南方亚热带季风区将乐县森林植被动态变化及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180686

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变化背景下,植被动态变化以及植被对气候变化的响应方式已经成为生态学和地理学领域的热点。本文对比分析了南方亚热带季风区将乐县不同类型森林植被对不同时间尺度的干旱响应的差别。基于2000-2017年MODIS-EVI数据及气象站点数据,用最大值合成法、趋势分析法以及相关分析法,分析了森林植被及气象因子的动态变化特征,并对比不同森林植被对气候变化响应的差别。研究表明：① 2000-2017年,研究区植被覆盖度、EVI和降水均显著增加,区域内湿度增加,森林长势渐趋良好;② EVI在生长季初期和末期与同期的降水、温度均显著正相关（P<0.1）,初期森林受降水因子的影响更大,末期受温度因子的影响大;③ 1-3月和周年的气候变化对森林的生长至关重要,长时间尺度的湿度增加对森林生长具有显著的促进作用,SPEI的时间尺度越长与EVI的相关性也越大;④ 针阔混交林与同期温度、降水的相关系数最高,并且与不同时间尺度的SPEI相关性均比较高,属于气候敏感型林型,在生产经营中要谨慎预防气候变化对该林型带来的伤害;⑤ 森林覆盖度变化与降水和SPEI_24的相关性极显著,长时间尺度的降水变化是影响森林植被覆盖率变化的重要因素之一。

关键词: 森林植被类型, MODIS-EVI, 气象因素, 变化趋势, 相关性分析, 南方亚热带季风区, 将乐县

Abstract:

Vegetation dynamics and responses to climate change is a hot research topic in the fields of ecology and geography. This paper analyzed and compared the difference in the response of different forest vegetation to different time scales in a Southern subtropical monsoon region. We assessed the dynamics characteristics of forest vegetation and relevant meteorological factors, analyzed the differences in the response of different forest vegetation to climate change. We used the 2000-2017 MODIS-EVI data and meteorological site data, and conducted the maximum value composite (MVC), liner trends, and correlation analyses. We have five major findings. Firstly, in the 18 years, the forest vegetation coverage, EVI, precipitation, and humidity increased significantly, indicating that the forest vegetation has been growing better. Secondly, at the beginning and end of the growing season, there was a significant positive correlation (p<0.1) between EVI and precipitation, so was temperature. At the beginning of the growing season, EVI was more affected by precipitation; while at the end of the growing season, it was more affected by temperature. Thirdly, climate change in the January to March and over the whole year is critically important to forest growth. With increasing time scale, the correlation with EVI and SPEI also increased. The increase of humidity on long-term scales has a positive effect on forest growth. Fourthly, broadleaf-conifer mixed forests have larger correlation coefficients with EVI and meteorological factors than other forest types do. Their correlation with SPEI at different time scales is relatively larger than with meteorological factors. Broadleaf-conifer mixed forests are climate-sensitive; more attention should be paid to their production and management to prevent damages induced by climate change. Fifthly, the correlations of forest cover change with precipitation and with SPEI_24 are extremely significant, indicating that the long-term precipitation change is an important factor affecting the change of forest vegetation coverage.

Key words: forest vegetation type, MODIS-EVI, meteorological factors, change trend, correlation analysis, Southern Subtropical Monsoon Region, Jiangle county

左冰洁, 孙玉军. 南方亚热带季风区将乐县森林植被动态变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(6): 958-968.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180686

Bingjie ZUO, Yujun SUN. Forest Vegetation Dynamics and Responses to Climate Change in a Southern Subtropical Monsoon Region in Jangle County[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(6): 958-968.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180686

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

表3

图5

表4

参考文献 42

[1]	Sun H, Wang C, Zheng N, et al.Analysis of the vegetation cover change and the relationship between NDVI and environmental factors by using NOAA time series data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998,266(2):153-161.
[2]	吴庆标,王效科,段晓男,等.中国森林生态系统植被固碳现状和潜力[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):517-524
	[ Wu Q B, Wang X K, Duan X N, et al.Carbon sequestration and its potential by forest ecosystems in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(2):517-524. ]
[3]	李红军,郑力,雷玉平,等.基于EOS/MODIS数据的NDVI与EVI比较研究[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(1):26-32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.2007.01.003
	[ Li H J, Zheng L, Lei Y P, et al.Comparison of NDVI and EVI based on EOS/MODIS data[J]. Progress in Geography, 2007,26(1):26-32. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.2007.01.003
[4]	张晓东,朱文博,张静静,等.伏牛山地森林植被物候及其对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2018,73(1):41-53
	[ Zhang X D, Zhu W B, Zhang J J, et al.Phenology of forest vegetation and its response to climate change in the Funiu Mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(1): 41-53. ]
[5]	张戈丽,徐兴良,周才平,等.近30年来呼伦贝尔地区草地植被变化对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):47-58
	[ Zhang G L, Xu X L, Zhou C P, et al.Responses of vegetation changes to climate variations Hulun Buir grassland in past 30 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011,66(1):47-58. ]
[6]	于信芳,庄大方.基于MODIS NDVI数据的东北森林物候期监测[J].资源科学,2006,28(4):111-117
	[ Yu X F, Zhuang D F.Monitoring forest phenophases of Northeast China based on MODIS NDVI data[J]. Resources Science, 2006,28(4):111-117.]
[7]	胡君德,李百岁,萨楚拉,等. 2000-2012年鄂尔多斯高原植被动态及干旱响应[J].测绘科学,2018,43(4):49-58
	[ Hu J D, Li B S, Sa C L, et al.Vegetation dynamics and its response to drought in Ordos Plateau[J]. Science Surveying and Mapping, 2018,43(4):49-58. ]
[8]	曲学斌,孙小龙,冯建英,等.呼伦贝尔草原NDVI时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].干旱气象,2018,36(1):97-103
	[ Qu X B, Sun X L, Feng J Y, et al.Temporal and spatial variation of NDVI in Hulun Buir grassland and its response to climate change[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2018,36(1):97-103. ]
[9]	杨思遥,孟丹,李小娟,等.华北地区2001-2014年植被变化对SPEI气象干旱指数多尺度的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1028-1039
	[ Yang S Y, Meng D, Li X J, et al.Multi-scale responses of vegetation changes relative to the SPEI meteorological drought index in North China in 2001-2014[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(3):1028-1039. ]
[10]	Liu Q H, Huete A.A feedback based modification of the NDVI to minimize canopy background and atmospheric noise[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1995,2(33):457-465.
[11]	孙立双,马运涛,毕天平,等.辽宁地区不同地表覆盖类型EVI和NDVI特征[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(6):1024-1029
	[ Sun L S, Ma Y T, Bi T P, et al.Analysis of EVI and NDVI characteristics in different land cover types in Liaoning province[J]. Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University Natural Science, 2013,29(6):1024-1029. ]
[12]	陈燕丽,罗永明,莫伟华,等. MODIS NDVI与MODIS EVI对气候因子响应差异[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(10):1802-1812
	[ Chen Y L, Luo Y M, Mo W H, et al.Differences between MODIS NDVI and MODIS EVI in response to climatic factors[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(10):1802-1812. ]
[13]	廖靖,覃先林,周汝良.利用2种植被指数监测中国6种典型森林生长期的比较研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(3):57-61
	[ Liao J, Qin X L, Zhou R L.Comparative analysis of the growing season of typical forest using two vegetation indices[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry College, 2014,34(3):57-61. ]
[14]	王正兴,刘闯,陈文波,等. MODIS增强型植被指数EVI与NDVI初步比较[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(5):407-410
	[ Wang Z X, Liu C, Chen W B, et al.Preliminary comparison of MODIS-NDVI and MODIS-EVI in eastern Asia[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006,31(5):407-410. ]
[15]	Luo H, Zhou T, Wu H, et al.Contrasting responses of planted and natural forests to drought intensity in Yunnan, China[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016,8(8):635.
[16]	曹雪佳,沈欣悦,沈亲,等.云南省墨江县森林对虫害和干旱干扰的响应特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(7):57-63
	[ Cao X J, Shen X Y, Shen Q, et al.Responses of forests to pest and drought disturbance in Mojiang county, Yunnan province[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2018,38(7):57-63. ]
[17]	翟雅倩,张翀,周旗,等.秦巴山区植被覆盖与土壤湿度时空变化特征及其相互关系[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(7):967-977
	[ Zhai Y Q, Zhang C, Zhou Q, et al.Spatio-temporal variation and interrelationship of vegetation cover and soil moisture in Qinling-Daba mountains[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018,20(7):967-977. ]
[18]	周来,张博,陈丽萍,等.基于GIS的福建省将乐县土壤侵蚀及保持定量分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(6):1-8
	[ Zhou L, Zhang B, Chen L P, et al.GIS-based quantitative analysis of soil erosion and conservation in Jiangle, Fujian[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition),2019,47(6):1-8. ]
[19]	贾文雄,陈京华. 1982-2014年祁连山植被生长季NDVI变化及其对气候的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):264-268
	[ Jia W X, Chen J H.Variations of NDVI and its response to climate changes in the growing season of vegetation in Qilianshan moutains from 1982 to 2014[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(2):264-268. ]
[20]	Vicente-Serrano S M, Beguería S, Lorenzo-Lacruz J, et al. Performance of drought indices for ecological, agricultural, and hydrological applications[J]. Earth Interactic, 2012,16(10):1-27.
[21]	Vicente-serrano S M, Beguería S, Lópezmoreno J I, et al. A new global 0.5° gridded dataset (1901-2006) of a Multiscalar drought Index: Comparison with current drought index datasets based on the Palmer drought severity Index[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2010,11(4):1033-1043.
[22]	杨庆,李明星,郑子彦,等. 7种气象干旱指数的中国区域适应性[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(3):337-353.
	[ Yang Q, Li M X, Zheng Z Y, et al.Regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices in China[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2017,47(3):337-353. ]
[23]	张强,邹旭恺,肖风劲,等.气象干旱等级(GB/T20481-2016) [s].北京,2006
	[ Zhang Q, Zou X K, Xiao F J, et al.Grades of meteorological drought(GB /T20481-2016)[s]. Beijing, 2006. ]
[24]	李登科,范建忠,王娟.陕西省植被覆盖度变化特征及其成因[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2896-2903
	[ Li D K, Fan J Z, Wang J.Change characteristics and their causes of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) in Shaanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010,21(11):2896-2903. ]
[25]	赵舒怡,宫兆宁,刘旭颖. 2001-2013年华北地区植被覆盖度与干旱条件的相关分析[J].地理学报,2015,70(5):717-729
	[ Zhao S Y, Gong Z N, Liu X Y.Correlation analysis between vegetation coverage and climate drought conditions in North China during 2001-2003[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(5):717-729. ]
[26]	纪迪,张慧,沈渭寿,等.太湖流域下垫面改变与气候变化的响应关系[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(1):51-62 doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.01.006
	[ Ji D, Zhang H,Shen W S, et al.The response relationship between underlying surface changing and climate change in the Taihu Basin[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013,28(1):51-62.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.01.006
[27]	罗文玮,赖日文,陈思雨,等.基于NDVI的福建省植被变化特征分析[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(2):141-147
	[ Luo W W, Lai R W, Chen S Y, et al.Analysis of vegetation variation characteristics in Fujian based on NDVI[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment, 2016,36(2):141-147. ]
[28]	许格希,罗水兴,郭泉水,等.海南岛尖峰岭12种热带常绿阔叶乔木展叶期与开花期对气候变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):585-598 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00054
	[ Xu G X, Luo S X, Guo Q S, et al.Responses of leaf unfolding and flowering to climate change in 12 tropical evergreen broadleaf tree species in Jianfengling, Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014,38(6):585-598. ] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00054
[29]	谢宝妮,秦占飞,王洋,等.基于遥感的黄土高原植被物候监测及其对气候变化的响应[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(15):153-160
	[ Xie B N, Qin Z F, Wang Y, et al.Monitoring vegetation phenology and their response to climate change on Chinese Loess Plateau based on remote sensing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015,31(15):153-160. ]
[30]	吴秀臣,裴婷婷,李小雁,等.树木生长对气候变化的响应研究进展[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(1):109-116
	[ Wu X C, Pei T T, Li X Y, et al.Tree growth responding to climate changes[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University Natural Sciences,2016,52(1):109-116.]
[31]	刘敏,毛子军,厉悦,等.不同纬度阔叶红松林红松径向生长对气候因子的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1341-1352
	[ Liu M, Mao Z J, Li Y, et al.Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests with different latitudes to climatical factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016,27(5):1341-1352. ]
[32]	张晓,潘磊磊,Kwon S, 等.沙地天然樟子松径向生长对干旱的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(7):27-35
	[ Zhang X, Pan L L, Kwon S, et al.Climatological response of radial growth for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to drought in Hulun Buir Sandland, Inner Mongolia of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018,40(7):27-35. ]
[33]	彭代亮,黄敬峰,王秀珍.基于MODIS-EVI区域植被季节变化与气象因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):983-989
	[ Peng D L, Huang J F, Wang X Z.Correlation analysis of regional vegetation seasonal fluctuation and climate factors based on MODIS-EVI[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007,18(5):983-989. ]
[34]	Wu X, Liu H, Li X, et al.Differentiating drought legacy effects on vegetation growth over the temperate Northern Hemisphere[J]. Glob Chang Biol, 2017,24(1):1-13.
[35]	郑海亮,房世峰,刘成程,等.青藏高原月NDVI时空动态变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].地球信息科学学报,2019,21(2):1-14
	[ Zheng H L, Fang S F, Liu C C, et al.Dynamics of monthly vegetation activity and its responses to climate change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019,21(2):1-14. ]
[36]	孔冬冬,张强,顾西辉,等.植被对不同时间尺度干旱事件的响应特征及成因分析[J].生态学报,2016,36(24):7908-7918
	[ Kong D D, Zhang Q, Gu X H, et al.Vegetation responses to drought at different time scales in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016,36(24):7908-7918. ]
[37]	Huang K, Yi C, Wu D, et al.Tipping point of a conifer forest ecosystem under severe drought[J]. Environment Research Letters, 2015,10(2):24011.
[38]	罗红霞,戴声佩,李茂芬,等.海南岛1959-2015年气候变化特征分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(15):261-268.
	[ Luo H X, Dai S P, Li M F, et al.Analysis of climatic change characteristics on Hainan island from 1959 to 2015[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018,46(15):261-268.]
[39]	刘世梁,田韫钰,尹艺洁,等.云南省植被NDVI时间变化特征及其对干旱的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4699-4707
	[ Liu S L, Tian W Y, Yin Y J, et al.Temporal dynamics of vegetation NDVI and its response to drought conditions in Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica ,2016,36(15):4699-4707. ]
[40]	徐凯健,曾宏达,张仲德,等.亚热带福建省森林生长季与气温、降水相关性的遥感分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(10):1249-1259 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01249
	[ Xu K J, Zeng H D, Zhong Z D, et al.Relating forest phenology to temperature and precipitation in the subtropical region of Fujian based on Time-Series MODIS-NDVI[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015,17(10):1249-1259. ] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01249
[41]	李霞,李晓兵,王宏,等.气候变化对中国北方温带草原植被的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006(6):618-623
	[ Li X, Li X B, Wang H, et al.Impact of climate change on temperate grassland in Northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2006(6):618-623. ]
[42]	张煦庭. 中国温带地区草地植被动态时空特征及其对气候变化的响应[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018
	[ Zhang X T, Spatial-temporal variation of grassland vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change in China's temperate zone[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2018. ]

干旱指数数值	等级	干旱指数数值	等级
≥ 2	特涝	(-1,-0.5]	轻旱
(1.5,2]	重涝	(-1.5,-1]	中旱
(1.0,1.5]	中涝	(-2,-1.5]	重旱
(0.5,1]	轻涝	≤-2	特旱
(-0.5,0.5]	正常

月份	类别	阔叶林	针阔混交林	针叶林	竹林
3	温度	0.242	0.302*	0.3*	0.277*
3	降水	0.452**	0.438**	0.438**	0.494**
4	温度	0.165	0.160	0.15	0.173
4	降水	-0.235	-0.254	-0.247	-0.232
5	温度	-0.354*	-0.38*	-0.325*	-0.354*
5	降水	-0.307*	-0.37*	-0.325*	-0.335*
6	温度	0.419**	0.366*	0.384*	0.393*
6	降水	-0.185	-0.093	-0.112	-0.162
7	温度	-0.037	-0.031	0.006	-0.035
7	降水	0.053	0.145	0.169	0.032
8	温度	0.043	-0.102	-0.019	0.039
8	降水	-0.084	-0.103	-0.033	-0.1
9	温度	0.362*	0.361*	0.347*	0.374*
9	降水	0.286*	0.307*	0.343*	0.294*

月份	阔叶林	针叶林	针阔混交林	竹林
3	1(0.390*)	1(0.354*)	1(0.328*)	1(0.421**)
4	3(-0.376*)	3(-0.377*)	3(-0.404*)	3(0.389*)
5	21（0.410**）	21(0.447**)	21(0.391*)	21(0.403*)
6	1(-0.283)	1(-0.196)	1(-0.183)	1(-0.260)
7	24(0.575***)	24(0.606***)	24(0.608***)	24(0.534***)
8	21(0.377*)	12(0.361*)	12(0.342*)	15(0.395*)
9	4(-0.207)	4(-0.147)	3(0.129)	4(-0.193)