基于DEM数字河网提取时集水面积阈值与河源密度关系的研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180109

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 1244-1251.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180109

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇下一篇

基于DEM数字河网提取时集水面积阈值与河源密度关系的研究

李照会^1,²(), 郭良^1,^2,^*(), 刘荣华^1,², 王雅莉^1,²

1. 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
2. 水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京 100038

收稿日期:2018-02-07 修回日期:2018-05-29 出版日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2018-09-25
作者简介:
作者简介：李照会（1992-）,女,硕士生,研究方向为小流域山洪预警。E-mail: lizhaohui2030@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFB0203104）;中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项（JZ0145B042016）;国家自然科学基金面上项目（51579131）;中国博士后科学基金项目（2017M620839）

The Relationship Between the Threshold of Catchment Area for Extraction of Digital River Network from DEM and the River Source Density

LI Zhaohui^1,²(), GUO Liang^1,^2,^*(), LIU Ronghua^1,², WANG Yali^1,²

1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
2. Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China

Received:2018-02-07 Revised:2018-05-29 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-09-25
Contact: GUO Liang
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China, No.2017YFB0203104;IWHR Research & Development Support Program, No. JZ0145B042016;National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.51579131;Sponsored Project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.2017M620839.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以研究区3030个流域水文数据为基础,利用数字高程模型（DEM）并运用非线性拟合法分析中小流域集水面积阈值与河源密度的相关关系,分析集水面积阈值与河源密度的幂函数关系可得,幂指数a近似为-1,拟合公式常系数k具有区域分布特征,反映了不同地区的河网发育程度,k值越大,河源密度越大,河网越密集,河网发育程度越高。对河源密度随集水面积阈值的变化趋势进行分析,发现2个具有统计意义的阈值临界点,分别为河源从坡面到沟道及从沟道到河道的集水面积分界点,在研究区内选择不同k值区间的贡曲流域、辰清河流域和藤条江流域作为样本流域,利用样本流域数字正射影像（DOM）手工提取其沟谷河网及主河道河网的图形信息和水文信息,并与分界点处阈值提取的河网作对比,将分析得出的河网密度相对误差率作为检验标准,对临界点的物理意义进行检验。

关键词: DEM, 数字河网提取, 河源密度, 集水面积阈值, 幂函数

Abstract:

The relationship between the threshold of catchment area for extraction of river network from digital elevation model (DEM) and the density of river source was analyzed by nonlinear fitting method, using 3030 river basins chosen as study areas. The results showed that the relationship between threshold of catchment area and density of river source was a power function relationship, and the power exponent was approximately -1, which could be regarded as an inverse function. The constant coefficient k in fitting formula indicates the development degree. The larger the k value, the more the river sources per unit, the denser the river network, and the better the development of the watershed. Across China from north to south, and from east to west, the value of the coefficient k was gradually increased. The coefficient k has the maximum value in the area where the climate is humid, the slope is large, and the landform is broken. On the contrary, a minimum value was observed in the dry, wetted, flat area. According to the statistics, the mode of k appeared in the mountainous areas of the south Yangtze River. Two threshold demarcation points were discovered by analyzing the variation of the river source density with the increase of the catchment area. The two threshold demarcation points could be considered as the critical points of watershed area for watershed delineation from DEM, which can be used to distinguish the slope, the channel, and the channel and the river, respectively. According to the distribution interval of k, Gongqu river basin, Chenqing River basin and Tengtiao River basin were selected as the sample catchments. Based on the Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), graphical information and hydrological information of the river network of the valley, the main river networks were extracted in the sample catchments. The physical meaning of the threshold demarcation points was tested by using the relative error rate of the river network density which was obtained from the analytical data. The results showed that the error of the boundary points was less than 10%. According to the dividing point of the relation curve between the catchment area threshold and the river source density, the confluence calculation method zonation of different river basin for geomorphologic unit hydrograph derivation could be ascertained.

Key words: DEM, Digital river network exaction, river source density, catchment area threshold, power function

李照会, 郭良, 刘荣华, 王雅莉. 基于DEM数字河网提取时集水面积阈值与河源密度关系的研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(9): 1244-1251.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180109

LI Zhaohui,GUO Liang,LIU Ronghua,WANG Yali. The Relationship Between the Threshold of Catchment Area for Extraction of Digital River Network from DEM and the River Source Density[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(9): 1244-1251.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180109

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流域名称	拟合式系数k值	流域面积/km²	趋势分界点一阈值（网格数）	趋势分界点二阈值（网格数）
贡曲流域	606.75	939.82	600	2400
辰清河流域	359.40	1264.12	800	2600
藤条江流域	9.26	1068.46	1000	2800

流域名称	贡曲流域	辰清河流域	藤条江流域
分界点一处阈值的河网密度	0.997	0.903	0.857
沟谷河网密度	1.034	0.943	0.906
分界点二处阈值的河网密度	0.548	0.573	0.506
主河道河网密度	0.561	0.582	0.514
分界点一的相对误差/%	-3.6	-4.2	-5.4
分界点二的相对误差/%	-2.3	-1.5	-1.6

基于DEM数字河网提取时集水面积阈值与河源密度关系的研究

The Relationship Between the Threshold of Catchment Area for Extraction of Digital River Network from DEM and the River Source Density

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