北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180216

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 107-117.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180216

• 地理大数据时空模式挖掘的方法与应用研究 • 上一篇下一篇

北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究

孟斌¹(), 黄松¹, 尹芹²

1. 北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京 100191
2. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048

收稿日期:2018-04-30 修回日期:2018-11-19 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
作者简介:
作者简介：孟斌(1971-),男,安徽肥东人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事城市地理和地理信息科学研究。E-mail:mengbin@buu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41671165）;北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划高水平创新团队建设计划项目（IDHT20180515）

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Residents' Depart Times Elasticity in Beijing

Bin MENG^1,^*(), Song HUANG¹, Qin YIN²

1. College of Arts and Science of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
2. College of Environment and Planning, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Received:2018-04-30 Revised:2018-11-19 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
Contact: Bin MENG E-mail:mengbin@buu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41671165;Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality, No.IDHT20180515

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随城市转型进程的加快,交通需求不断膨胀,导致大城市交通拥堵日趋严重,以调节出行者的选择行为为核心要素的交通需求管理理念成为相关政策的重要理论基础,但现有研究也表明,交通需求管理对出行弹性较高的出行具有显著调节作用,而对出行弹性较低的出行调节作用并不明显。因此,加强出行弹性等居民出行行为研究日益迫切,而公交刷卡数据等新的时空数据为居民复杂出行行为的挖掘提供了新的契机。本文利用北京市2014年3月地铁刷卡数据,以出行者出发时刻的可变性来测度出发时间选择的可改变程度,对居民地铁出行出发时间选择弹性进行测度,并结合GIS空间分析技术对其时空分布特征进行分析。研究表明：① 北京市地铁出行的居民出行弹性平均值为0.521,出发时间选择弹性整体上较大,表明北京居民出发时间选择相对较为灵活;② 北京市居民地铁出行弹性存在时空差异,居民个体休息日出行弹性高于工作日,一天中高峰时段出行弹性高于非高峰时段;③ 居民出行弹性存在空间自相关,倾向于在空间上发生集聚,存在明显的冷热点区域;内城居民的出行弹性明显高于城市外围居民。

关键词: 出发时间弹性, 地铁出行, 时空特征, 地铁刷卡数据, 北京

Abstract:

With the acceleration of the urbanization, residents' traffic demand has been continuously increasing, resulting in increasingly severe traffic congestion in large cities. The concept of traffic demand management(TDM） has become an important theoretical basis for relevant policies, but the existing research also shows that TDM has a significant adjustment effect on travel with higher flexibility, while the regulation of travel with lower flexibility is not obvious.Research on mobility behaviors such as travel flexibility has become increasingly urgent, and the new spatio-temporal data, such as smart traffic card data, has provided new opportunities to explore the complex of the residents' travel behavior. Travel elasticity refers to the traveler’s preference for the choice of decision variables over a long period of time. It is the selected probability and discreteness of the selection in the travel decision. It is usually used to measure the room for changes in the travel choice behavior, including time elasticity, travel mode flexibility, route flexibility, fare elasticity, etc. In this paper, we measured the travel elasticity of the residents' departure time who takes the subway to work and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution features based on the smart traffic card data of residents in Beijing in March 2014. The results showed: (1) The average travel elasticity of residents in Beijing who go to work by subway is 0.521. It shows that the overall travel of residents is still relatively flexible, and it also confirms the effectiveness of this research method in revealing the characteristics of residents' travel behavior. (2) There are spatial and temporal differences in the flexibility of Beijing residents. The elasticity of the individual's is higher in the rest days than that of the working day. The elasticity during the peak hours is higher than that in off-peak hours. (3) There are also spatial agglomerations of travel flexibility. Travel elasticity has spatial autocorrelation, tends to agglomerate in space, and there are obvious hot spot areas. At the same time ,the inner city residents' travel flexibility is significantly higher than that of the outskirts of the city.

Key words: depart times elasticity, subway travel, spatio-temporal features, smart traffic card data, Beijing

孟斌, 黄松, 尹芹. 北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(1): 107-117.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180216

Bin MENG, Song HUANG, Qin YIN. Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Residents' Depart Times Elasticity in Beijing[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(1): 107-117.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180216

图/表 12

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卡号	日期	星期	进站			出站			通勤时间
卡号	日期	星期	时间	线路	站点	时间	线路	站点	通勤时间
00***44	19	星期三	7:26:00	1	8	8:04:01	1	22	0:38:01
00***56	18	星期二	6:25:00	13	41	7:21:49	94	29	0:56:49
21***65	12	星期三	7:14:00	96	27	8:10:26	9	27	0:56:26
32***34	9	星期天	7:33:00	13	45	7:40:49	13	49	0:07:49
86***06	27	星期四	7:10:00	95	39	8:49:10	13	45	1:39:10

	全体样本	工作日样本	休息日样本
卡号出现频数/次	≥20	≥15	≥6
星期	星期一至星期天	星期一至星期五	星期六、星期天
进站时间	[5:00:00 , 10:00:00]	[5:00:00 , 10:00:00]	[5:00:00 , 10:00:00]
通勤时间	[3 min , 2 h]	[3 min , 2 h]	[3 min , 2 h]
样本记录数/条	9 153 036	7 826 079	571 572
样本人数/人	417 321	400 206	72 965

弹性值	弹性等级	意义	出发时间范围/min
完全刚性(0)	1	对1个选择肢具有刚性需求（或显著偏好）	(0,5 ]
	2	对某2个选择肢的并集具有刚性需求（或偏好）,且不是等级1	(5,10 ]
	3	对某4个选择肢的并集具有刚性需求（或偏好）,且不是等级1或2	(10,20 ]
	4	对某6个选择肢的并集具有刚性需求（或偏好）,且不是等级1或2或3	(20,30 ]
完全弹性(1)	5	以上4种情况外的出行	>30

数据集总人数/人	卡号	刷卡总次数/次	K(D)	进站时间（平均值）	出站时间（平均值）	通勤时间（平均值）	进站站点	出站站点
全体样本(417 321人)	460**115	24	0.592	7:23:23	7:59:04	0:35:41	9059	645
	164**510	21	0.617	7:29:34	8:04:40	0:35:06	1335	433
	000**244	24	0.628	7:34:15	8:16:23	0:42:08	18	122
	000**932	21	0.479	7:27:17	7:44:38	0:17:21	27	643
	000**912	20	0.396	6:31:00	7:14:53	0:43:53	521	218
工作日样本 (400 206人)	046**115	21	0.561	7:19:43	7:55:55	0:36:12	9059	645
	520**567	20	0.449	7:29:06	8:12:55	0:43:49	523	643
	823**711	18	0.491	8:20:23	8:32:10	0:11:47	1027	1035
	100**982	17	0.548	8:36:18	8:53:55	0:17:37	559	545
	138**755	21	0.550	7:44:31	8:15:55	0:31:24	819	839
休息日样本 (72 965人)	489**451	7	0.353	6:32:09	7:35:18	1:03:09	621	9627
	899**448	8	0.583	7:13:37	7:43:06	0:29:29	1343	529
	879**668	9	0.652	8:31:00	8:56:18	0:25:18	445	465
	504**812	9	0.586	8:20:07	8:58:05	0:37:58	813	9429

弹性等级	A情况：P_i≥ 80%的条件			B情况：P_i≥ 90%的条件
弹性等级	弹性等级区间	人数/人	占比/%	弹性等级区间	人数	占比/%
1	[0 , 0.203]	7 927	1.90	[0 , 0.102]	2 576	0.62
2	(0.203 , 0.444]	98 053	23.50	(0.102 , 0.371]	52 020	12.47
3	(0.444 , 0.617]	208 300	49.91	(0.371 , 0.565]	190 771	45.71
4	(0.617 , 0.696]	76 364	18.30	(0.565 , 0.653]	108 288	25.95
5	(0.696 , 1]	26 677	6.39	(0.653, 1]	63 666	15.26

北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Residents' Depart Times Elasticity in Beijing

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参考文献 27

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进站时间	全体样本		工作日样本		休息日样本
进站时间	人数/人	平均K(D)	人数/人	平均K(D)	人数/人	平均K(D)
5:00-5:30	508	0.305	574	0.291	344	0.289
5:30-6:00	3399	0.374	3580	0.352	1868	0.350
6:00-6:30	11 509	0.432	12 304	0.402	4367	0.415
6:30-7:00	33 377	0.461	35 390	0.432	7626	0.448
7:00-7:30	72 421	0.494	73 270	0.467	10 092	0.478
7:30-8:00	116 454	0.519	111 270	0.493	14 504	0.489
8:00-8:30	105 008	0.542	95 643	0.516	15 646	0.501
8:30-9:00	53 073	0.566	48 108	0.542	11 112	0.514
9:00-9:30	19 185	0.572	17 728	0.554	6164	0.505
9:30-10:00	2387	0.534	2339	0.523	1242	0.465

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