基于夜间灯光数据的中国经济发展时空格局特征

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180569

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统掌握经济发展的时空格局特征能为制定经济发展战略提供决策支持。目前对经济发展时空格局的研究主要依靠统计数据。然而统计数据存在口径不统一、空间分辨率低等缺点,难以精准刻画经济发展的格局特征。夜间灯光数据具有易获取、覆盖范围广、与人类社会经济活动高度关联的优点,可以作为经济发展水平的代理变量。本文以DMSP/OLS（Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System）夜间灯光数据为基础,利用重心、标准差椭圆以及局部莫兰指数等空间分析工具从不同尺度、角度探究中国经济发展的时空格局特征。研究发现：① 2003-2013年,中国经济重心不断向东南方向移动,且移动距离呈逐年减少趋势,说明东部与内陆区域经济体量存在差异,但是差异水平正逐渐减小。中国经济的标准差椭圆范围不断扩大但是扁率减小,说明中国经济总量不断提升,但整体集聚度有所下降。同时椭圆的方向角不断向东偏转,与经济重心朝东南方向移动的结果吻合。② 高高聚集和低低聚集是中国经济发展最明显的2种类型。高高聚集区会辐射带动周边区域发展,这一特点在山东半岛和长江三角洲最明显,低低聚集主要分布在西部和东北欠发达地区。2003-2013年间,低低聚集范围有所减少,由连片分布变为局部聚集。本研究基于夜间灯光数据揭示了2003-2013年中国经济发展的时空格局特征,为制定宏观经济战略提供决策支持。

关键词: 夜间灯光数据, 经济发展, 时空格局, 特征研究, 中国

Abstract:

Knowledge on the spatio-temporal pattern of economy development can effectively help inform policy on economy. Most current studies on spatio-temporal pattern in economic development mainly rely on statistical data. However, these statistical data have disadvantages such as lacking of consistently statistical standard and low spatial resolution. These shortcomings prevent the use of statistical data to accurately describe the real pattern of economic development. Nightlight data covers the most surface on the earth, and it is available with free of charge. Moreover, the nightlight data is highly related to socio-economic activities, so it can be used as a proxy variable to study human activities. Based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nightlight data, three methods including gravity center, standard deviation ellipse, and local Moran'I were used in this study to explore the spatio-temporal pattern in Chinese economic development at different scales. The results showed that: (1) Chinese economic gravity center moved to the southeast from 2003 to 2013, but the moving distance was reduced year by year. These results indicated that there existed an economic gap between eastern region and inland region, but the gap was reduced gradually in these periods. The ellipse's extent of standard deviation in Chinese economy expanded, but its oblateness decreased from 2003 to 2013. This implies that the total volume of Chinese economy continued to rais, however, the spatial pattern became locally aggregated gradually. Besides, the direction angle of Chinese economy's standard deviation ellipse deflected to the east in these periods, which agrees with the result that the economic gravity center moved to the southeast. (2) High-high and low-low clustered areas were the two most obvious features of Chinese economy.

Key words: nightlight data, economy development, spatio-temporal pattern, characteristic studying, China

李翔, 朱江, 尹向东. 基于夜间灯光数据的中国经济发展时空格局特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(3): 417-426.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180569

Xiang LI, Jiang ZHU, Xiangdong YIN. Spatio-temporal Pattern of Chinese Economy Development based on Nightlight Data[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(3): 417-426.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180569

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数据类型	数据名称	数据来源	比例尺/分辨率	数据时间
矢量数据	地市级行政区划	国家基础地理信息中心	1:400万	2017年
栅格数据	DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据	美国国家海洋和大气管理局	1 km	2003-2013年
栅格数据	MODIS数据	美国国家航空航天局	1 km	2003-2013年
统计数据	地区生产总值（GDP）	各省市统计年鉴	-	2003-2013年

年份	长轴长度/km	短轴长度/km	椭圆面积/km²	方向角/°	扁率
2003	2414	622	2 057 585	18.65	3.87
2008	2563	682	2 396 771	19.62	3.75
2013	2701	740	2 713 679	20.04	3.64