*	0.06	-0.24	-0.58**	-0.76**	-0.36	-0.13
1982-2006	-0.49*	0.08	-0.24	-0.60**	-0.75**	-0.35	-0.13
1982-2007	-0.48*	0.10	-0.23	-0.62**	-0.75**	-0.33	-0.13
1982-2008	-0.48*	0.08	-0.22	-0.60**	-0.74**	-0.32	-0.09
1982-2009	-0.51**	0.09	-0.24	-0.60**	-0.69**	-0.38*	-0.09
1982-2010	-0.50**	0.06	-0.23	-0.60**	-0.59**	-0.30	-0.07
1982-2011	-0.50**	0.03	-0.20	-0.57**	-0.62**	-0.26	-0.08
1982-2012	-0.49**	0.07	-0.22	-0.62**	-0.62**	-0.27	-0.06

Dynamics of Monthly Vegetation Activity and Its Responses to Climate Change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
1982-1999	14.51**	13.72*	17.96*	13.37*	-1.15	6.32	0.51
1982-2000	9.96*	11.37*	20.68*	15.37*	-0.89	4.61	0.77
1982-2001	7.96	9.52*	16.36*	14.18**	-0.45	3.59	5.05
1982-2002	8.30*	9.42*	17.25*	12.31*	0.37	1.87	4.54
1982-2003	8.10*	7.83*	12.32	10.11*	-1.55	0.42	3.35
1982-2004	8.78*	6.18	8.18	7.50	-2.61	2.43	3.02
1982-2005	6.41	5.84	8.50	4.40	-4.70	5.24	3.61
1982-2006	6.18	5.55	7.53	5.23	-4.08	4.47	3.13
1982-2007	6.44*	5.69*	6.79	3.33	-4.33	5.29	2.71
1982-2008	5.64*	4.71	6.44	3.37	-6.38	3.38	3.02
1982-2009	6.71*	4.45	6.43	3.16	-4.27	4.33	2.45
1982-2010	6.00*	3.77	4.75	3.77	-2.17	6.14	3.98
1982-2011	5.42*	2.53	5.44	4.08	0.53	6.72*	3.82
1982-2012	4.78*	1.52	2.82	1.74	0.96	6.41*	2.94

时段	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月
1982-1999	0.55**	0.40	0.36	0.38	0.08	0.46	0.32
1982-2000	0.56**	0.39	0.40	0.48*	0.07	0.46*	0.32
1982-2001	0.56**	0.39	0.41	0.47*	0.08	0.41	0.38
1982-2002	0.58**	0.29	0.44*	0.46*	0.10	0.41	0.38
1982-2003	0.59**	0.30	0.47*	0.45*	-0.07	0.35	0.33
1982-2004	0.62**	0.28	0.48*	0.47*	-0.12	0.39	0.32
1982-2005	0.58**	0.27	0.49*	0.33	-0.24	0.49*	0.33
1982-2006	0.58**	0.27	0.48*	0.38	-0.20	0.47*	0.33
1982-2007	0.60**	0.31	0.48*	0.36	-0.24	0.49*	0.30
1982-2008	0.58**	0.27	0.48*	0.37	-0.16	0.43*	0.29
1982-2009	0.64**	0.28	0.48**	0.35	-0.11	0.48*	0.27
1982-2010	0.63**	0.26	0.45*	0.39*	0.03	0.52**	0.29
1982-2011	0.63**	0.22	0.46*	0.39*	0.07	0.54**	0.29
1982-2012	0.63**	0.16	0.36*	0.29	0.09	0.54**	0.30

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