基于改进引力模型的广场公园可达性研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180622

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (10): 1518-1526.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180622

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇下一篇

基于改进引力模型的广场公园可达性研究

董小刚^1,^2,³,乔庆华^4,^5,^*(),翟亮^4,⁵,孙立^1,^2,³,甄云鹏⁶

^1. 兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州 730070
^2. 地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,兰州 730070
^3. 甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,兰州 730070
^4. 中国测绘科学研究院,北京100830
^5. 地球观测与时空信息科学国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,北京 100830
^6. 武汉市测绘研究院,武汉 430022

收稿日期:2018-12-03 修回日期:2019-05-15 出版日期:2019-10-25 发布日期:2019-10-29
通讯作者: 乔庆华 E-mail:qiaoqh@casm.ac.cn
作者简介:董小刚（1993-）,男,甘肃定西人,硕士生,主要研究方向为空间数据分析及地理国情监测。E-mail: 1356714115@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0503502);基本科研业务费项目(7771728);基本科研业务费项目(7771820);国家自然科学基金项目(41701213);兰州交通大学优秀平台支持项目(201806)

Evaluating the Accessibility of Plaza Park Using the Gravity Model

DONG Xiaogang^1,^2,³,QIAO Qinghua^4,^5,^*(),ZHAI Liang^4,⁵,SUN Li^1,^2,³,ZHEN Yunpeng⁶

^1. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
^2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China
^3. Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China
^4. Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China
^5. Key Laboratory of Earth Observation and Geospatial Information Science of NASG, Beijing 100830, China
^6. Wuhan geomatics institute, Wuhan 430042, China

Received:2018-12-03 Revised:2019-05-15 Online:2019-10-25 Published:2019-10-29
Contact: QIAO Qinghua E-mail:qiaoqh@casm.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0503502);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(7771728);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(7771820);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701213);Funded by Lanzhou Jiaotong University Excellent Platform(201806)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化的迅速发展使越来越多的自然环境被城市建筑所代替,随着居民生活水平的逐渐提升,居民开始越来越关注广场公园的休闲游憩功能,广场公园的可达性逐渐成为现代人选择居住小区的重要指标之一,如何客观真实地评价广场公园的可达性是学者们长期关注的问题之一。本文分析了距离摩擦系数β从0.6~2.2以步长为0.2变化时对可达性结果的影响,同时为了准确测定广场公园的可达性,将旅游域模型的思想首次应用至可达性研究中,对引力模型中的距离衰减系数β进行估计,最后以武汉市中心城区为例进行验证。结果表明：① 距离摩擦系数β较小的变化将对可达性结果产生较大的影响,随着β的增加可达性计算值出现最大值越来越大、最小值越来越小、标准差越来越大的现象;② 基于旅游域模型的思想构建参数估计方法并选取5组不同实验对引力模型中的距离摩擦系数β进行估算,最终通过求取不同实验组的均值得β=1.70时的可达性评价结果更加可靠;③ 通过武汉市中心城区广场公园可达性的实例验证,结果表明优化后的模型在考虑广场公园规模与人口规模影响因子的同时,可以充分体现广场公园吸引力在距离衰减上的变化,更加客观真实地评价广场公园的可达性。

关键词: 可达性, 引力模型, 旅游域模型, 距离摩擦系数, 武汉市

Abstract:

More and more natural environment has been replaced by buildings during the rapid urbanization. However, with the increasing living standards, residents have been paying growing attention to the leisure recreation function of plaza park. Therefore, the accessibility of plaza park has gradually become one of the important indicators for modern people to make their housing choices. But how to objectively and realistically evaluate the accessibility of plaza park is one of the long-term concerns for scholars. Based on previous studies, this article used the gravity model to analyze the influence of the distance friction coefficient on the accessibility evaluation. Importantly, the sensitivity of the evaluation was assessed with the step size of β changing with 0.2 from 0.6 to 2.2. Meanwhile, to further determine accurately the distance friction coefficient β, the idea of tourism domain model was applied for the first time in the accessibility study, for estimating the distance friction coefficient β in the gravity model. Lastly, the accessibility of plaza park was evaluated by a case study in downtown Wuhan. Results show that the distance friction coefficient β is an important parameter in the gravity model. A small change in the friction coefficient β has a great impact on the result of accessibility evaluation. As β increased, the maximum value of the evaluated accessibility became larger and larger, the minimum value became smaller and smaller, and the standard deviation also became larger and larger. It is very important to select the appropriate distance friction coefficient in the gravity model; different β values determine whether the evaluation results are good or not. Therefore, the method of estimating the distance friction coefficient β was constructed based on the idea of tourism domain model method, this paper conducted five experiments to estimate the distance friction coefficient β in the gravity model. Finally, the distance friction coefficient β was obtained by calculating the mean value of different experimental groups. The result of accessibility evaluation is more reliable when β=1.70. The proposed methodology was demonstrated through a case study of the central city plaza park in Wuhan. The results show that the optimized model can fully reflect the change of the attraction of plaza park in distance attenuation. The model fully considers the scale of plaza park and the influence of population scales, which can make a true and objective evaluation of the accessibility of plaza park.

Key words: accessibility, gravity model, tourist domain model, distance friction coefficient, Wuhan

董小刚,乔庆华,翟亮,孙立,甄云鹏. 基于改进引力模型的广场公园可达性研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(10): 1518-1526.

DONG Xiaogang,QIAO Qinghua,ZHAI Liang,SUN Li,ZHEN Yunpeng. Evaluating the Accessibility of Plaza Park Using the Gravity Model[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(10): 1518-1526.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

图3

表2

图4

表3

图5

表4

图6

表5

表6

参考文献 23

[1]	翟萌, 卢新卫, 龚文姣 , 等. 西安市近十年空气质量变化趋势及治理成效分析[J]. 江西农业学报, 2009,21(12):173-175.
	[ Zhai M, Lu X W, Gong W J , et al. Changeable trend and management effectiveness analysis of air quality in Xi'an City in last decade[J]. Acta Agriculture Jiangxi, 2009,21(12):173-175. ]
[2]	陶晓丽, 陈明星, 张文忠 , 等. 城市公园的类型划分及其与功能的关系分析——以北京市城市公园为例[J]. 地理研究, 2013,32(10):1964-76.
	[ Tao X L, Chen M X, Zhang W Z , et al. Classification and its relationship with the functional analysis of urban parks: Taking Beijing as an example[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(10):1964-1976. ]
[3]	谭少华, 赵万民 . 城市公园绿地社会功能研究[J]. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2007,29(5):6-10.
	[ Tan S H, Zhao W M . Social and psychological benefit of urban green space[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2007,29(5):6-10. ]
[4]	Neuvonen M, Sievänen T, Tönnes S , et al. Access to green areas and the frequency of visits: A case study in Helsinki[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2007,6(4):235-247.
[5]	Erkip F . The distribution of urban public services: The case of parks and recreational services in Ankara[J]. Cities, 1997,14(6):353-361.
[6]	Pooler J A . The use of spatial separation in the measurement of transportation accessibility[J]. Transportation Research, Part A (Policy and Practice), 1995,29(6):421-427.
[7]	Hansen W G . How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1959,25(2):73-76.
[8]	俞孔坚, 段铁武, 李迪华 , 等. 景观可达性作为衡量城市绿地系统功能指标的评价方法与案例[J]. 城市规划, 1999,23(8):8-11.
	[ Yu K J, Duan T W, Li D H , et al. Landscape accessibility as a measurement of the function of urban green system[J]. City Planning, 1999,23(8):8-11. ]
[9]	尹海伟, 孔繁花, 宗跃光 . 城市绿地可达性与公平性评价[J]. 生态学报, 2008,28(7):3375-3383.
	[ Yin H W, Kong F H, Zong Y G . Accessibility and equity assessment on urban green space[J]. ActaEcologicaSinica, 2008,28(7):3375-3383. ]
[10]	李小马, 刘常富 . 基于网络分析的沈阳城市公园可达性和服务[J]. 生态学报, 2008,29(3):1554-62.
	[ Li X M, Liu C F . Accessibility and service of Shenyang's urban parks by network analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,29(3):1554-62. ]
[11]	Jim C Y, Chen W Y . Recreation-amenity use and contingent valuation of urban greenspaces in Guangzhou, China[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006,75(1-2):81-96.
[12]	Turel H S, Yigit E M, Altug I . Evaluation of elderly people's requirements in public open spaces: A case study in Bornova District (Izmir, Turkey)[J]. Building & Environment, 2007,42(5):2035-2045.
[13]	刘常富, 李小马, 韩东 . 城市公园可达性研究——方法与关键问题[J]. 生态学报, 2010,30(19):5381-5390.
	[ Liu C F, Li X M . Accessibility analysis of urban parks: Methods and key issues[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010,30(19):5381-5390. ]
[14]	张娜娜, 李思远, 张永霖 , 等. 北京西城区住区居民的公园绿地可达性分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015,38(S2):387-391.
	[ Zhang N N, Li S Y, Zhang Y L , et al. The Parkland accessibility analysis of Beijing Xicheng district settlements residents[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,38(S2):387-391. ]
[15]	施拓, 李俊英, 李英 , 等. 沈阳市城市公园绿地可达性分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016,35(5):1345-50.
	[ Shi T, Li J Y, Li Y , et al. Analysis of urban park accessibility in Shenyang City[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016,35(5):1345-1350. ]
[16]	宋正娜, 陈雯 . 基于潜能模型的医疗设施空间可达性评价方法[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009,28(6):848-854. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.003
	[ Song Z N, Chen W . Measuring spatial accessibility to health care facilities based on potential model[J]. Progress in Geography, 2009,28(6):848-854. ] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.003
[17]	李孟桐, 杨令宾, 魏冶 . 高斯两步移动搜索法的模型研究——以上海市绿地可达性为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016,35(8):990-996.
	[ Li M, Yang L, Wei Y . Improved Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area method: A case study of green space accessibility in Shanghai[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016,35(8):990-996. ]
[18]	王法辉 . 基于GIS的数量方法与应用[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2009.
	[ Wang F H. Quantitative methods applications in GIS[M]. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2009. ]
[19]	刘继生, 陈彦光 . 分形城市引力模型的一般形式和应用方法——关于城市体系空间作用的引力理论探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2000,20(6):528-533.
	[ Liu J S, Chen Y G . The gravitational models of franctal cities: Theoretical basis and applied methods[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2000,20(6):528-533. ]
[20]	陶卓霖, 程杨, 戴特奇 , 等. 北京市养老设施空间可达性评价[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014,33(5):616-624. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.05.003
	[ Tao Z L, Cheng Y, Dai T Q , et al. Measuring spatial accessibility to residential care facilities in Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 2014,33(5):616-624. ] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.05.003
[21]	Peeters D, Thomas I . Distance predicting functions and applied location-allocation models[J]. Journal of Geographical Systems, 2000,2(2):167-184.
[22]	王瑛 . 旅游业空间决策支持系统:模型与系统设计[D]. 北京:北京师范大学, 1999.
	[ Wang Y . Tourism spatial decision support system: Models and system design[D]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University, 1999. ]
[23]	王铮, 蒋轶红, 王瑛 , 等. 旅游域模型及其结合GIS的应用[J]. 旅游学刊, 2002,17(2):57-62.
	[ Wang Z, Jiang Y H, Wang Y , et al. Tourism area model and the applications based on GIS[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2002,17(2):57-62. ]

	可达性等级
	极好	较好	一般	较差	不可达
可达性值A	A>9	7<A≤9	5<A≤7	3<A≤5	A≤3

β值	极好	较好	一般	较差	不可达
0.6	0.35	37.12	58.99	3.55	0.00
0.8	2.95	36.27	52.01	8.77	0.00
1.0	7.95	31.93	43.62	15.37	1.13
1.2	13.17	25.68	38.34	20.77	2.04
1.4	15.27	20.52	34.29	26.78	3.14
1.6	15.18	16.37	31.55	31.46	5.44
1.8	14.74	12.60	26.30	33.41	12.95
2.0	13.14	8.08	20.55	35.80	22.44
2.2	12.38	4.68	15.05	33.60	34.29

β值	最小值	最大值	标准差	均值
0.6	3.92	10.99	0.95	6.68
0.8	3.18	14.36	1.30	6.65
1.0	2.54	23.23	1.75	6.66
1.2	1.99	42.28	2.54	6.69
1.4	1.53	80.73	4.15	6.78
1.6	1.13	164.07	7.32	6.95
1.8	0.81	329.49	12.97	7.22
2.0	0.56	571.95	21.82	7.64
2.2	0.38	788.10	34.55	8.29

组号	小区a	小区b	计算β值	平均β
1	A1	A2	1.68	1.70
2	B1	B2	1.71
3	C1	C2	1.72
4	D1	D2	1.69
5	E1	E2	1.70

	极好	较好	一般	较差	不可达
社区数/个	489	451	955	998	289
占比/%	15.37	14.17	30.01	31.36	9.08

基于改进引力模型的广场公园可达性研究

Evaluating the Accessibility of Plaza Park Using the Gravity Model

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 23

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10

	极好	较好	一般	较差	不可达	一般以上
武昌区	18.51	11.91	30.63	26.94	12.01	61.05
汉阳区	8.08	7.47	19.29	40.31	24.85	34.84
江汉区	14.78	28.38	47.67	7.78	1.39	90.83
硚口区	4.12	3.23	45.12	44.54	2.99	52.47
江岸区	23.34	18.91	16.71	37.83	3.21	58.96

[1]	刘晓慧,刘永伟,蔡菲,樊文平. 面向时空可达性的城市应急医疗机构推荐方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(9): 1411-1419.
[2]	蔡博文,王树根,王磊,邵振峰. 基于深度学习模型的城市高分辨率遥感影像不透水面提取[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(9): 1420-1429.
[3]	陈杰, 李昂, 符峥, 李思倩, 王结臣. 公交模式对公共服务设施可达性的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(7): 983-993.
[4]	樊智宇, 詹庆明, 刘慧民, 杨晨, 夏宇. 武汉市夏季城市热岛与不透水面增温强度时空分布[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(2): 226-235.
[5]	傅俐,王勇,曾彪,毛泳,高敏. 基于改进两步移动搜索法的北碚区医疗设施空间可达性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(10): 1565-1575.
[6]	寇培颖, 牛铮, 刘正佳, 李旺. 基于自发地理信息的“一带一路”区域陆路交通状况分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(8): 1074-1082.
[7]	王莹莹, 王英杰, 戈大专, 李代超, 张生瑞, 张桐艳, 方雷, 戚均慧. 典型贫困山区旅游景点可达性评价方法研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(7): 957-966.
[8]	张乾, 闫浩文, 张黎明, 何毅. 基于空间关系的海上应急救援力量调度模型[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(6): 772-780.
[9]	但文羽, 肖映辉, 胡周灵, 詹庆明. 基于高斯两步移动搜寻法的村镇避难场所可达性研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(10): 1412-1421.
[10]	丁愫, 陈报章. 城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(2): 185-196.
[11]	胡华龙, 李建松, 蒋子龙, 秦思娴, 程琦, 邵炜璇. 基于地理国情监测数据的城市停车位与潜力估算方法研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(10): 1287-1297.
[12]	戚铭尧, 吴涛, 张新. 车辆路径问题：从时间地理学的视角[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(1): 22-30.
[13]	肖京格, 周廷刚, 姚林虎, 廖莎, 何惠丽. 重庆市交通网络的可达性时空特征及其演化规律[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(1): 54-61.
[14]	翟瀚, 陈洁, 陆锋, 张晶. 群体互动时空可达性评价模型[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014, 16(6): 859-866.
[15]	潘竟虎, 戴维丽. 基于空间场-水文模型的城市影响腹地界定及其空间演变分析——以河南省地级城市为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014, 16(5): 754-761.