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  • 2003 Volume 5 Issue 1
    Published: 25 March 2003
      

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  • ARTICLES
    LIU Shuren, MU Guichun, DIAO Chengtai
    2003, 5(1): 1-4.
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    After the completion of the Three-Gorges reservoir,a series of changes in fluvial processes of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the reservoir will inevitably occur, causing changes in Yangtze River bed. Firstly, river mouth bars and subaqueous deltas will be formed because of the elevated base level of the tributaries at river mouths where the tributaries flow into the reservoir and its downstream area. Secondly,swing and deformation of the riverbed will occur in the upper reaches near the reservoir and banks along the reservoir when the reservoir begins to store water. Thirdly, riverbed scouring and channel deformation will happen at the downstream of the reservoir because of unmixed water flows when the reservoir sluices, which will influence seriously Wuhan city and Jinjiang, the reach of Yangtze River from Yichang city to Wuhan city.These processes in Hubei province and Chongqing municipality should be studied and calculated as soon as possible so that the countermeasures can be made promptly.
  • ARTICLES
    GUOZhongyang, LIN Hui, JIANG Jixi, HUANG Qian, FANG Zhaobao,
    2003, 5(1): 5-10.
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    In this paper, we automatically trace the movement routes of MCSs over the Tibetan Plateau using GMS infrared black body temperature (Tbb) in summer of 1998, while the MCSs are classified according to their move direction.Based on this, the relationships of eastward-moving MCSs features over the Tibetan Plateau and its environment physical field values are obtained using decision tree technique. Results indicated that in 400hPa, when the gravity center location of MCSs is near 100°E, the south east ward moving MCSs that has moved out of the Plateau is only related to the height and temperature over this constant pressure surface;the northeast ward moving MCSs is only related to the height and potential pseudo equivalent temperature; further more, the eastward-moving MCSs that has already moved out of the Plateau mainly depends on four physical values of constant pressure surface height, divergent, vortex and the potential pseudo-equivalent temperature. While in 500hPa, the northeast ward movement of MCSs are mainly influenced by K index and water vapor flux divergent when they lie west to the 104°E, however, to the eastward or southeastward moving MCSs, they are influenced by more factors in this layer.
  • ARTICLES
    LU Zhongzheng, QIU Shaopeng, GAO Huijun
    2003, 5(1): 11-15.
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    This paper mainly focused on general evaluation of ecological environmental quality in the upstream and headwater areas of Yellow River by means of RS and GIS technology. It determined information acquiring method of 13 evaluating factors including plant coverage, land desertification, soil and water loss, and caloulated ratio value and weight of these factors.It also focused on foundation of assessing models, partition of assessing class, and classified the upstream and headwater areas of Yellow River into four ecological subregions such as Datong Mountain-Laji Mountain scrubby grassland ecological subregion, Gonghe basin grassland-desert ecological subregion etc. Analyzed main environmental problems in each subregion, and generally evaluated environmental quality of subregions as well as the whole region for comparison. The results indicated that the environmental quality of the region shows a vertical distribution law and the primary factor affecting water and soil loss, plant degradation,quick expansion of desert areas in headwaters of the Yellow River is the irrational economic activities of human being.
  • ARTICLES
    PENG Yongan, ZHU Tong
    2003, 5(1): 16-21.
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    The outlet of water body of Dianchi Lake is located in the southern area, but the main pollution load is in the northern area. The flow of Dianchi Lake is always rush from North to South. Because of the slow lake flow, over 90% of the pollutants in the waste water deposit on the bottom of Dianchi Lake.Hence there are mainly two factors causing the pollution in Dianchi Lake. One is the slow lake flow, the other is the intruding of the polluted water. There are two ways to deal with the pollution situation. One is to speed up the lake flow,the other is to stop the polluted water from intruding to the southern lake.In light with the situation that the northern lake polluted the southern lake of the Dianchi,the new solution identified is to change the original outlet of Dianchi Lake by digging up a new canal and putting Dianchi Lake flow backwards to the north. By so doing, the main pollution load can be closed to the new outlet and kept away from the original one, part of the polluted water in Kunming city will not directly discharge into the Dianchi Lake. Even if the polluted water discharged into the Dianchi Lake, it is possible to let it rapidly flow out of the northern Dianchi Lake.In a word, the elevated potential of high water pressure can effectively prevent the southward intrusion of pollution load from northern part, offering a basic solution to the pollution problems of the Dianchi Lake.
  • ARTICLES
    LIAO Ke, ZHENG Daxian, CHEN Wenhui, SHA Jinming
    2003, 5(1): 22-27.
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    sThis article is composed of four parts. It systematically describes the importance of the ecological environment dynamic monitoring and management information system, the goal of building the system, the principles and detailed contents of the system, the technical design and implementation method, and the significance and function of the system after it is developed. "Ecological Environmental Dynamic Monitoring and Management Information System in Fujian Province" is one of the major application projects in Digital Fujian. The project consists of three parts,i.e.,ecological environmental dynamic monitoring, ecological environment database, and ecological environmental decision support and management information system,which cover eight detailed portions, namely, Fujian ecological environmental remote sensing dynamic monitoring system, ground dynamic monitoring system, emergency response monitoring system, Fujian Provincial ecological environmental comprehensive serial maps, multi-media dynamic display system and electronic atlas, comprehensive information Geo-information Tupu, Fujian Provincial ecological environmental database, and decision support management information system.
  • ARTICLES
    MI Hong
    2003, 5(1): 28-33.
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    Urban Population Geo Information System(UPGIS), a product in the wave of computer technology since the 1990s, is one of the most advanced applied information technologies in the world.Based on database system and combination of population information with geographic imformation, UPGIS is a kind of dimension- distributional management information system, being concise,distinct and visualized.So far,UPGIS has been widely adopted by some developed countries.In order to meet the need of future achievements in Qingdao, Qingdao Statistical Bureau, Population Resource Environment and Geographic Information System Research Center of Xiamen University and Xiamen KingMap Information Technology Ltd.,jointly developed the Qingdao Urban Population Geo Information System(Qingdao UPGIS) Population.Applied current computer technology, especially GIS technology, and based on data of the Fifth National Census of Qingdao, this system covers statistics, demograph,geography,administrative management and up-to-date research results at home and abroad.All macro statistics since 1978,such as population, industry,agriculture,tertiary industry,transportation, science and technology,education,tourism and foreign trade,which have been archived,analyzed and organized in good order according to the standard of Five Geographic Districts, have been integrated into different scales of electronic maps.Qingdao UPGIS,which consists of composite and intersectional analysis of all related demographic and geographic marco-and micro- factors is not only characterized by statistical and topographical accuracy,but also can be used as computer management and decision-assistant information system favorable for predicting and evaluating all social activities.Through this GIS, the operators could:·acquire information such as the number, composition, quality and distribution of population in any district;·print out various demographic lists,graphics and longevity lists of any administrative districts superior to villages and towns;·predict future transformation of any demographic index and forecast the change of sex radio, infant mortality and aging problem.All data and results of this UPGIS are reasonable, so the analysis offers reliable data for decision-making of municipal government and social activity participants. Integration of information of population and geography,as well as application of mathematical-statistic and data-digging method,increase the flexibility and practicalization of this UPGIS. For instance,data of number, structure and distribution of BASIC UNITS in any district, plus the Five Geographic Districts could contribute to Qingdao information system of BASIC UNITS CENSUS.Therefore, UPGIS is appropriate for all fields, education, insurance, sanitation, police,real estate and business and so on. All sub-systems stemming from this UPGIS could promote the development of economy and society.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Chunbo, LI Qi, CHENG Jicheng
    2003, 5(1): 34-38.
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    The integration and interoperation of distributed inhomogeneity GIS system is the direction of GIS development. Based on the research of WMS(Web Map Service),WFS(Web Feature Service) and GML, this paper presented a new XML-RPC based distributed computing model of internet-GIS. The Model is composed of three tiers, the diverse geo-processing or geo-processing-enabled client, the GIS distributed computing mid-ware and the geo-processing server. XML-RPC is used to carry out the communication between geo-processing client and geo-processing server by GIS distributed computing mid-ware. Login,Logout,GetCapability,GetMap,GetFtrInfo,GetSelFtrs,GetThemMap and GetStatMap are defined as the basic GIS computing command in XML. GML 2.0 is used to present the geo-spatial data and geo-processing result. The geo-processing sever may implement the XML-RPC interface directly, such as Web Map Server, or use a adapter to encapsulate the geo-processing service. The geo-processing client uses these basic commands and their combination to call the geo-processing service. The geo-processing sever executes geo-processing using its own geo-spatial data,application model and computing resources. Then the geo-processing client receives the geo-processing results as image stream and/or feature stream encoded in GML 2.0 and thus integrate the distributed inhomogeneity geo-processing server systems.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Wenyu, SHAO Quanqin, XUE Yunchuan, ZHANG Tianyu
    2003, 5(1): 39-44.
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    Using SST and chlorophyll-a data derived from remote sensing images and statistical production data collected from fishery companies from 1995~2001, the relationship between fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartrami in Northwest Pacific Ocean(35°N~45°N,140°E~170°W)and its marine environmental factors was analyzed. The results indicate that the Ommastrephes bartrami is distributed west-eastwards extensively, while spatially isolated due to the effect of sea conditions. Especially from 140°E to 160°E, the spatial patterns of fishery, SST range and averaged chlorophyll-a have a good relationship, and a reasonable explanation is given. With the help of GIS, the function of spatial analysis is extended to quantitatively construct the relationships between Ommastrephes bartrami resources, sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration grades,which provide a more delicated analysis between the spatial distribution of squid fishery and the environmental factors. And we find the environmental factors, especially the sea grades have an important impact on the Ommastrephes bartrami distribution. But its output and sea grades in the specific area are not related simply in quantity, and their spatial patterns are contiguous, not overlapped exactly. Further research on the mechanism of Ommastrephes bartrami fishing ground should be carried out to collect more information on deeper water such as temperature, salinity and chlorophyll.
  • ARTICLES
    WU Qunyong, WANG Qinmin, XIAO Guirong
    2003, 5(1): 45-48.
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    Marine exploitation and protection has become a nowaday global hotspot. How to exploit and protect marine resources is an important topic for the future socio-economic sustainable development. Marine functional zoning is an important move to realize marine resources and socio-economic sustainable development. Marine functional zoning management information system (MFZMIS) using geographic information system and remote sensing is an effective mean to these problems. MFZMIS is an integrated system based on components, with the support of geographic information system, which takes marine functional zoning data, geographic data and remote sensing data as geographic entity object and integrates knowledge, analysis, decision making and services. MFZMIS is made up of two parts, one is spatial data management information system based on Client/Server, which has spatial data management, query, statistics and decision-making function, and the other is geographic information sharing system based on Browse/Server having data browsing, information query and data download function from the web browse. With the construction of MFZMIS, a feasible solution to spatial data management and information integrated Client/Server and Browse/Server sharing is brought out from application point of view. MFZMIS is an important part of Digital Ocean and will be included into the whole framework of Digital Ocean. It affords data sources and application demonstration system for Digital Ocean.In this paper, the whole framework, function, database design and implementation of MFZMIS and system integration are discussed by taking marine functional zoning management information system of Fujian province as an example.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Yingbiao, QIAN Qinglan
    2003, 5(1): 49-53,119.
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    With the improvement of urbanization level, a large amount of residential communities have appeared in cities and community intelligent management system has been introduced to residential communities. But there is few research cases on application of spatial information management system to manage spatial data,information query and location analysis in building digital community. The article mainly uses GIS and spatial database technology and Web GIS method by taking Huilongguan of Beijing city as an example to merge spatial information technology with traditional real estate management method so as to realize effective management and discusses the technical feasibility and major ways and method to realize the goal.By using spatial information technology it can realize spatial data management of digital community,location query analysis,virtual three dimension scene,attribution data management, etc. The authors designed reasonable technology route and research method and conceived spatial information as an important information resource that must integrate traditional real estate management method with application system, only for this it can play an important role in information system application.
  • ARTICLES
    LIAO Shunbao, CHEN Shenbin, XIE Gaodi
    2003, 5(1): 54-57.
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    The most significant characteristic of precision farming is to fully consider spatial difference of farmland and to take various management measures at different sites, such as variable fertilising and variable irrigating. The purpose of precision farming is to gain maximum financial income at the expense minimum environmental pollution. The data needed for paddy rice precision farming include GPS data, field spatial data, sampling data, meteorological data, yield data, data on paddy rice growth condition, and expert knowledge on paddy rice farming. And information system should be designed and developed to manage and process these data. The system consists of attribute data management subsystem, field spatial data management subsystem, expert knowledge subsystem, remote sensed data processing subsystem and management decision-making subsystem. The system is developed based on component GIS tools by programming with Visual Basic.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Jun, CHEN Xiangdong
    2003, 5(1): 58-61.
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    With GIS data processing, the historical records of county boundary, population distribution, farmland statistics and cultural phenomenon in Shaanxi Province during the Qing Dynasty were transformed into digital database which is composed of the GIS analysis platform for further study of the man-land relationship during historical period.For county level historical boundary, there are several guidance to follow, such as the records of major rivers, towns and residencial areas; the compilation of ancient maps; the watershed divide, etc. For the population distribution data, the number was linked to the county's name, and with the careful evaluation, the data on each county of Shaanxi province in the late Qing dynasty was credible for GIS processing.For the farmland records, the unit of mu(one mu equals to 1/15 ha) is a variance in different regions. While,there are only the raw records for processing, from which, reasonable analysis could be achieved with local geographical ideas.
  • ARTICLES
    FENG Kezhong, WAN Qing, LI Huiguo
    2003, 5(1): 62-66.
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    Only GIS fully integrates spatial analysis can it meet decision-making support requirements. Decision-making support is the soul of GIS software and the most important aim that should be achieved in the future.As traditional SA methods need GIS to provide spatial background to achieve more precise and detailed analysis, GIS and SA should work seamless in decision-making process.This paper reviews the evolution of the integration of GIS and spatial analysis in the past century, and points out the fact that although GIS technology is widely used yet it seems to incorporate only a portion of the tools found in spatial analysis. Spatial analysis can be accused of overly simplistic approaches that severely limit its practical utility. This paper suggests that discarding myopic views and meeting upon a common ground of increased knowledge of modern computing concepts and techniques, including object-orientation, can prove extremely fruitful to both sides.Meanwhile, this paper analyses the technical reasons that hindered the integration of GIS and SA. First, no unified spatial data access method makes SA models lack flexibility and hard to be deployed of GIS software; second, GIS technology has been very conservative and the work of researchers in spatial analysis has often been hampered by the myopic constraints imposed by the use of overly simple computational approaches.It is certainly time for us to make more efforts to the integration of GIS and SA.The adventure of component technology has made it more convenient than ever to do such a job. With this technology adopted, researchers in both GIS and spatial analysis fields can cooperate efficiently and easily benefit from each other's work. This paper gives an in-depth discussion of the impact of component technology on the integration of GIS and SA,and concludes that turning spatial analysis from application level to built-in function will be a future trend for GIS development, and component technology will provide successful solutions to enhance the integration and interaction between GIS and SA models, and thus finally contribute to the implementation of a fully integrated GIS and SA system.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHU Xiaohua, WANG Jian
    2003, 5(1): 67-72.
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    Mandelbrot enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper"How long is the coastline of Britain?"published on Science in 1967. The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper. The fractal theory has been applied to a wide variety of fields after it was produced. The use of fractal analysis to geographical research has increased (Mandelbrot,1967;Xu et al.,1993; Turcotte,1996;Nina et al.,1993;Andrle,1996;Gao et al.,1996;Zhu et al.,2000;Wilson,2001;Christensen et al.,2002),but large numbers of geographical phenomena still need to be studied,and many problems still remain unsolved. Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated by the box-counting method,the possible influence of series of square grids on them is ignored all the while. The issue is systematically discussed as a case study of China's continental mountains.Finally,some significant conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Although the fractal character objectively exists in China's continental mountains and doesn't vary with the changes of a series of square grids,the fractal dimensions of these mountains vary with these changes.(2)The fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains vary with the average length of sides of a series of square grids. The fractal dimensions of these mountains are the function of the average length of sides of square grids. They conform to the formula D=f(r) (where D is the fractal dimension,and r is the average length of side of square grid).(3)Different dots of data collection can affect the fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains.(4)The same range of length of side of square grid and dots of data collection can ensure the comparison of fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains,which is just the same as to the other fractal studies and can undoubtedly help to deepen the understanding of fractal and fractal dimensions.
  • ARTICLES
    YU Zhiwen, LIU Shen, KE Ruipeng
    2003, 5(1): 73-77.
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    The paper achieved the share of model through the technology of web and object modeling. It constructed the model base system based on web and object modeling technique, and described the whole architecture of the system and the design and function of each module. It considered model base system should consist of model dictionary, model registration system and model management system and model base. Model dictionary included model metadata and model information; model registration system decided who could use the model; model management system consisted of model using module, model generation module, model management module, model information publish module and model maintenance module. Especially, the process of composing complex model could divide an array of simple models though arithmetic:∷={};∷={}. On the basis of the above mentioned, the paper discussed the problem of integration of GIS and model base system. Finally, the paper demonstrated the example of model base in Information Management System of Water and Soil Conservation in Guangdong province. In the example, the tools used to build model base system included ARC GIS 8.1, ARC IMS, VB 6.0, ASP and DreamWeaver ultradev 4.0. Model base system in the example based on natural eroding model base and man-made eroding model base could do buffer analysis, overlap analysis, contrast analysis, the analysis of eroding development direction, the analysis of danger area and harmful analysis. The system took web as the object to receive information and publish the result, made the share of information possible. It took server as the place which did model analysis and model computing. Otherwise, the paper introduced the controller of Microsoft Script Control 1.0, achieved the generation of part of models.
  • ARTICLES
    XIONG Liya, ZOU Weijing
    2003, 5(1): 78-83.
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    To study the reciprocities and inter-effects between each factors of the ecosystem, analyze the correlations between human activities and eco-environment, construct ecosystem model, analyze and simulate ecosystem, and predict and evaluate ecosystem are the major guarantee and effective approach for improving the management of ecosystem, enhancing its productivity and reaching the goal of reasonable planning and utilizing eco-resources, and realizing the sustainable development.The study on sharing and applying the Denitrification-Decompositon Model has not only provided a new way for sharing data in network databases, but also supplied a solution to the multi-platform network information system of sharing software with inter-platform, better maintenance and high expansibility. Also it has provided an effective technical method for ecosystem research.The system is an internet network operational system based on the Browser/Server mode. It consists of two parts, that is, the client program and server program. The client program is a Java Applet that has been embedded in the HTML page and used mainly to complete the inter-actions between user and system. The server program is a Java Application and its major function is to complete model calculation. It was developed with Java and has good character of no-relation with platforms.Key technical problems and their solutions have been introduced concretely such as the development of Graphic User Interface, network communication of client/server, multi-threading control for the requests of multi-users, using JDBC for real time data extraction of the network database, file input/output of the host computer etc.A case study has been made using the monitoring data in Taoyuan county of Hunan province. According to calculation result and trend graphs, crop growth and their effects on environment have been analyzed. The research can provide evidence for guiding agricultural activities.
  • ARTICLES
    PENG Guojun, CHI Tianhe, TANG Liyu, SHU Yuqin
    2003, 5(1): 84-89.
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    As a multiplex system of man and nature, city is also a complex geographical entity with a high concentration of population, resources, environmental, social and economic elements. Digital City is an important application of Digital Earth. Constructing three-dimensional graphics in Digital City is one of the essential components of constructing Digital City. This thesis, starting from the aspect of technical application, synthesizes achievements in various scientific researches and briefly illustrates the technique of constructing three-dimensional graphics in Digital City. Furthermore,it puts forward some of the authors' own ideas.
  • ARTICLES
    DONG Shaochun, XU Shijin, LU Xiancai, HU Huan, ZHAO Lianze, ZHAO Ren
    2003, 5(1): 90-94.
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    The Metadata Standards of data in geo-information science have been created by many international organizations.But they only lay great stress on the public and common object.For the Geo-Object classes,which are important to the exchanging,searching and sharing web geo-information sources,have not been described in details.Therefore we need an essential metadata standard for integrating searching, exchanging, and sharing all sorts of web geo-information sources on the Internet. In this paper, considering the large amount of Geo-Object description in various sources, we present the GOMS Metadata description approach based on XML.It enables the possibility of the conversion from the specific format to the general machine-readable and machine-understandable metadata. GOMS and Extensible Markup Language annouced by W3C, standardize the Geo-Object resources description semantics and syntax on the Internet respectively, and offer an importance for the encoding exchange and reuse of Metadata.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHENG Jiang, LUO Jiancheng, CHEN Qiuxiao, CAI Shaohua, LU Xuejun, SHEN Zhanfeng, SUN Qinghui
    2003, 5(1): 95-102.
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    The intelligent remotely sensed image understanding is a topic of general interest on geo-analysis of Remote Sensing. This paper takes a brief review on the current intelligent methods and their shortcomings, points out the necessities of change to the multi-features unit method and how to merge knowledge in the process properly.Based on the discussion above, the fundamental ideas of the multi-feature analysis of remotely sensed images and knowledge-based neural network were introduced, and the whole framework of the this study is proposed.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Guihong, TANG Lingli, DAI Changda, JIANG Xiaoguang
    2003, 5(1): 103-108,2.
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    This paper takes Poyang Lake where the famous 98's catastrophic flood happened in 1998 as an example. With available data of a during-flood SAR image and one pre-flood TM image, an approach named TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) was used for registration, with better accuracy than other general methods. Then according to statistic analysis including interband correlation and entropy, etc. the selection of the optimal bands of TM was discussed. Finally, in order to monitor flood better and more quickly, various fusion approaches were applied and compared based on time-consuming operations. As a result, the pseudocolor composition of SAR, one near infrared TM band (TM5 or TM7) and one visible TM band (TM3 is optimal) is the best, which not only can make us easily identify flood extend area, soil area full of water content and non-flood area from each other, but also is simple and less time-consuming. It will meet the need of rapid response to flood.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Guangchao, QIU Shaopeng, LU Zhongzheng
    2003, 5(1): 109-112.
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    Investigation of ecological environment problem is the basis of programming ecological function protected areas. The article mainly introduced the method of using 1∶250 000 TM satellite remote sensing images to find out soil erosion types and intensity in Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi, and drew the conclusion that within the region with the drop of altitude waterpower erosion gradually increased while freeze erosion gradually weakened. The main factor influencing soil erosion is anthropogenic activities. Soil erosion areas in the region increase due to largely exploration and using of forest resources and soil erosion intensity increased because of increase of farmland and slope farmland areas. The work proved that using remote sensing technology combined with GIS technology is useful to investigate and analyse ecological environment problems in process of programming ecological function protected areas.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Peihong, LUO Wanqin
    2003, 5(1): 113-115.
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    Improving ecological environment of Yellow River could drive "Western Reform". Based on grade one branch of Yellow River such as Tuiwei River, Huangfuchuan River and Kuye River,this paper provides the way to dynamically manage water and soil conservation in the Yellow River by using 3S technology.