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  • 2006 Volume 8 Issue 4
    Published: 25 December 2006
      

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  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Shupeng
    2006, 8(4): 1-3,2.
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    In recent years, there are increasing meteorological disasters in China, such as typhoon, which caused great economic losses in coastal provinces. Also, they resulted in the displacement of subtropical high pressures which leaded to durative high temperatures and droughts in Sichuan Basin. The Mini-satellites Constellation for Environmental and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting will be launched in 2007. In order to make full use of the data from the Mini-satellites Constellation in preventing and reducing the loss caused by typhoons, we need to be well prepared. This paper proposed 5 key techniques to improve our Typhoon Disaster Prevention and Reduction Information System: a network platform for sharing information, computational models and databases for calculating the accessibility to disaster area, satellite image data mining, integrated multi-source environmental background data, and secondary disaster prevention. Information sharing and multidisciplinary inter-departmental cooperation are also needed.
  • ARTICLES
    YE Tianzhu
    2006, 8(4): 4-7.
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    This paper analyzes the current development status of spatial information technology and identifies six applied characteristics of the technologies of Spatial Information Grid (SIG). Considering the applied aspects of geological survey, the prospects of SIG in industrial application and technological development are presented and discussed.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Aili, TANG Guoan
    2006, 8(4): 8-14,5.
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    An automated approach was developed in terrain classification using the global DEMs with 1×1km2 grid cells but a high sampling accuracy for their elevation data based on large-scale topographic maps. For years, the practicality and explicability of the DEMs are perplexing all the while in GIS applications. In this research, a methodology was implemented as a two-step process. Firstly, six global relief variables were derived, i.e., relief amplitude, surface incision, elevation variance coefficient, surface roughness, mean slope and mean elevation. Secondly, ISODATA unsupervised classification and the Bayesian technique of Maximum Likelihood supervised classification were applied to generate seven basic relief forms of China. The experiment revealed that 1∶1,000,000 DEM of China was of practical significance and potential in macroscopic landform classification; the derived terrain variables of China contained sufficient physiographic information which provides essential basis for the automatic terrain classification. The approach permitted a quick and automatic estimation of the spatial distribution of morphologically homogeneous terrain units compared to the traditional classification methodologies. Finally, the methodology showed more objective than general DEM classification techniques owing to the mathematic methodology used and abundant quantitative relief data obtained in the study. Apparently this technique represents a splendid significance and applied foreground not only in the classification of relief forms but also in consummating the theory and methodology of DEMs based digital terrain analysis.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Dechang, YE Fawang, ZHAO Yingjun
    2006, 8(4): 15-18.
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    A comprehensive application technology and method for various geo-scientific data like remote sensing, geo-physics, geology, etc. were discussed in this paper. From the application characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data in uranium resource exploration, the authors made researches on information fusion by taking the full advantage of aero-radioactivity gamma information, the characteristic information in uranium geologic field, and developed three types of fusion images of MR (Multi- spectrum-Radioactivity), MSR(Multispectrum-Synthetic aperture radarsat-Radioactivity), and HSR(Hyper-spectrum-Synthetic aperture radarsat-Radioactivity) based on four kinds of information of multi-spectrum remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar, hyper-spectrum and aero-radioactivity. On the basis of the above researches, the authors further overlapped the interpretation map of the above fusion images with other geo-scientific data like gravity, magnetic, geo-chemical, geological and so on. As a result, an integrated technologic system with characteristics of nuclear industry, based on remote sensing spectrum and airborne radioactive gamma energy spectrum, was established. The system has been used to geological mapping and uranium deposit exploration in vegetable-covered granite area, volcanic rock area and sediment basin. Good application effects were obtained.
  • ARTICLES
    WU Sheng, WANG Qinmin, TU Ping, LI Huiguo
    2006, 8(4): 19-24.
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    To figure out some basic problems in current digital region construction, this paper puts forward the concept of digital region application infrastructure (DRAI), and analyzes the research background, reference model and application supporting platforms for information sharing. DRAI is on the top tier above network infrastructure and spatial data infrastructure. It is composed of a series of information service organizations, management regulations, standards and norms, key technologies and application supporting platforms, and provides fundamental supporting services for various regional information system projects, such as e-government, e-business, digital cities, digital communities, LBS, etc. Information service organization is the main body of DRAI, providing "bridge" for information consumer and information provider. The core parts of DRAI are application service platforms, which provide unified frameworks and solutions for regional information sharing and exchanging. Among the platforms, the metadata management and catalog services platform provides "one-stop" entrance for information registration and query; the information sharing and cooperation platform provides information sharing and exchanging services among distributed databases; the spatial information web services platform realizes the centralized sharing of geospatial information. Finally, the paper summarizes the achievements of Digital Fujian which based on DRAI, and images the requirements and development of Digital Fujian Project in 11th Five-Year Plan period.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Zegen, YANG Yanmei
    2006, 8(4): 25-30.
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    In the distributed environment, the existence of the distributed features in the presented object of spatial data, the source of the spatial data and the object of the spatial information service decided that GIS had the distributed feature, too. Meanwhile, the spatial information service has the demand of real time. The active spatial information service is the necessity for overcoming the illogicality between the distributed feature and real time of the spatial information service. Firstly, to resolve this illogicality, this paper advanced the conceptions of active geographic information and active geographic information system. Secondly, it advanced the architecture and active service rules of the active geographic information system by taking node of the distributed GIS as an example. Thirdly, it considered that a node of the active GIS includes a typical GIS, an event driven knowledge base and an event monitor. The realization of the active function depended on the event monitor scouting some event's arise and active service rulers in the event ruler base. Finally, it advanced basic event and its expression, event operation's methods and the expression of complex event, and studied the realization approaches and key technologies of the active geographic information system. The architecture,realization approaches and key technologies had been tried in an application GIS. The experiments indicated that the active geographic information system is efficient for providing real time spatial information service in the distributed environment.
  • ARTICLES
    HUANG Haifeng, XIA Bin, ZHAO Baolin, ZHAO Guanwei
    2006, 8(4): 31-34.
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    GIS applications are being developed using the three-tier software architecture traditionally used for general-purpose information systems. Even though this architecture is suitable for GIS applications, the special nature and exclusive characteristics of geographic information pose special functional requirements on the architecture. Based on the research of the three-tier software architecture and the special nature and exclusive characteristics of geographic information, we propose a generic architecture for GIS that provides support for the special nature of geographic information and conforms with the specifications proposed by the ISO/TC 211 and the OGC. Finally, we have tried to apply the architecture that we proposed in the development of a GIS application, and the architecture was proved to be rational and feasible.
  • ARTICLES
    CHANG Xiaohui, LI Hongwei, HUANG Haiwen, CHEN Xu
    2006, 8(4): 35-41.
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    With the rapid development of the Web technology, GIS has entered a brand-new stage. Web technology brings geographic information so great impetus that it can be more open and popular to the public, industries and departments. WebGIS, which combines the Internet web technology with GIS technology, has become an important research direction of GIS. WebGIS is a good approach to get GIS data and geographic information service for us. But WebGIS also confronts some problems for the further development, such as absence of interaction and limitation of accessing heterogeneous database. So WebGIS needs some new technologies to solve these problems. XML is a new technology, which promotes the development of Web. GML specification is defined by OGC. Its purpose is to transport and store geographic information in XML format, which will play an important role in the development of WebGIS. This paper analyzes the problem that the WebGIS exists in spatial data sharing and in bandwidth of network at first. It then discusses the GML and SVG as well as the application of GML and SVG in WebGIS. On the basis of general architecture of WebGIS, the author presents a new architecture based on GML and SVG. The architecture is made up of three layers: database, application and client. This paper analyzes the architecture in detail and explains the characteristic of the architecture. And then it introduces some key technologies in detail such as parsing GML document, translating GML to SVG and so on. Finally, this paper provides the application example of this architecture and gives the picture of the WebGIS prototype system interface.
  • ARTICLES
    RUI Jianxun, SUN Yarong
    2006, 8(4): 42-46.
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    The technology based on OLE development can bring the strong function of the mature geographic information system software and the object oriented development language together, but there still exist some problems in call-back mechanism and the massive spatial data managements. This article, taking the development of geographic information system of Taining as an example, introduces emphatically the call-back mechanism based on OLE technology, MapInfo object, the class used to achieve the communication between MapInfo and application, form class and the methods of using them. With this as the basis, the author put forward the method of carrying on the advantage of large distributed database MYSQL and of managing the map and properties data separately to manage massive spatial data, in order to resolve the system movement speed slowness and perfect the method of visiting database.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Xing, TU Ping, WANG Qinmin, XIAO Sheng
    2006, 8(4): 47-54.
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    With the deepening of informanization development, the range of computer and internet / intranet application and the scale of the application systems are expending. A common problem that lies ahead of us is how to integrate with and share the information resources that have been built. Taking the project of the e-government information sharing platform of Fujian Provincial Digital Forestry as an example, based on protecting the investment in information, the overall solution scheme and realization methods of the information exchange and sharing are studied by means of MS.NET/ XML & Web Services / MS BizTalk Server 2004 core technologies for the sharing information requirement of Fujian Provincial Digital Forestry application systems in forestry of the data distributed and heterogeneous environment.
  • ARTICLES
    MA Weifeng, LI lin, XUE Chongsheng
    2006, 8(4): 55-59.
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    Geostatistics is a quickly developing subject in mathematic geology that has been widely used in geological work and study. Along with the extensive application of GIS in geology, traditional geostatistics software needs GIS system to manipulate spatial data and GIS system also needs geostatistics software to analyze its data. So it is very essential to introduce and fully integrate the geostatistics for GIS.The spatial analysis model and GIS software can be integrated via the data file, script program language or component technology such as COM, and the advancement of component technology made it more convenient to do such a job. The Python programming language is a high-level language that is both elegant and pragmatic, simple and powerful, and it is suitable for system integration and science computing programming aided by its science computation model--Scipy.Based on the COM technology, a geostatistics analysis library that has a COM interface can be quickly developed by the Python and its science computation model--Scipy. The geostatistics analysis library can be implemented very quickly and easily owing to user-friendly, powerful and object-oriented characteristic of Python and Scipy. The library can be called or integrated into component GIS system such as ArcGIS or SuperMap Object by its COM interface,which is implemented by PythonCOM. An example of tendency analysis has been developed and tested based on the Python and SuperMap Object.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Chunju, SHI Dundun
    2006, 8(4): 60-64.
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    In this paper the content,time factor and expression way in the field of Urban Planning are analyzed. The author of this paper introduces an object-oriented approach, analyses the data mark way and attributes, and spatial graphics temporal data organizing. Marking the version information on object attribute tables, the object marking with version information can describe the object source and structure relationship, then the approach can describe the attribute values of an object in different periods directly. The expression way of object-oriented temporal spatial data organization is advanced, the organization can associate the object in current and past times, also can associate the version in the front and behind. This data organization way is a convenient version integration and single version accessing. The temporal GIS is realized by the time mark in the object table, the version serial of geometric object is linearily organized and the temporal topology relationship is constructed. This approach improves the efficiency of data using and history l event query, and also assures the continual development of the Urban Planning System with the data storage space saved.
  • ARTICLES
    FU Jinxia, ZHAO Jun
    2006, 8(4): 65-69.
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    "Spatial feature"is the geographical spatial data famous feature different from that of the other data, so in the process of researching geographical spatial data, it must be reflected and conformed to other geographical spatial feature. This paper focused on two fields, namely statistical analysis and remotely sensed imagery analysis, to discuss that in the spatial data analysis the exploration of spatial nonstationarity, spatial structure and scale must be intensified.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHAO Jun
    2006, 8(4): 70-74.
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    DDYGISS is a highly integrated platform of WEBGIS. It is based on 3S(GIS, GPS, RS), Object oriented RDBMS, Internet, DCOM, etc. According to Digital Dongying Local Area Net, DDYGISS has been built by integrating spatial resources of the whole Dongying city with unified standards and formats for the realization of resources sharing. The platform can provide basic spatial data for city planning, city management and city decision-making, resource management and so forth. At the same time it can offer the services of geographic information for related application systems. In addition, it is a developing and application platform oriented resources integrating, resources sharing and application services. This paper puts forward a method by which GIS and governmental resources system are highly integrated by virtue of a lot of programming based on DDYGISS. In this way, it can spatialize and visualize dull governmental resources such as economic index, talented persons, bidding information and so on. The satisfactory result has obtained.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Dengwei, FENG Zhiming, YANG Yanzhao
    2006, 8(4): 75-79,83.
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    In the water carrying capacity model research, every cell's climatic information can be used by interpolation method. As no single interpolation method is optimal for all regions and data, it is important to compare the results obtained using alternative methods applied to each region. In this study, two methods for spatial interpolation of precipitation data were compared. Forty-year monthly mean precipitation from the Haihe River Basin was interpolated using inverse distance weighted( IDW ) and Universal Kriging methods. Cross-validation tests show that the method of GIDS can not be used in the study, in addition, Universal Kriging method is more accurate in predictions than IDW in this area, furthermore, before interpolation of precipitation, a lg-transformation improves the accuracy well.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Xin, ZHANG Lili, CAO Guofeng, ZHONG Ershun
    2006, 8(4): 80-83.
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    This paper studies the dynamic expression techniques about the evolution and variation of battlefield situation and presented a new dynamic expression technique using symbol integrated with symbol action, the symbol action includes movement action,modification action,blink action,zoom action,show or hide action,property change and symbol change. Furthermore, one method was discussed to make the expression more vividly using script control, which includes scene command,speed command,jump command,pause command and playing sound command. The prototype was developed to validate the feasibility and reusability of the presented technique which can solve many key problems in the evolution and variation of the battlefield situation.
  • ARTICLES
    LI Shihua, WANG Jinliang
    2006, 8(4): 84-87,100,6.
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    In order to identify the quality of takin habitat in Gaoligong Mountain and to discuss the strategy of habitat protection, digital elevation model (DEM) was built and used in habitats research of takin (B.taxicolor.taxcicolor), a kind of endangered and rare animal species distributed mainly in Gaoligong Mountain area. DEM, slope model, vegetation distribution model and the model of disturbance from human activities were overlapped to produce digital terrain model (DTM), potential and practical habitat. DTM was applied very well in the research of takin habitat in the north Gaoligong Mountain.Comparing with the ecological behavior of takin and field work, the potential and practical habitat areas of takin had been identified based on indicators (elevation, slope, vegetation area and human activity). Elevation, slope and vegetation were used to assess and to classify takin potential habitat, and human activity in combination with potential habitat were used to assess practical habitat. The result shows that (1) most part of the region is suitable for takin living in the study area without human disturbance and it is possible for distribution of takin in this region long time ago. The habitat's area suitable for takin reduced and the area unsuitable for takin habitat increased year after year during the four periods of time from 1974 to 1989, 1999, and 2004.(2) Under the influence of human disturbance, the area most suitable for takin habitat disappeared largely, and the proportion of disappeared habitat area increased year after year.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Shuliang, YIN Lili, SHI Miaomiao, LV Guonian
    2006, 8(4): 88-95.
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    In the research of sharing of geographic information, spatial interoperability has become a very important content of space sharing technology. Gradually, general spatial interoperability has become a pronoun of space sharing technology. As the research progressing, the modes and methods of spatial interoperability become diverse. On the basis of analyzing semantic spatial interoperability mode, open geographical data interoperability criterion and distributed isomerous database interoperability architecture, the mainstream GIS platform interoperability products, as well as ISO/TC211 spatial interoperability service architecture, this paper puts forward a new way to advance the capability of interoperability by improving various interoperability technology and proposes the regularities and trends of spatial interoperability architecture's development. From data transformation to open file format, from standard transformation format to application program interface, from spatial database to web service integration, as well as the rapid development of interoperability technology, the capability of interoperability has improved gradually.
  • ARTICLES
    HUANG Yun, SHENG Yehua, WEN Yongning, LIU Lijia, YANG Hui
    2006, 8(4): 96-100.
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    The distributed integration of geographical models is one of the main objectives of the virtual geographical environment. In distributed systems, the format of XML is mostly adopted as a unified standard to express and transfer all kinds of information in the network. This paper develops a universal editor for models data defining under the platform of Visual C#.NET. The format of XML is adopted for describing the multi-source heterogeneous data so as to actualize the integration and sharing of the geographical models. Also the intuitionistic graphical interface is provided, which satisfies the designer without procedure background and makes the intelligent integration of models possible. The groundwater models are distributively invocated with this editor. The result shows that this editor is effective and easily operable.
  • ARTICLES
    SONG Xianfeng, LIU Junzhi, WU Jianguo, TAN Haiqiao
    2006, 8(4): 101-105.
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    This research illustrated the framework of Open Source MapServer and addressed the methods generating flash map with Mapserver plus Ming. We showed one case study of open source web mapping, in which our enhanced flash mapping system served Global Vector Map Level 0 on the web. This methodology has been documented as a tutorial on the official site of MapServer at University of Minnesota.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Xingxing, BI Jiantao, YANG Banghui, CHI Tianhe
    2006, 8(4): 106-110,116.
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    The network of Chinese Sustainable Development Information Sharing has been supported by the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan and has accumulated mega data from different departments and fields. Now the network can provide sustainable development information services. But the system can only provide user data services, as for the non-specialty users it is difficult to directly use the raw data to conduct synthetic analysis. So how to map the data in the database to the indicators and generate add-value data to provide the user for analysis has become a pressing issue. To solve this problem, the sustainable development database management model and the definition of generating indicators and dynamic indicators are put forward, and the mapping model and the storage method are designed. The present research can change the services of network from data services to the indicator services, and can promote the users, especially the non-specialty users, to use the data in the sustainable development to perform convenient analysis.
  • ARTICLES
    LUAN Yuanzhong, FAN Yuhong, WANG Yong, GE Renhua, ZHANG Dong
    2006, 8(4): 111-116.
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    The terrain in the subsided area generated by mining is complicated, in this paper, we apply fractal interpolation to simulate the fractal terrain in the subsided area. In Matlab, we achieve the optimal solution in scaleless band based on the Genetic Algorithm and the fractal interpolation method based on FBM in the subsided area, and thus making out the fractal characteristic parameters H and σ. The ideal result is achieved by employing the data estimated with the probability integral method and the ground pressure figures are drawn.
  • ARTICLES
    BAI Hexiang, GE Yong, LI Deyu
    2006, 8(4): 117-121,135.
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    Compared with the traditional geostatistics based on variogram model, multiple-point simulation not only can be perfectly applied to the modeling of geographical objects which have complex geometry structure, but also has faster speed in simulating. This paper discussed the fundamental principle of multiple-point geostatistics and its simulation algorithms (SNESIM), and compared to improve simulation algorithms. The conceptual arguments are further substantiated by an example in third section. The efficiencies of various improved algorithms are also compared in this example and some suggestions are followed. We then conclude our paper with a summary and give potential applications of multiple-point simulation to remote sensing in section 4.
  • ARTICLES
    XU Xinliang, CAO Mingkui
    2006, 8(4): 122-128.
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    The spectral information of remote sensing images has integrated and realistic characteristics. It has become an important means of using remote sensing information and GIS technology to estimate forest biomass in global change research area. Firstly,the development of using remote sensing information to estimate forest biomass was summarized in this paper. Then four methods which included the method based on relationship between remote sensing information and biomass, the method based on fusion remote sensing data and process model, the method based on K-Nearest neighbor and the method based on artificial neural network were discussed. Finally the shortcomings of current research and the emphases of future research were given in this paper.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Lin, XU Hanqiu, LI Sheng
    2006, 8(4): 129-135,151.
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    Two Landsat TM/ETM+ images of 1996/9/6 and 2003/5/29, as well as two SPOT images, have been used for this study. To reveal urban expansion areas in Fuzhou of SE China from 1996 to 2003, the original 7-band TM/ETM+ image was compressed into a 3-band image using the band-dimension compression technique. The 3 new bands were derived from three thematic indices, which are Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Normalized Differences Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Differences Built-up Index (NDBI). A supervised classification was carried out on this new 3-band image and the urban built-up lands were extracted from the classified maps. The results show that the expanded areas are generally coordinated with the Fuzhou City's Planning (1995-2010)..
  • ARTICLES
    WU Ruiqing, YANG Cunjian
    2006, 8(4): 136-140.
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    In this paper, rape is selected as an example in Tengchong county of Yunnan province for discussing the characteristics and relation of homogeneous crop in different growth periods and with different overlay degrees, through measurement of typical samples in the open, and processing and analyzing these data. The pilot study indicates that spectrum reflectivity increases from 375nm to 670nm and decreases from 800nm to 1100nm along with the increase of flowers of rape, and the combination scale is close to the spectrum combination scale of rape with full flower and without flower. The spectrum reflectivity decreases and increases with the growth of overlay degree from 368.4nm to 738.2nm and from 741.2nm to 1110.6nm, respectively. The combination scale is close to the spectrum combination scale of oil and rape with 100% overlay degree. This research is of practical significance to the recognition of different growth periods and different overlay degrees.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Canlong, DENG Zhiwang, NI Shaoxiang, HU Yingwen, CHEN Jian, LIU Zhenbo
    2006, 8(4): 141-145.
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    Based on the Landsat TM image covering Qinghai Lake district received on June 29 of 1997 and using the fractal dimension arithmetic method for coastline, the length of the shoreline of the Qinghai Lake is measured and computed at different scales. It shows that the fractal dimension of the shoreline of Qinghai Lake is 1.0237. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, fractal dimension is a feasible approach for expressing characteristics of the shoreline. Secondly, remote sensing and GIS supported measurement of shoreline fractal dimension has obvious advantages such as saving considerably amount of work and raising work efficiency, which indicates that remote sensing and GIS techniques have very good application prospect in the measurement of fractal dimension of shoreline.