地球信息科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (7): 947-956.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.170633
收稿日期:
2017-12-26
修回日期:
2018-02-06
出版日期:
2018-07-20
发布日期:
2018-07-13
通讯作者:
胡宝清
E-mail:wangyu175@163.com;hbq1230@gxtc.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介:王 钰(1993-),女,广西北海人,硕士生,研究方向为脆弱性环境演变与生态安全。 E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2017-12-26
Revised:
2018-02-06
Online:
2018-07-20
Published:
2018-07-13
Contact:
HU Baoqing
E-mail:wangyu175@163.com;hbq1230@gxtc.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
流域作为人口、资源、资本都相对集中的水文单元,其生态系统结构的稳定性是区域社会经济发展的基础。流域在生态系统演变及人类频繁活动的共同胁迫下,生境敏感性增强,脆弱易损。本文以广西西江流域为例,通过对其生态脆弱性成因机制分析,依循“敏感性-压力度-恢复力”评估框架,选取11个指标构建完成流域生态脆弱性评价指标体系,以GIS技术为支撑,采用空间主成分分析法和差值法对生态脆弱性指数进行计算与分析,探究2000-2010年广西西江流域生态脆弱性时空变化特征。基于地理探测器的因子探测和交互探测模块分析各影响因子对流域生态脆弱性结果的解释力及因子交互作用对流域生境脆弱性变化的驱动机制。结果表明:① 2000-2010年,广西西江流域生态脆弱性指数多年平均值为0.69,整体处于中度脆弱状态。空间上,流域生态脆弱性表现为中部高于四周,由城市核心区往外逐步减弱的格局特征,研究时段内流域生态脆弱性综合指数多年平均值最大的为贵港市(3.40),最小的为百色市(2.23);时间上,10年间,流域整体生态脆弱性呈现轻微恶化的趋势,2005年流域中部及东部地区受高温影响,导致2005年流域生态脆弱性指数整体高于其他两年;② 6个因子对流域生态脆弱性的解释力强度为生物丰度指数(0.475)>高温季节温度(0.340)>植被覆盖度(0.211)>NPP(0.183)>降雨侵蚀力(0.098)>汛期降雨量(0.030),因子交互协同作用后对结果解释力增强。
王钰, 胡宝清. 西江流域生态脆弱性时空分异及其驱动机制研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(7): 947-956.
WANG Yu,HU Baoqing. Spatial and Temporal Differentiation of Ecological Vulnerability of Xijiang River in Guangxi and Its Driving Mechanism[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(7): 947-956.
表2
广西西江流域生态脆弱性分级标准"
脆弱性等级 | 生态脆弱性指数标准化值 | 脆弱程度 | 生态特征 |
---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | < 0.2 | 潜在脆弱 | 生态系统功能完整,对各类干扰敏感性弱,承受生态压力小,自我恢复能力强,无生态异常出现 |
Ⅱ | 0.2-0.4 | 微度脆弱 | 生态系统功能较为完善,对各类干扰敏感性较弱,承受生态压力较小,自我恢复能力强,存在潜在的生态异常 |
Ⅲ | 0.4-0.6 | 轻度脆弱 | 生态系统功能尚可维持,对各类干扰敏感性中等,承受生态压力接近阈值,自我恢复力较弱,出现少量生态异常 |
Ⅳ | 0.6-0.8 | 中度脆弱 | 生态系统功能部分退化,对各类干扰敏感性较强,承受生态压力较大,受损后恢复难度较大,生态异常较多 |
Ⅴ | > 0.8 | 重度脆弱 | 生态系统功能退化严重,对各类干扰敏感性强,承受生态压力大,受损后恢复难度极大,生态异常集中连片出现 |
表4
各主成分的特征值、贡献率及累计贡献率表"
年份 | 主成分系数 | 主成分 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | PC5 | ||
2000 | 特征值 λ | 0.0390 | 0.0219 | 0.0155 | 0.0095 | 0.0073 |
贡献率/% | 37.4154 | 21.0766 | 14.8903 | 9.1736 | 7.0614 | |
累计贡献率/% | 37.4154 | 58.4920 | 73.3823 | 82.5559 | 89.6173 | |
2005 | 特征值 λ | 0.0362 | 0.0198 | 0.0105 | 0.0087 | 0.0079 |
贡献率/% | 38.4644 | 20.9905 | 11.2189 | 9.2838 | 8.4047 | |
累计贡献率/% | 38.4644 | 59.4549 | 70.6738 | 79.9575 | 88.3623 | |
2010 | 特征值 λ | 0.0377 | 0.0224 | 0.0100 | 0.0089 | 0.0080 |
贡献率/% | 37.1375 | 22.0626 | 9.8852 | 8.7832 | 7.8885 | |
累计贡献率/% | 37.1375 | 59.2001 | 69.0854 | 77.8686 | 85.7570 |
表5
因子交互作用对广西西江流域生态脆弱性影响"
X1∩X2 | P(X1∩X2) | 判断 | 交互作用 |
---|---|---|---|
生物丰度指数(0.475)∩高温季节温度(0.340) | 0.676 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
生物丰度指数(0.475)∩汛期降雨量(0.030) | 0.505 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
生物丰度指数(0.475)∩NPP(0.183) | 0.518 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
生物丰度指数(0.475)∩降雨侵蚀力(0.098) | 0.530 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
生物丰度指数(0.475)∩植被覆盖度(0.211) | 0.529 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
高温季节温度(0.340)∩汛期降雨量(0.030) | 0.351 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
高温季节温度(0.340)∩NPP(0.183) | 0.533 | P(X1∩X2)>P(X1)+P(X2) | 非线性增强 |
高温季节温度(0.340)∩降雨侵蚀力(0.098) | 0.368 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
高温季节温度(0.340)∩植被覆盖度(0.211) | 0.475 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
汛期降雨量(0.030)∩NPP(0.183) | 0.230 | P(X1∩X2)>P(X1)+P(X2) | 非线性增强 |
汛期降雨量(0.030)∩降雨侵蚀力(0.098) | 0.125 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
汛期降雨量(0.030)∩植被覆盖度(0.211) | 0.234 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
NPP(0.183)∩降雨侵蚀力(0.098) | 0.286 | P(X1∩X2)>P(X1)+P(X2) | 非线性增强 |
NPP(0.183)∩植被覆盖度(0.211) | 0.314 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
降雨侵蚀力(0.098)∩植被覆盖度(0.211) | 0.281 | P(X1∩X2)>max(P(X1),P(X2)) | 双线性增强 |
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