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  • 2007 Volume 9 Issue 6
    Published: 25 December 2007
      

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  • ARTICLES
    LANG Lingling, CHENG Weiming, ZHU Qijiang, LONG En
    2007, 9(6): 1-6,135-136.
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    The slope and relief are commonly used parameters in describing terrain.In the regional study,using the DEM data to draw relief can reflect the terrain characteristics fast and directly.The slope is mainly used to divide plain and mountain region,and the relief is mainly used to sub-divide the hills,small rolling mountain,middle rolling mountain and the great rolling mountain.The basic landform type is determined by criteria of relief and elevation,and it is also the foundation of division for more detailed landform classification by remote sensing.In this article,with DEM data including 1∶250 000 and 1∶100 000 of the study area,the slope is calculated to draw up plain and mountain region with a critical slope value of being approximately 3°;using the method of increasing grid window progressively in ArcGIS space analysis,which corresponds to different DEMS,the relief is calculated to determine the best window area which is set to be 4.41km2;and using statistical method based upon comparison several different measures of the existing research results,the functional map of the study area between relief and the best window area is worked out.This research has certain model function when extracting the basic landform type in low mountain and hilly regions.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Liqin, LONG Yi, ZHOU Tong, CUI Shilin
    2007, 9(6): 7-13.
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    Based on the characteristics of the interior change and vicinity convergent,the Meta Fractal Dimension(MFD) model adopted sliding window technology is applied to the extended fractal dimension research for map objects.During the establishment of MFD,the sliding window determines the neighborhood scope to restrict the segment from map object and the degree of adjacent overlap,thus it is one of the important parameters for MFD.In the present research,however,it is chosen artificially,not from the morphological characteristics of the map object,for which caused randomly and unsatisfied operating efficiency.Considering the extended fractal characteristic with scaling variety,and based on its simulating function using inversion logistic model,this paper proposed a method to determine the size of gliding box automatically for building MFD of map line object,viz.Meta Fractal Dimension Curve.Several experiments done indicate that this method is easy to operate and has a relatively high calculation precision and a logical spatial analysis.
  • ARTICLES
    HAN Jiafu, ZHANG Zhong, QI Qingwen
    2007, 9(6): 14-19,0,2.
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    China's population distribution is guite ineguable.Such a kind of inequalities exists widely and changes slightly.Use for reference of economics we use the Lorenz curves to research these inequalities.Combining with the map visualization and corresponding tabular data we can make some quantitative analysis.We analyzed from two aspects,the horizontal and vertical direction.For convenient research we collect the 1∶250 000 databases,including residential area distribution and digital elevation modal data.Based on the research of China's township population distribution LORENZ curves,we found some changes in special densities and generated corresponding maps in order to show these inequalities vividly,and by research of the China's population-elevation distribution LORENZ curves we can compile different elevation population distribution maps to show these inequalities.Compared with the Gini coefficient we found that the inequalities in horizontal and vertical directions have different characteristics.
  • ARTICLES
    SHEN Chenhua, LIU Yu
    2007, 9(6): 20-24.
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    Based on the analysis of the scale effect on land use classification area of land use survey,this paper puts forward the calculation method of the areal difference of the same land types under different scales,so as to lay the theoretical basis for the further study of the areal difference of the current situation of large scale land use survey.
  • ARTICLES
    CUI Shilin, LONG Yi, ZHOU Tong, WANG Liqin
    2007, 9(6): 25-30.
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    As a main factor of fractal geometry,fractal dimension is used to quantificationally analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the cartographic point group.But it is proved in practice that the cartographic point group usually shows nonuniformity of local fractal characteristics.This paper puts forward a Meta Fractal Dimension Model(abbreviated as MFDM) based on the extended analysis that can be applied to describe the change of local shape of map objects.The MFDM,which makes the fractal method an expansion,shows good analytical ability for spatial distribution characteristics of the cartographic point group,thus is more effective than the traditional fractal methods: on the one hand,the experimental results reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and their change status of these internal points in a certain scope that is called neighboring radium or side length r;on the other hand,the distribution histogram and profile curve of MFD,which in the meantime thinks about macro-scope and micro-scope analysis,can further detect the internal spatial distribution pattern of these original points.So the method of the MFDM can be adopted to analyze point groups on the medium-or small-scale maps and to discover the distribution disciplines of the geographical objects.But there are also some aspects to be noticeable in applying this method: the original point group must reach a certain number;there must be a reasonable fractal scale and a non-scaling interval;and the size of the sliding window should rely on the research content and purpose.
  • ARTICLES
    CHENG Changxiu, ZHANG Wenchang, CHEN Jie, CAI Jun
    2007, 9(6): 31-35.
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    Accessibility is an important factor in urban planning,real estate development and traffic management.According to the characteristics of Beijing′s subways that the passengers usually cares about the transfer times rather than traffic distance,this paper used the average depth value of spatial syntax to quantitatively evaluate the accessibility of Beijing′s subways in 2008.The evaluation results show that 1) the evaluation method based on spatial syntax is reasonable to measure the accessibility of Beijing′s subways;2) the evaluation results about each subwayline are more macroscopical and coarse,and the evolution results about starting/terminal station and transfer station are more microscopical and elaborate;3) the plan about Beijing′s subways in 2008 takes into account the bloomed traffic requirement on some keys districts,for example,Zhongguancun district,Yayuncun and Aoyuncun district,Xidan district and Dongdan district;and 4) compared with the other subway lines in inner city, the accessibilities of No.8 and No.9 lines are worse for the accessibilitise of the subways are closer to suburbs,therefore rational running plans should be made according to the OD flow,for example,to adjust the number of carriage,number of runs.
  • ARTICLES
    SUN Zhong-wei, LU Zi
    2007, 9(6): 36-42.
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    The guiding effect of website information flow to various human flows is an important cutting-point to reveal the geographical features in the information society.Choosing the remote countries as a space pattern and taking the situation survey of Internet application as a basis,"the geographical network space diagram of Sino-Australia study abroad exchange" constructed by various types of relative websites is established.The type and geographic feature of Sino-Australia study abroad website are also analyzed.Finally,the mechanism of guiding effect is revealed from three levels: application course of website users,platform organization of website function and interaction of new and old space.The research shows that although the establishment of Sino-Australia study abroad website does not have a decisive role yet it has a promoting role.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Jinfeng, MENG Bin, LI Lianfa
    2007, 9(6): 43-48,131.
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    Thirty percent of territory of China is desert and Gobi,where there is plenty of solar radiation.The potential power of solar energy of China is 50 times that of the Grand Three Gouges Hydraulic Power Station,or two times the total amount of electricity used in the year 2006,which would meet the expected total demand for electricity of the whole country in 2020.Where are the profitable candidate sites for the plants and the technique-economic properties of the sites ? Considering the distribution of land cover and the state of art techniques of power plant,we give an initial estimate of the cost of the solar heat electricity generation.Besides the direct normal solar radiation and landuse and technology,the media of power production such as water resources or solvable salt or gas,maintenance expense,spatial distribution of human and economic activities,environmental and ecological influence,investment and rewarding period have to be accounted in making a detailed estimation of the cost and benefit.Geographical information system,remote sensing,spatial statistics,econometrics and spatial operation are tools in the decision making system.This study proposes a conceptual decision making system of choosing sites for solar heat power plants and produces a draft map of direct normal solar radiation of the country based on the observed data and Cokriging technique,for providing one of the layers of the suitable sites for the plant location.Coal power,hydraulic power,nuclear power,solar energy power,wind power and biomass power use different types of lands and areas,the temporal steady and spatial distributions and working times of the various powers are obviously different;in another aspect,the demands for electricity are also heterogeneous in space and time.Accordingly,there is room to coordinate the demand and supply in space and time.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Songlin, WANG Tianxing
    2007, 9(6): 49-53.
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    Linear Spectral Mixing Model(LSMM) is one of the pixel unmixing models.LSMM is prevailing presently in sub-pixel applications for it's simple and easy operational characteristics.The unmixing accuracy of LSMM is restricted by kinds of factors.However,the research on LSMM is focused on appraisement of linear hypothesis relating to itself and techniques used to select endmembers for the present.The environment conditions of the study area which could sway the unmixing accuracy such as atmospheric reflectance or scatteration and terrain undulation are not previously studied.This paper probes emphatically into the accuracy uncertainty of LSMM from atmospheric condition and terrain undulation by taking unmixing vegetation abundance based on LSMM as an example.Four levels of processing data sets were derived to conduct subsequent unmixing and comparison,namely,the first level which is related to the original ASTER data,the second level related to the data which perform an atmospheric correction using MODTRAN simulations,the third level related to the data which perform a terrain illumination correction equipped with C-correction Method,and the fourth level sequentially,related to the data which were applied to both atmospheric correction and terrain illumination correction.Then the vegetation abundances were extracted from the four processed data sets based on LSMM.The regression analysis between NDVI and vegetation abundance was further conducted to assess the unmixing accuracy which quantitatively measures the atmospheric effect and terrain illumination in the study site.The results indicate that both atmospheric condition and terrain undulation could constrain the application of LSMM.Especially,the effective removal or minimization of terrain effects is essential for LSMM applications to moderate or small-scale mountainous areas.
  • ARTICLES
    KANG Ping, LIU Gaohuan
    2007, 9(6): 54-58,132.
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    The algorithm of optimum route analysis based on raster data model,which considers different influencing factors as driving time and expenses,confirms the optimum route through calculating the accumulative cost value minimumly.Taking road-network in the Pearl River Delta as an example,this paper introduces the simulation technologies of road shape and driving speed, and the analysis of the shortest driving time and expenses.Finally the shortest driving paths between the major cities in the Pearl River Delta are calculated.
  • ARTICLES
    MA Jingsong, XU Shoucheng, ZHU Dakui, HUANG Xingyuan
    2007, 9(6): 59-64.
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    Digital Earth now is becoming one of the leading technologies in the Internet GIS research and development.In this area,there are commonly two of the key techniques that a Digital Earth software system′s development process should deal with: one is the great amount of spatial data should be properly organized and stored in spatial databases,and the other is the spatial data should be effectively transported on networks such as Internet and/or Intranet.By the implementation of the Digital South China Sea(DSCS) system,this paper discusses several technical methods that can mainly be used for independently design and development of geo-relational database models and transport protocols on account of concerning the nation's information security issues.The resulting modeling solutions for the DSCS are: Firstly,the object-oriented ORM source model is adopted as a new spatial database data conceptual modeling technique.Secondly,the logical model of the spatial database is built by using the IDEF1X model which is more effective in semantic description.And thirdly,the storage model of the spatial database is based on relational database.Besides,the spatial data transport protocol is designed and implemented using the asynchronous unblock socket method together with the multithreading method in C++ programming,and directly on the basis of the TCP/IP protocol.It is proved by testing the DSCS system on networks that these technologies can make the spatial data efficiently and safely exchange between the three-dimensional rendering client system and the spatial data server system that are a necessity for a Digital Earth.The DSCS also supports most of the functions and manipulations which are similar to the Google Earth,e.g.the database storage of spatial data such as points,curves,polygons and images,data streaming and progressive transportation etc.For the fully possessed proprietary intellectual property right to the database model and the transport protocol,the DSCS can improve the development of China's national Digital Earth system and provide more safety guarantee to the important spatial data of the nation when transporting on the Internet.
  • ARTICLES
    GAO Ang, CHEN Rongguo, ZHANG Mingbo, LI Fei, ZHAO Sisi
    2007, 9(6): 65-71.
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    In order to deal with the complicated operation and poor expansibility in integrating spatial data,we design a grid oriented Java GIS framework for the spatial data access and integration as well as the key technology of GIS grid service upgrade.Also we put forward a cross platform Java GIS prototype to combine the topological model,Java rich client framework and data grid components together with the uniform standard to build high performance grid computing oriented Geographic Information System as well as to provide a best practice for the realization of prototype development efficiency towards grid environment.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHAO Xiaofeng, CHI Tianhe, ZHANG Xin
    2007, 9(6): 72-76.
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    The research of Spatial Decision Support System is an important branch of modern GIS.This paper analyzes some problems facing SDSS today by introducing grid technology and open grid services architecture into SDSS,puts forward the architecture of a grid service-based SDSS,then describes the functions and logics of all parts of the architecture in detail,and discusses the running process of the architecture by taking the application to the hurricane surge field as a case.Finally,it identifies the advantages of the grid service-based SDSS.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHANG Xueying, LV Guonian
    2007, 9(6): 77-81.
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    The purpose of intelligent GIS is to realize the natural language interaction between GIS and users.Two main problems of intelligent GIS are how to automatically extract spatial information from natural language and how to bridge the semantic gap between unstructured spatial information in natural language and structured spatial information in GIS.The previous research focuses on natural-language spatial relations.One of its basic tasks is to explore spatial terms and syntactic patterns in natural language.In this paper,the basic problems of natural-language spatial relations are described,and then Chinese spatial terms and syntactic patterns are discussed in detail.Finally, a few syntactic patterns are presented for query representation of natural-language spatial relations in GIS.
  • ARTICLES
    PENG GuoJun, CHI Tianhe, ZHANG Xin, CHEN Shizhen, LIN Yuexiang
    2007, 9(6): 82-87.
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    Since reservoir flood prevention control is very complicated,it is necessary to apply information technique to support flood prevention control decision.Informationization of Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control mainly includes the following contents:(1) acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measure technique,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc;(2) constructing digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment;(3) simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive history data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models;(4) providing flood prevention control suggestions for reservoir supervisor.By acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measurement techniques,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc,digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment could be constructed.And then through simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive historical data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models,flood prevention control suggestions could be provided for reservoir supervisor.By introducing the research and software development of "Tingxi Reservoir Flood Prevention Control Management Information System",this thesis gives a detailed explanation about how to apply Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System technique in Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Ling, CHEN Suozhong, HUANG Yu, ZHOU Liangchen
    2007, 9(6): 88-93.
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    This paper discusses the framework of geological disaster risk appraisal project for which a file system was set up based on J2EE and ArcIMS,as well as the main points of the system design and the realization technical route.Meanwhile the key points of the system implemention are analyzed briefly.This system with a three-tier architecture,which brings good compatibility and expansibility,is implemented based on the idea of modular design.The software technologies applied in this system include Struts,database,network,and WebGIS based ArcIMS.This distributed software system combines the basic functions of GIS system with automatic approval flow management.This system can effectively provide the assistance decision-making support and the information issue service for the functional department of the geological disaster risk evaluation project.
  • ARTICLES
    LIU Yufeng, LI Hu, CHEN Gongzhao
    2007, 9(6): 94-99.
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    The construction of the forest fire protection information system of west Tianshan forest area is one of the integrative material applications of GIS(Geographic Information System) to forest resources management. Under the support of spatial information technique,database technique and the forest fire protection technique,based on the development platform of Arc GIS Engine,this information system was established with VB.NET computer program language.Its main structures include forest resources management sub-system,forest fire forecast sub-system,decision support sub-system for forest fire,losses evaluation sub-system of forest fire and sys-database.We can use this information system for practical applications,such as intelligent position of the fire point,information retrieval of the fire point,decision of extinguishing fire plan,exact estimate cost of fire loss,and so on.The results of the work provide a scientific basis for macroscopicl management and decision support on the forest fire matters concerned,and it would promote the technique innovation for preventing forest fire in west Tianshan forest area.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Xiaoqin, CHEN Yunzhi, ZHOU Xiaocheng, JIANG Hong
    2007, 9(6): 100-102,133-134.
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    Coastal protective forest is a green protective screen for disaster prevention and mitigation.For government's management and decision,it's very important to fast obtain the dynamic change of coastal protective forest.In this paper,Zhangpu County of Fujian Province is selected as a study area.Multi-source remote sensing data like CBERS-02 acquired in 2005 and ETM+ acquired in 2000 were used.The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Non-linear band ratio(NLBR= B4 * B3 / B2,where B2,B3 and B4 are the green,red and near infrared red bands of sensors) were calculated.After analyzing the spectral profile of original bands,NDVI and NLBR of the coastal protective forest and other typical land covers in coastal zone,a method to quickly extract the coastal protective forest for different sensors was developed.We found that jointly using of NDVI and NLBR would effectively acquire the coastal protective forest.NDVI would distinguish vegetation cover from non-vegetation cover,and NLBR would distinguish coastal forest from arable land with vegetation cover.With the rules of NDVI> threshold 1 and NLBR< threshold 2,the coastal protective forests of 2005 and 2000 were acquired,in which the thresholds were determined from the scatter plots of NDVI and NLBR.This method is of reference value to the sensors with similar green,red and near infrared red bands.In the study area,the area of coastal protective forest was 2788.11hm2 in 2000, while that was 2462.28hm2 in 2005.From 2000 to 2005,the decreased area was 1332.04 hm2,which was 1.46 times of that of the increased area.The government agencies should strengthen the management and construction of the coastal protective forest,which will improve the ability to prevent and reduce natural disasters in the coastal zone.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Yunzhi, CHEN Chongcheng, WANG Xiaoqin, TANG Liyu
    2007, 9(6): 103-110,134-135.
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    Chinese fir plantation and Masson pine plantation are two fire-prone fuel types distributed in Zhangping city,their fuel loadings determine fire behavior.Based on the calculation of mean vegetation fraction of each Chinese fir plantation stand,mean canopy closures are also estimated by regressive analysis.After careful comparison with the result of field survey,the original canopy closures of some fir stands,which had changed a lot,were corrected with the aid of remote sensing.Then,canopy closure,and other factors such as age,DBH,mean stand height were used to estimate the surface fuel loadings of Chinese fir plantation stands by the existing estimation equation,and each stand's combustibility,fire intensity and fire risk ranking were evaluated according to the result.Finally,the other fuel types of Masson pine plantation's surface fuel loadings were also estimated and analyzed.
  • ARTICLES
    WANG Jianping
    2007, 9(6): 111-115.
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    Wall rock alteration and structures are important to exploration.Extracting information of anomalies from,and geological interpreting of remote sensing data,combined with field investigation,can map out the spatial distribution of wall rock alterations and recognize structures.This paper studies the ore prospect in the western part of the Lushi District,Henan Province,using ASTER multi-spectral data and SPOT5 high resolution data.Using techniques including band ratioing,principal components analysis,and spectral angle mapper classification,anomaly information on mineralization and alteration were extracted and comprehensive remote sensing geological analyses were carried out on the important metallogenic sections in the district,by which new exploration targets have been generated.
  • ARTICLES
    HUANG Anhui
    2007, 9(6): 116-119.
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    The informationization of geological hazard and control is a major social development trend.It is a social problem awaiting to be solved,that is,how to utilize the past experience and combine the latest science and technologies to achieve the informationization of geological hazard monitoring.According to the working experience and materials at hand,the author suggests that geological hazard can be predicted by combining the computer technology with the information obtained from satellite remote sensing,geology,geophysical and geochemical exploration,seismology,ground temperature,deep structure,regional metamorphism,and earth crust movement.
  • ARTICLES
    2007, 9(6): 120-128.
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