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  • 2006 Volume 8 Issue 3
    Published: 25 September 2006
      

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  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Ping
    2006, 8(3): 1-6.
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    Aiming at the urban management cases of Beijing Dongcheng District, this paper pointed out that lagged information transmission, inactive governmental response, ambiguous allocation of responsibilities among specialized government departments, inaccurate application of management approaches, absence of effective supervision and evaluation mechanism are the main problems in the former urban management practice. Based on 100×100 m2 management grids, with an integrated application of computer technology, network technology, GIS and mobile communication technology etc., we created a brand new urban management model, namely 100×100 m2 grid management model, which solved all the problems at one stroke and realized accurate, efficient, full-time and full-space urban management.
  • ARTICLES
    KONG Yunfeng, LIU Xinliang
    2006, 8(3): 7-11.
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    Based on the fact that the urban and regional geographic information development is quite uneven in China, this paper introduces an idea to measure the levels of geographic information development in urban areas using methods of questionnaire survey and case study. The authors discuss the natures and characteristics of geographic information from multiple perspectives, and present several development indicators such as professional and related organization, data investment and budget, data production and supply, data quality and standard, information infrastructure, related law, policy and regulation, application and benefit, and degree of data sharing. The related development degree index, questionnaire design, and case study design should consider these indicators carefully according to the research purpose. Finally, it is suggested that the government administrators and / or professional organizations should conduct a nationwide evaluation of urban geographic information development and formulate general strategies for China's long-term urban geographic information development and application.
  • ARTICLES
    SHI Weiwei, ZHONG Ershun, CAI Yangjun
    2006, 8(3): 12-16.
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    Temporal data management is very important to Digital Real Estate System(DRES),how to build a spatio-temporal data model is a key issue of DRES.This paper firstly analyzes the characteristic of temporal data and draws a conclusion that change of spatial information is much lower than that of attribute information. According to this, a new Spatio-temporal Data Model of DRES was constructed, which is named as ameliorated model with combination of sequential snapshot model and base state with amendments model. This model is easy to be implemented with less storage in information system. According to this spatio-temporal model with workflow cared, DB Trichotomy Method has been implemented in DRES. According to DB Trichotomy, Temporary DB, Formal DB and History DB are defined to store data in three states. The spatio-temporal data in this paper has been used in Hangzhou Digital Real Estate Information System.
  • ARTICLES
    WU Jianling, AN Kai, LIANG Jun
    2006, 8(3): 17-21.
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    The socio-economic information is defined as the database resources which reflect the regional economic development and status quo of society and are collected by government subdivisions in region or some administrative districts. The main contents consist of geography, natural resource information, census information, basic unit information and macro society information. The socio-economic information acts as an important reference to scientific decision-making and administration and serves as the important gists to get cognition of regional condition and to make decisions. It is very difficulty to organize, access and analyze a large volume of socio-economic data during constructing a socio-economic GIS. In the existing socio-economic GIS, the method of direct access database is widely used because of its good access speed. However, some problems appear in some systems such as: (1) some systems are less controllable and less flexible; and (2) unable to adapt to the chenges of structure or content of database. In this paper, the components and characters of socio-economic data are discussed. Also, a new method based on metadata to organize socio-economic data is presented. Finally, to support this method, a case study on socio-economic GIS of Qingshan district, Baotou city is provided.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHU Yunqiang, ZHANG Shusheng, XIAO Han
    2006, 8(3): 24-28.
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    Land resources are essential to human survival. To ascertain the actual situation of land resources and information of land change serves as a basis for overall planning of land use and macroscopic decision making on land resources. In order to raise the efficiency of land change survey, this paper designs a Land Change Survey System on Palm (LCSSP). Based on PDA, this system integrates GPS card, GSM and digital camera, which adopts real time differential process to improve positioning precision. Thus LCSSP becomes a pocket field land change survey system with high precision. Under Windows CE environment, functions of the system, such as land change survey, GPS data process, vector data edit and so on, are developed by using eVC (embedded visual c++ ) program language. LCSSP fundamentally solves some inherent problems including long cycle, low efficiency, and low precision in land change survey.
  • ARTICLES
    HUAN Zhaohua, LIU Qiang, TONG Ling
    2006, 8(3): 29-31,36.
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    Nowadays the evolution of Internet has dramatically boosted the progress of Geographic Information System based on networking technology. Many organizations and companies have developed various application solutions that are expected to satisfy users' needs. This paper analyzes present WEB GIS technologies applied to both server side and client side. While illustrating their advantages and disadvantages, a GIS application model based on SUN's JAVA Web Start(JWS) technology was put forward. For the purpose of demonstrating the effect of this model, a GIS system was developed and built by using GIS data which conform to the County Level Standard Format of Land Use Database. This study presents the whole framework of the system and focuses on the aspects related to JWS. Finally, it concludes that this solution can solve the problem of deployments and system upgrades in the actual environment.
  • ARTICLES
    YANG Guang, ZHANG Bai, BIAN Hongfeng, WANG Zongming
    2006, 8(3): 32-36.
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    This paper, based on analysis of characteristic and application conditions of MapX, introduces structure and function of thematic map managing information system in Changchun and discusses the method of developing thematic map managing system by utilizing MapX control. It proposes method to realize thematic map management,double direction selection,database linkage and analyzes in detail some technical difficulties and methods resolving these problems in system building.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Donghua, LI Hu, YANG Xinyao, SUN Wei
    2006, 8(3): 37-40.
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    Recently,ASTER satellite data has been frequently used as a new remote sensing data source. This paper deals with the research and process of image mosaiking, which takes Fukang as a study area and makes use of remote sensing image disposal software ENVI. The research result indicates that ASTER satellite data embodies a good many advantages. Meanwhile, the paper discusses the problems of image mosaiking and development trend in the future.
  • ARTICLES
    YIN Zhiqiang, QIN Xiaoguang, WU Fadong, ZHAN Qian
    2006, 8(3): 41-46.
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    With the development of Information technology, Geographical Information System and database, the applied Information System based on GIS and tourism has been accepted by people gradually and has obtained a unprecedented developing space. This kind of system uses GIS software as the platform. They can exactly store varied spatial data, image data and multimedia information. With the capability of spatial operation, special map management, the system can offer information query and display function. The abundant query results can be displayed on the screen instantly and directly. The GIS technology system, theory of application of GIS software and developing mode of component GIS are discussed in this paper based on the plenty internal and external references. To meet the practical needs of tourism, we have designed and developed the Yuan Ming Yuan Tourism Information System(TGIS). MapGIS-a GIS platform software - is used to digitize map on screen to vector data, and then it is turned into Arcview shapefiles. Image data and attribute data are integrated in Arcview and stored in graphic database and attribute database with the shapefiles format managed by Arcview. In the system integration, VisualBasic is used as a programming tool with the embedding GIS component MapObjects. And with the VB.ADO technology, we have integrated the Access data. Many functions such as spatial/attribute information query, dynamic display of tour routes, graphics output, etc. are realized in The Yuan Ming Yuan Tourism Information System.
  • ARTICLES
    HE Baojin, LIU Xiaomei, GAO Junfeng, LI Jinlian
    2006, 8(3): 47-51.
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    Smart client is the client application easy to deploy and manage. Taking the advantages both in B/S and C/S, it has a bright future in many different fields. Through analyzing the feasibility in data-sharing system and taking lake and watershed data-sharing system as an example, this paper introduces a method of how to design and build data-sharing system based on smart client. First, the paper divides the data-sharing system into six different parts, including user identification, data produce inquiry and order, data encryption and download management, data decryption and visualization, connection and updater management. It discusses the details of the technology which are applied in each part. Smart Client Application blocks are the essential components to build a smart client application. Lake and watershed data are the basic elements of the geo-data database. Lake and watershed data center has collected mass data for the scientific research of related fields. Building a data-sharing system is very important for scientists to access the essential data. Considering much of the data concerning the national security, this paper brings network security into data-sharing system. In order to build lake and watershed data-sharing system, we select Asp.net as its web developing environment, Vs.net to build form application, and Sql server as its database. Thus, part of the code in client development is given. All in all, this paper draws the conclusion that smart client can be used in various data-sharing projects. Otherwise, aiming at the demand of data-sharing, it puts forward the draft of the system with smart client.
  • ARTICLES
    YU Xu, DENG Yuejin, HU Shengwu, ZHANG Qi
    2006, 8(3): 52-56.
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    The open and standardized operational interface is important for the systematic and integrated development of geographical information system which enables different systems to interoperate in a standard way and ensure validity and efficiency of operations. This paper discusses the geo-spatial data encoding implementation specification-GML3.1,which is constituted of OGC and is based on XML, elaborates the method and process of establishing the GML3.1 application schema and introduces respectively the spatial data sharing modes including spatial data exchange, unification of spatial data formats, metadata sharing and WebGIS construction based on GML3.1.
  • ARTICLES
    ZOU Zhiqiang, JIANG Nan, HU Bin
    2006, 8(3): 57-61.
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    Scientific data sharing is an important field of research, but as its implemention lacks sufficient technologic support, much work still needs to be done to find out useful information from metadata for the realization of complete data sharing. This paper brings forward a framework of information sharing platform using Struts and Hibernate technology. Firstly it analyzes the application of two technologies, and then mainly explains how to use them to construct a sharing platform of 4-tier structure, including data presentation tier, data transaction tier, data persistent tier and enterprise information system (EIS) tier. Struts is a server-side Java implementation of the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. We use Struts to separate the presentation tier and allow it to be abstracted from the data transaction tier of information sharing platform. Hibernate is an object / relational mapping technique which maps data representation from an object model to a relational data model with a SQL-based schema.We use Hibernate to simplify our middle-tier development of information sharing platform. This platform is one of the distributed multi-tier applications, which can manage and analyze multi-type data, extract useful information for users to browse, download and query among many servers, although the users do not know where these data are stored.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Shougui, WENG Yuezong, PENG Guojun
    2006, 8(3): 62-68.
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    Ship's routing is a maritime traffic regulation which ships should follow or adopt when sailing along navigation line, route or separated line in some sea areas. It's a primary means to effectively manage crowded maritime traffic, and is an important method to plan reasonable ship routing. Ship's routing shows the developing orientation of maritime ship order management. This thesis focuses on the demands of Data Spatial Analysis Methods in Taiwan Straits Ship's Routing Design, and puts up some Data Spatial Analysis Methods which fit for Taiwan Straits Ship's Routing Design based on real data analysis and actual practice, and also gives a simple introduction to the Taiwan Straits Ship's Routing Scheme.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Nan, WANG Qinmin, TANG Guoan
    2006, 8(3): 69-75.
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    In the 75 sample areas (4 km2 each) selected from three regions with different physiognomic types in loess hilly-gully area, northern Shaannxi province, DEM with a spatial resolution of 5m according to the map scaled at 1∶10000 is taken as the research object and 6 algorithms for deriving slopes are adopted. Employing the variance analysis, the author compares the slopes derived by different algorithms in such aspects as the mean, the maximum value, the standard deviation, the median error, and then concludes that if the above indexes are taken into consideration together, the reasonable algorithms are those of three-order inverse distance square weight difference and three-order inverse distance weight difference for the three regions with different physiognomic types in the loess hillly-gully area. Since the unit area involved in deriving slopes by difference calculation is smaller than that by other algorithms, the former is inappropriate to be used in this region. According to the actual requirement of production, the concept that the slope should be studied by dividing it into different grades is proposed. The study indicates that in the regions with the same physiognomic types in the loess hilly-gully area, the influences of algorithms on the slope area of the same grade are different, and the rules are different too. Algorithms should be selected according to the physiognomic types and the required grade of slope area in conserving water and soil. The paper can be referred to as concrete standards for selection.
  • ARTICLES
    LONG Yi, ZHOU Tong, LIU Xuejun, TANG Guoan
    2006, 8(3): 76-82.
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    Fractal theory will have a wide application in the field of the complexity analysis of geographic spatial information, but it is difficult to describe the characteristic of geographic objects by means of the single fractal dimension method, which emphasizes on the absolute self-similarity. This paper showed that, being compared with the single fractal dimension, the M-R curve comprises more abundant characteristic information of geographic spatial details, so it should be considered as a more important fractal analysis object. On the basis of the above analysis, firstly, this paper primarily introduced the characteristic and the geographical spatial significance of M-R curve; secondly, several extended analysis methods for M-R curve were further discussed, including the functional simulation of M-R curve, the establishment and analysis of fractal dimension spectrum; and finally, selecting the river data on small scale map as experimental data, this paper analyzed the spatial morphologic character and discipline between two great rivers in China, viz. the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The experiment indicated that the Yangtze River has more complicated detailed change in the scope of small scales, and the Yellow River has more obvious complexity in the larger ones.
  • ARTICLES
    YUE Tianxiang, DU Zhengping
    2006, 8(3): 83-87.
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    Our research results show that when high accuracy surface modeling(HASM) is formulated in terms of individual equation or different combinations of Gauss equations such as HASM1a, HASM1b, HASMc, HASM2, HASMac, HASMbc, HASM3 and HASM4, simulation errors and CPU time of these HASM formulations are quite different. It is necessary to find an optimal HASM formulation that has less error and computing time than others. Numerical tests in this paper show that the optimal HASM formulation is HASM4, the combination of two equations in Gauss equation set, in which the x-y cross equation is excluded.
  • ARTICLES
    YU Huanju, XIE Chuanjie, LI Yunling, QIN Chengzhi
    2006, 8(3): 88-93.
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    Spatial data warehouse is the extension of data warehouse on the basis of spatial data. Building seismic spatial data warehouse is important for studying the law of seismic activity in time sequence, spatial area, and spatio-temporal distribution, as well as earthquake forecast, prevention and reduction. Earthquake happens very frequently in North China. Its seismic data records are superior to other areas of China in aspects of precision, quantity, and perfection. So the authors tried to build a seismic spatial data warehouse of North China for the study of the method of building spatial data warehouse.
  • ARTICLES
    HUANG Hongsheng, YUE Tianxiang
    2006, 8(3): 94-97,103.
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    Model metadata are the important information in spatial model sharing, which would promote model utilization much more. In object-oriented model base management system, properties, method, data interface and metadata of model are encapsulated as model object. Model metadata are used to assist model management. In the experimentation of model metadata management, we build a model metadata database and develop a web-based model metadata management system. The common user of Internet can access model information that has been built by using the model management system. It could be avoided to repeatedly construct the same model. At present, researches on model metadata have to resolve two primal problems: ①developing the national standard of spatial model metadata; and ②establishing standards of object-oriented spatial model representation.
  • ARTICLES
    YAO Yanmin, ZHOU Qingbo, CHEN Youqi
    2006, 8(3): 98-103.
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    In order to meet the increasing requirement for the agricultural resources information sharing, the standardization for agricultural resources information needs to be conducted under the unified framework. Using ideas of international geographic information standard establishment for reference, through agricultural information process analysis from data collection, data management up to information service, this paper primarily developed and brought forward a technical framework for standardization of agricultural resources information-the reference model for information standards of agricultural resources. The reference model consists of three parts-guidance standard, general standard, profile and field standards. This paper mainly set forth the standard composition and essentials of five guidance standards and four types of general standards. It put forward important principles and methods for building specific agricultural information standard profiles based on basic standards. The reference model for information standards of agricultural resources has guidance meaning for the field information standardization which focuses on information accumulation and information service.
  • ARTICLES
    NIU Fangqu, ZHU Dehai, CHENG Changxiu
    2006, 8(3): 104-108.
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    This paper reviewed the state-based spatio-temporal data model and the event-based spatio-temporal data model. The state-based spatio-temporal data model doesn't explicitly describe the change procedures of the map, and so does the event-based data model proposed before. To fully record the procedures of the spatio-temporal change and make it easy to query the spatio-temporal change information, an improved event-based spatio-temporal data model based on raster data was proposed here. In this improved model, the changes of the phenomena were fully recorded, and the present state of the map was set as the base map. In many applications, users fetch the present state of the map more frequently, so the improved model would make the system more efficient. In order to show its advantages that it is easy to get the changed information, this paper gave some spatio-temporal query cases. These cases illuminated clearly how to query what happened to the map at any time, such as: what event happened at a location; where did an event happen, etc. Also, this paper discussed the storage efficiency of the data model. And as a conclusion, it was suggested that the model is more suited for some conditions.
  • ARTICLES
    TAN Kelong, WANG Xiaofeng
    2006, 8(3): 109-113,2.
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    The typical farming and pasturing intercrossed zone in Dongsheng District of Shenfu County is chosen as a case in this research. Taking three-phase remote sensing data of the mid 1970s, mid 1980s and the late 1990s as the information source, combined with the investigation statistical data, the systematic data collection was carried out first. And then the dynamic analysis model with GIS software ArcInfo, ArcView was established based on the above research. The dynamic analysis results of the study area showed that the general characteristics of the eco-environment has been in the process of inverse development in recent 20 years. The main reason for the eco-environmental deterioration from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s is the excessive pasturing and land reclamation with the growth of population, causing immobile sand and semi-immobile sand activated. The main reason for the eco-environment obvious inversion from the mid 1980s to the late 1990s is the result of Sanbei (northern China, northwestern China, northeastern China) protective forest belt construction, environmental protection and positive soil desertification prevention and treatment of Dongsheng mining area in Shenfu. The research also shows that through appropriate land use, and human bioengineering measures in the fragile ecological area, we could set up a benign industrial system of farming, forestry, pasturing, and industrial development balanced with ecosystem, and take out a harmonious sustainable development way of economic developing and environmental protection mutually.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Fang, NIU Zheng, LIAO Chujiang
    2006, 8(3): 114-118.
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    Study on simulation of remote sensing image has been widely carried out recently, and simulation images provide useful reference for the evaluation of other remote sensing information. This paper summarizes the development of the technique in image simulation and introduces simulation techniques applied to SAR and optical image. The characteristics of different simulation methods and limitations to the image product processing are compared and analyzed. The characteristics of spectrum are very effective to recognize different kinds of objects. Spectral matching is done by comparing a reference spectrum ( i.e., a laboratory or pixel spectrum of which the type has been known ) with a test spectrum, and their differences are calculated, so as to confirm the type of object. Finally, based on spectral matching algorithm the idea of acquiring high spectral resolution image from low spectral resolution image is brought forward. The results indicate that the simulation image well reflects the information of original RS image, and the accuracy is satisfactory.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Jinqian, WEI Suqiong, CHEN Jianfei, CHEN Zhiqiang
    2006, 8(3): 119-124.
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    Based on fractal geometry and GIS technology, this paper describes an algorithm for fractal dimension of spatial structure and pattern of built-up land in Fujian and Taiwan. Remote sensing techniques provide the necessary data rapidly and periodically for the spatial characteristics and evolvement study. The study area including Fujian and Taiwan provinces is cut from ASTER images in 2002 after geometric correction based on the topographic map. GIS is an effective tool to analyse the spatial characteristics and evolvement with the strong spatial analysis functions. Based on GIS, the area and perimeter of built-up land are distilled. The fractal dimension D of spatial pattern denotes its complexity and stability, which can discover the trend of the urban evolvement. It varies from 1 to 2, and the greater the D, the more complex the distribution of towns. If D < 1.5, the shape of the urban system is becoming more simple. If D = 1.5, the stability is worse, and the urban system is in the Brown movement. If D > 1.5, the shape is more complex and instable. If D = 2, one place on the plane is filled by the graph of the town. According to the fractal dimension analyses, some characteristics of the spatial structure and pattern of built-up land in Fujian and Taiwan can be identified, and some suggestions on planning the built-up land are proposed based on the research result.
  • ARTICLES
    DING Feng, XU Hanqiu
    2006, 8(3): 125-130,135.
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    Landsat TM has a thermal infrared band (band 6) which can be used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). So far, three methods have been proposed to retrieve LST from TM6 data, they are Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE), Mono-window Algorithm and Single-channel Method. Due to the complicated process of computation and the general unavailability of in situ atmospheric profile at the satellite pass (especially for the images in the past), it is quite difficult to put the RTE method into real world application. The advent of the other two new algorithms has made it possible to retrieve the real LST from Landsat TM thermal band and with relatively high accuracy. The mono-window algorithm requires two atmospheric parameters (the total atmospheric transmissivity and the atmospheric water vapor content) while the single-channel algorithm only requires one (the atmospheric water vapor content). The land surface emissivity is the common key parameter of these two algorithms. In this paper, we make a comparison between the LSTs retrieved from the mono-window algorithm and the single-channel algorithm over a study area in Fuzhou city, Fujian, China. The Landsat TM image used in this paper is acquired on June 15, 1989. The research results show that: (1) when compared to each other, the retrieved LSTs from these two algorithms have similar overall temperature distributions, but, the LST retrieved from the mono-window algorithm is about 2.45℃ higher than that from the single-channel algorithm; and (2) when compared to the corresponding pixel brightness temperature, a higher difference value is obtained. For the mono-window algorithm, it is about 2.84℃, and for the single-channel algorithm, about 5.28℃.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Runan
    2006, 8(3): 131-133.
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    The plates that make up the earth's crust are from a violent collision that happened between the earth and another planet from outer space. The Pacific Ocean is a giant hollow resulting from a collision and the Atlantic Ocean is a rift valley shaping like a huge "S". The water on the earth is possibly mainly from this collision.