时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190062

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 814-825.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190062

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇下一篇

时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建

曹阳¹(), 葛军莲^2,^3,^4,^*(), 龙毅^2,^3,⁴, 张翎^2,^3,⁴

1. 江苏省城市规划设计研究院,南京 210024
2. 南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 210023
3. 江苏省地理环境演化国家重点实验室培育建设点,南京 210023
4. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023

收稿日期:2019-02-14 修回日期:2019-04-14 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-06-15
通讯作者: 葛军莲 E-mail:834154997@qq.com;gejunlian@njnu.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介：曹阳（1989-）,男,江苏南京人,博士生,主要从事旅游信息化研究。E-mail: 834154997@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41301144、41571382）;江苏省高校自然科学基金（15KJA420001）

Urban Tourism Itinerary Planning from a Spatiotemporal Perspective

Yang CAO¹(), Junlian GE^2,^3,^4,^*(), Yi LONG^2,^3,⁴, Ling ZHANG^2,^3,⁴

1. Jiangsu Urban Planning and Design Institute, Nanjing 210024, China
2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of Education (Nanjing Normal University), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
3. The State Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Evolution in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
4. Jiangsu Province Geographic Information Resources Development and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;

Received:2019-02-14 Revised:2019-04-14 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-15
Contact: Junlian GE E-mail:834154997@qq.com;gejunlian@njnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41301144, 41571382;Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, No.15KJA420001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的旅游行程规划往往仅被归类为空间排序问题,而对行程安排中时空耦合性与游客自身选择的灵活性考虑不足。本文将行程规划问题的理解从空间视角拓展至游客活动视角,从旅游节点时空耦合关系以及重构模式出发,将旅行中涉及到的时间、空间与专题等多维属性有机组织,进而提出行程时空链的概念模型以及行程要素时空衔接方法。研究以南京为案例展开模型实验,结果显示该模型与传统线路设计方法在节点名称、节点数量以及节点顺序等指标的匹配度均超过了80%,体现出较好的应用可靠性。相较于已有研究仅从空间视角展开的论述,本文提出以游客自身作为行程规划的基本单位,从游客行为选择、游览时间序列以及节点线路串联等多维视角进行映射耦合,以期为拓展深化城市旅游线路设计理论,支撑智慧旅游工程精细化建设提供理论支撑与借鉴。

关键词: 旅游行程链, 时空映射, 时空行程, 城市旅游, 行程规划模型, 南京市

Abstract:

Traditionally, tourism itinerary planning is implemented as a spatial arrangement issue, which lacks the consideration of the spatiotemporal coupling and the flexibility for tourists to make choices. In this paper, the understanding of the itinerary planning problem was extended from the perspective of space to the perspective of tourist activities. From the time-space coupling relationship and reconstruction mode of tourism nodes, the multi-dimensional attributes such as time, space, and topic involved in the travel were organically organized, and then the travel's spatiotemporal chain was proposed. The conceptual model and the method of space-time convergence of the stroke elements. The proposed method was applied to the case study of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China. Results show that the match between the model and the traditional itinerary design method in terms of node name, number of nodes, and node order exceeds 80%, indicating good methodological reliability. Compared with existing itinerary planning studies, this research took the basic information of the itinerary (such as travel time, cost budget, departure place, destination, etc.) as the precondition, and considered the travel itinerary from the perspective of tourists. Specifically, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the tourist nodes were organically integrated. While satisfying the spatial order of tourist routes, the rationality of the time arrangement of each tourism element was also considered. The proposed algorithm is mainly used to serve independent tourists. Meanwhile, this algorithm has the advantage of arranging route and schedule flexibly. It should be noted that the specific application of the model is still constrained by the basic travel itinerary conditions. The flexibility of the proposed model for meeting tourists' individualized needs is currently not strong. Considering that tourists' demands are in reality often changing during traveling, it is necessary to further optimize the adaptability, flexibility, and stability of the proposed model.

Key words: travel itinerary, spatiotemporal mapping, spatiotemporal travel, urban tourism, itinerary planning model, Nanjing

曹阳, 葛军莲, 龙毅, 张翎. 时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(6): 814-825.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190062

Yang CAO, Junlian GE, Yi LONG, Ling ZHANG. Urban Tourism Itinerary Planning from a Spatiotemporal Perspective[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(6): 814-825.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190062

图/表 15

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

表3

图5

图6

图7

表4

图8

表5

图9

表6

参考文献 37

[1]	朱明,史春云,袁欣,等.基于旅行社线路的国内旅行空间模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2010(9):32-37.
	[ Zhu M, Shi C Y, Yuan X, et al.Study on domestic travel spatial patterns based on the itineraries of travel agency[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2010(9):32-37.]
[2]	陈佳敏. 智慧旅游系统的设计和实现[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2017.
	[ Chen J M.Design and implementation of smart tourism system[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2017. ]
[3]	王懿雯. 基于热点空间网络建模的个性化旅游行程规划[D].南京:东南大学,2017.
	[ Wang Y W.Personalized travel route planning based on poi-spatial network modeling[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2017. ]
[4]	睢先先,宋夫华.基于ACO的智能终端旅游行程规划系统设计[J].计算机应用与软件,2016,33(9):231-234,300.
	[ Sui X X, Song F H. Designing aco-based travel ininerary planning system with smart terminal[J]. Application and Software of Computer, 2016,33(9):231-234,300.]
[5]	曹阳. 城市旅游规划行程链的模型构建及其应用研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.
	[ Cao Y.The design and application of urban tourism planning itinerary chain model[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2014. ]
[6]	史春云,朱传耿,赵玉宗,等.国外旅游线路空间模式研究进展[J].人文地理,2010,25(4):31-35.
	[ Shi C Y, Zhu C G, Zhao Y Z, et al.Research progress of spatial patterns of travel itineraries in foreign countries[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(4):31-35. ]
[7]	李旭,马耀峰.海外旅游者对旅游目的地和旅游路线的选择研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(2):115-119.
	[ Li X, Ma Y F.Overseas tourists’ choices in destinations and traveling routes[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2003,31(2):115-119. ]
[8]	马晓龙. 基于游客行为的旅游线路组织研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(2):98-101.
	[ Ma X L.A study on organization of tour routes based on tourists' behaviors[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2005,21(2):98-101. ]
[9]	吴小根,李海鸽,冯英杰.江苏省国内旅游线路节点配置研究[J].地域研究与开发. 2011(5):118-122.
	[ Wu X G, Li H G, Feng Y J.Researches on nodes configuration of domestic tourist routes in jiangsu province[J]. Areal Research & Development, 2011(5):118-122. ]
[10]	史春云,张宏磊,朱明.国内旅游线路模式的空间格局与特征分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1918-1922.
	[ Shi C Y, Zhang H L, Zhu M.Spatial structure and characteristics of domestic travel itineraries patterns[J]. Economic Geography, 2011,31(11):1918-1922.]
[11]	Cenamor I, de la Rosa T, Núñez S, et al. Planning for tourism routes using social networks[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017,69:1-9.
[12]	叶玉玲,韩明初,陈俊晶.基于出行链的城际旅客出行方式选择行为[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(9):1234-1240.
	[ Ye Y L, Han M C, Chen J J.Intercity passenger travel mode choice behavior based on trip chain[J]. Journal of Tongji university(natural science), 2018,46(9):1234-1240. ]
[13]	王振,张志敏,王伟,等.基于百度API开源数据的居民出行研究[J].交通运输研究,2018,4(3):18-24.
	[ Wang Z, Zhang Z M, Wang W, et al.Resident trip analysis based on open source data of baidu API[J]. Transport Research, 2018,4(3):18-24. ]
[14]	Chen J M, Nijkamp P.Itinerary planning: Modelling cruise lines' lengths of stay in ports[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2018,73:55-63.
[15]	张凌云,黎巎,刘敏.智慧旅游的基本概念与理论体系[J].旅游学刊2012,27(5:66-73.
	[ Zhang L Y, Li M, Liu M.On the basic concept of smarter tourism and its theoretical system[J]. Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan, 2012,27(5):66-73. ]
[16]	史永,龙毅,陈林,等.面向智能导游的双加权图模型及其路径规划[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):867-873. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00867
	[ Shi Y, Long Y, Chen L, et al.Research on double-weighted graph model and optimal path planning for intelligent tourism navigation considering entrances and exits[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2014,16(6):867-873. ] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00867
[17]	Mckercher B, Lau G.Movement patterns of tourists within a destination[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2008,10(3):355-374.
[18]	Connell J, Page S J.Exploring the spatial patterns of car-based tourist travel in Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park, Scotland[J]. Tourism Management. 2008,29(3):561-580.
[19]	Zillinger M.Tourist routes: A time-geographical approach on German car-tourists in Sweden[J]. Tourism Geographies. 2007,9(1):64-83.
[20]	Lew A, Mckercher B.Modeling tourist movements: A local destination analysis[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006,33(2):403-423.
[21]	Wu X, Guan H, Han Y, et al.A tour route planning model for tourism experience utility maximization[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017,9(10):1-8.
[22]	Abubakar E O, Idoko O, Ocholi O S.Efficient tour planning for tourist sites visitation in Lokoja, Nigeria: A multi-scenario analysis using GIS[J]. Journal of Geographic Information System, 2017,9(1):59.
[23]	陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.
	[ Lu L, Tang U U.Spatial behavior patterns of domestic tourists of the zhujiang river delta metropolitan area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(1):10-18. ]
[24]	袁欣,史春云,朱明,张兴华.长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究[J].旅游科学,2010,24(6):55-63.
	[ Yuan X, Shi C Y, Zhu M, et al.A study on the itinerary patterns and destination types in the yangzi river delta[J]. Tourist Science, 2010,24(6):55-63. ]
[25]	赵昕,关宏志,王昊.基于旅游动机的旅游目的地选择行为分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(5):175-180.
	[ Zhao X, Guan H Z, Wang H.An analysis on choice behavior of tourist destination based on tourist motivation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014,14(5):175-180. ]
[26]	贾中星,景海涛,李伟.基于GIS与旅行商问题的自驾游路径设计[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014(9):93-96.
	[ Jia Z X, Jing H T, Li W.Self-driving route design concerning gis and traveling salesman[J]. Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology, 2014(9):93-96. ]
[27]	Lew A A, Mc Kercher B.Trip destinations, gateways and itineraries: The example of Hong Kong[J]. Tourism Management, 2002,23(6):609-621.
[28]	林岚,许志晖,丁登山.旅游者空间行为及其国内外研究综述[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):434-439.
	[ Lin L, Xu Z H, Ding D S.Spacial Behavior of Tourists Research[J]. Geography Science, 2007,27(3):434-439. ]
[29]	张凌云. 旅游地引力模型研究的回顾与前瞻[J].地理研究,1989(1):76-87.
	[ Zhang L Y.Review on the study of tourism gravity models and it's future[J]. Geography Research, 1989(1):76-87. ]
[30]	Mancini S, Stecca G.A large neighborhood search based metaheuristic for the tourist cruises itinerary planning[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2018,122:140-148.
[31]	宣国富,陆林,汪德根,等.三亚市旅游客流空间特性研究[J].地理研究,2004,23(1):115-124.
	[ Xuan G F, Lu L, Wang D G, et al.Spatial characteristics of tourist flows in coast resorts: A case study of sanya city[J]. Geographical Research, 2004,23(1):115-124. ]
[32]	卢天玲. 塔尔寺旅游者旅行模式及其对地方旅游经济的影响[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(12):29-33.
	[ Lu T L.The travelling patterns of taer lamasery tourists and their impact on local tourism economy[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008,23(12):29-33. ]
[33]	Sylejmani K, Dorn J, Musliu N.Planning the trip itinerary for tourist groups[J]. Information Technology & Tourism, 2017,17(3):275-314.
[34]	杨兴柱,吴静.南京市旅游流网络结构特征历时性比较[J].旅游科学,2015(4):35-46.
	[ Yang X Z, Wu J.A diachronic comparison of the characteristics of the structure of tourism flow network in nanjing[J]. Tourism Science, 2015(4):35-46. ]
[35]	陈享尔,蔡建明.基于资源类型及空间特征的城郊观光农业旅游线路研究——以上海市闵行区为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(9):161-168.
	[ Chen X E, Cai J M.Tour routes of tourism agriculture in the suburbs of big cities based on the types and spatial characteristics of resources: A case study of minhang district of shanghai[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,33(9):161-168. ]
[36]	郑玥,龙毅,明小娜,严瑞.多种空间关系组合的地理位置自然语言描述方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(4):465-471. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2011.00465
	[ Zheng Y, Long Y, Ming X N, et al.Natural language description of geographic location considering various spatial relations with different references[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2011,13(4):465-471. ] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2011.00465
[37]	吴长彬,闾国年.空间拓扑关系若干问题研究现状的评析[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(4):524-531.
	[ Wu C B, Lv G N.Spatial topological relationships: An overview and analysis[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2010,12(4):524-531. ]

序号	行程链模式	具体描述
1	HS+H	无目的地旅游模式,从家出发游玩后回到家过夜,多为一日游类型
2	HOH或 HS+OH	单目的地旅游模式,从家出发前往过夜目的地,途中游览（多个）景点
3	HS+O+H	多目的地旅游模式1,过程中穿插多个旅游节点和过夜目的地
4	HS+OS+OH	多目的地旅游模式2,过程中以某一过夜目的地为驻点,环游周边景点

时段分类	切分形式	切分原则	备注
自然天	以每天24 h为切分单元,从而对总出游时间进行分解	考虑到旅游者在多天的旅游行程中需要安排晚间住宿休息,而住宿事件对整体旅游全过程也起到中断作用	通过量化不同类型节点游览的标准时段,方便进行日程安排,也方便进行时间片段的动态调整（以10 min为最小时间单位对整日时间进行标准活动时段切分,将早餐时段划分为30 min ;午餐时段60 min;晚餐时段30 min ;上午游览时段180 min ;下午游览时段180 min ;晚间游览时段约120 min ）
半天	将每日单元划分为“上午段”、“下午段”以及“晚间段”3部分	考虑到旅游者早餐、午餐、晚餐活动对整体游览行为的中断作用,将每天的整体时间划分为上午段、下午段和晚间段;（考虑到旅游行业的特殊性,晚间时段一般也被整体用于安排娱乐、购物和部分夜间景区的游览活动,因此也归纳为半天时段范畴）
节点	将上午段划分为早餐时段、上午游览时段、午餐时段;将下午段划分为下午游览时段和晚餐时段;将晚上段划分为晚上游览时段和住宿时段	针对不通过半天时段游客所进行的不同活动内容,进一步划分为游览时段、餐饮时段、住宿时段3类活动时段

节点类型	节点描述	节点特征	时间配置
景区节点、购物节点、娱乐节点（游览类节点）	该类节点构成了旅游行程的主要功能,是行程规划的核心要素	游客在该类节点中一般耗时较长,通常需要满足基本的游览时间	时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点
餐饮节点、住宿节点（生活类节点）	该类节点主要满足游客基本需求,是重要程度仅次于游览类节点的辅助类节点	该类节点一般安排于主要旅行线路附近,以保障游览活动的流畅性	时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点时间可灵活调整,属于时长浮动类节点
交通节点（交通类节点）	该类节点作为支撑行程安排的必要道路连接,是保障行程中游客移动的重要支撑	受到道路通行条件、路段复杂度、道路拥挤程度等因素影响	时间相对固定,属于时长固定类节点

顾及钟山风景区景点拓扑关系的节点筛选顺序			顾及整体游览最短路径距离的节点筛选顺序
筛选顺序	景区名称	与前节点道路距离/km	筛选顺序	景区名称	与前节点道路距离/km
1	中山陵	-	1	中山陵	-
2	明孝陵	3.6	2	灵谷寺	3.5
3	灵谷寺	5.6	3	总统府	9.4
4	南京博物院	6.5	4	玄武湖	4.1
5	瞻园	5.6	5	夫子庙	6.2
6	中华门	1.1	6	大屠杀纪念馆	5.2

时间段	节点名	交通时间/min	到达时间	一般用时/min	规划用时/min
早餐	待定	0	07:00	60	60
上午	中山陵	0	08:00	90	75
	明孝陵	5	09:20	120	100
	灵谷寺	10	11:10	60	50
午餐	鸿运酒楼	10	12:10	90	65
下午	梅园新村总统府	15	13:30	60	88
下午	梅园新村总统府	5	15:03	120	177
晚餐	农家乐	5	18:00	90	75
晚上	夫子庙	10	19:30	150	120
住宿	如家酒店	10	21:10	570	560

时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建

Urban Tourism Itinerary Planning from a Spatiotemporal Perspective

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 15

参考文献 37

相关文章 9

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

匹配类型	经典1日游	经典2日游	经典3日游	星级优先	景点最多	费用最少
节点名称匹配度	90	87	86	95	88	93
节点数量匹配度	94	89	85	90	83	87
节点顺序匹配度	87	85	81	89	80	84

[1]	符海月, 张祎婷. 时间尺度重构EEMD-GRNN改进模型预测PM_2.5的研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(7): 1132-1142.
[2]	陈杰, 李昂, 符峥, 李思倩, 王结臣. 公交模式对公共服务设施可达性的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(7): 983-993.
[3]	尹上岗, 李在军, 宋伟轩, 马志飞. 基于地理探测器的南京市住宅租金空间分异格局及驱动因素研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(8): 1139-1149.
[4]	乔伟峰, 毛广雄, 王亚华, 陈月娇. 近32年来南京城市扩展与土地利用演变研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(2): 200-209.
[5]	乔伟峰, 刘彦随, 王亚华, 项灵志. 城市三维重心算法与实验分析——以南京市为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(3): 268-273.
[6]	叶娟娟, 杨昕, 熊礼阳, 严艳梓, 王婷婷. 南京市老城区城市建筑点格局研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(11): 1404-1411.
[7]	苏曦, 陈江龙, 袁丰. 国有商业银行与股份制商业银行的空间布局特征分析——以南京市江南8区为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2013, 15(5): 712-718.
[8]	贺文慧, 杨昕, 汤国安, 周毅. 基于数字高程模型的城市地表开阔度研究——以南京老城区为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2012, 14(1): 94-100.
[9]	杨静, 李满春, 丁贤荣, 刘永学. 长江南京段岸线资源GIS评价与分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2008, 10(2): 200-205.