基于气象站观测数据的京津冀城市扩展对气温变化的影响研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190080

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 1086-1096.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.190080

基于气象站观测数据的京津冀城市扩展对气温变化的影响研究

徐新良¹(), 张亚庆^1,², 王世宽¹

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-02-25 修回日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-07-31
作者简介:
作者简介：林中立（1989-）,男,福建福州人,博士,讲师,主要从事环境与生态遥感研究。E-mail: linzl@fjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20010302)

Effects of Urban Expansion on Air Temperature Change based on Meteorological Stations Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Xinliang XU^1,^*(), Yaqing ZHANG^1,², Shikuan WANG¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-02-25 Revised:2019-04-25 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-07-31
Contact: Xinliang XU E-mail:xuxl@lreis.ac.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.XDA20010302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市扩展引起的区域增温效应一直都是城市热环境研究中的热门领域。本研究首先基于1980-2015年7期城市扩展遥感监测数据,通过熵值法构建了京津冀地区58个气象站周边2 km半径范围内城市扩展程度指数;然后使用四分位法对该指数进行分级,将站点划分为低度城市扩展（C1）、中度城市扩展（C2）和高度城市扩展站点（C3）;最后通过3类站点年和季节平均气温变化趋势对比分析,揭示了城市扩展对气温变化的影响程度及其贡献率。结果表明：① 1980-2015年京津冀地区几乎所有站点周边都有城市扩展现象,58个气象站周边城市扩展程度指数平均为0.377,C3类站点周边城市扩展程度指数为0.650;② 3类站点年和季节平均气温增温速率均表现为C1 < C2 < C3,C3类站点年平均气温的增温速率为0.536 ℃/10a;在季节平均气温上,C1、C2和C3站点春季的增温速率均最高,其中C3类站点的为0.637 ℃/10a,而夏季或秋季最低;③ 城市扩展对C3类站点年和季节平均气温增温影响和贡献率均高于C2类站点,对C3类站点年平均气温的增温影响和贡献率分别为0.342 ℃/10a和63.81%;在季节平均气温上,城市扩展对C2和C3类站点的增温影响均在冬季最高,分别为0.229 ℃/10a和 0.410 ℃/10a,而在春季或夏季最低;城市扩展对C2和C3类站点的增温贡献率均在秋季最高,分别为73.24%和82.96%,而在春季最低。

关键词: 京津冀地区, 气象观测, 城市扩展, 城市扩展增温, 增温贡献率

Abstract:

The warming effects caused by urban expansion have always been a hot topic in climate thermal research. Firstly, this study obtains the average proportion and expansion rate of urban-land area of 58 meteorological stations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region within the radius of 2 km based on the 7 periods of remote sensing monitoring data of urban expansion from 1980 to 2015; builds expansion degree index of each meteorological station by entropy method. Then divide these meteorological stations into three types (these are lowly urban-expanded meteorological stations, moderately urban-expanded meteorological stations and highly urban-expanded meteorological stations) by quartering the expansion degree index of all stations. Finally, this study reveals the effects and its contributions of urban expansion through the comparative analysis of the annual and seasonal average temperature change trend of three types of meteorological stations. The results show that: (1) the surrounding of almost all meteorological stations has experienced urban expansion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 1980-2015, the average of urban expansion degree index of 58 meteorological stations is 0.377, and the average of urban expansion degree index of C3 meteorological stations is 0.650; (2) the annual and seasonal average warming rates of three types of meteorological stations show as C1 < C2 < C3, and the annual average warming rate of C3 meteorological stations is 0.536℃/10a; the seasonal average warming rate of C1, C2 and C3 meteorological stations are the highest in spring, and the seasonal average warming rate of C3 meteorological stations is 0.637 ℃/10a, while the three types of meteorological stations have the lowest warming rate in summer or autumn; (3) The effects and its contribution rate of urban expansion on annual and seasonal mean warming rate of C3 meteorological stations are higher than that of C2 meteorological stations, the effects and its contribution rate of urban expansion on annual mean warming rate of C3 meteorological stations are 0.342 ℃/10a and 63.81% respectively; the effects of urban expansion on the seasonal average warming rate of C2 and C3 meteorological stations are the highest in winter, these are 0.229 ℃/10a and 0.410 ℃/10a respectively, while that of C2 and C3 meteorological stations are the lowest in spring or summer; the contribution rate of urban expansion on the seasonal average warming rate of C2 and C3 meteorological stations are the highest in autumn, these are 73.24% and 82.96% respectively, while that of C2 and C3 meteorological stations are the lowest in spring.

Key words: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, meteorological observation, urban expansion, urban expansion warming, warming contribution rate

徐新良, 张亚庆, 王世宽. 基于气象站观测数据的京津冀城市扩展对气温变化的影响研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(7): 1086-1096.

Xinliang XU, Yaqing ZHANG, Shikuan WANG. Effects of Urban Expansion on Air Temperature Change based on Meteorological Stations Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(7): 1086-1096.

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缓冲区半径/km	年		春		夏		秋		冬
缓冲区半径/km	r1	r2	r1	r2	r1	r2	r1	r2	r1	r2
1	0.59	0.57	0.56	0.51	0.53	0.54	0.54	0.52	0.57	0.55
2	0.67	0.64	0.63	0.57	0.64	0.62	0.59	0.58	0.62	0.60
3	0.58	0.57	0.56	0.52	0.60	0.58	0.50	0.51	0.50	0.53
4	0.46	0.48	0.47	0.46	0.53	0.54	0.39	0.41	0.37	0.41
5	0.39	0.45	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.53	0.32	0.37	0.29	0.35
6	0.34	0.41	0.35	0.40	0.44	0.50	0.27	0.34	0.23	0.31
7	0.29	0.36	0.30	0.36	0.40	0.47	0.24	0.30	0.18	0.26
8	0.26	0.33	0.27	0.32	0.37	0.43	0.22	0.27	0.16	0.22
9	0.25	0.31	0.26	0.31	0.36	0.42	0.20	0.26	0.14	0.20
10	0.24	0.31	0.25	0.30	0.36	0.42	0.20	0.26	0.13	0.20
11	0.23	0.30	0.23	0.29	0.35	0.41	0.19	0.25	0.12	0.19
12	0.22	0.29	0.23	0.28	0.34	0.40	0.18	0.24	0.13	0.18
13	0.22	0.29	0.22	0.28	0.34	0.40	0.18	0.24	0.12	0.18
14	0.22	0.29	0.22	0.28	0.34	0.40	0.18	0.24	0.11	0.18
15	0.22	0.29	0.22	0.28	0.34	0.40	0.18	0.24	0.11	0.18

扩展程度	站点数量	数量占比/%	城市扩展程度指数范围
低度城市扩展(C1)	15	26	0≤ F≤ 0.237
中度城市扩展(C2)	28	48	0.237 <F < 0.533
高度城市扩展(C3)	15	26	F ≥ 0.533

城市扩展类型	城市用地面积比例/%		城市用地扩展速率/(%/a)		城市扩展程度指数平均值
城市扩展类型	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	城市扩展程度指数平均值
C1	0.00 ~ 39.29	19.76	0.00 ~ 0.41	0.17	0.122
C2	27.47 ~ 70.83	46.36	0.18 ~ 1.18	0.71	0.367
C3	50.56 ~ 90.36	67.45	1.11 ~ 2.42	1.45	0.650
C1（集中分布）	0.00 ~ 0.68	0.17	0.00 ~ 0.00	0.00	0.001
C2（集中分布）	27.47 ~ 53.70	42.92	0.30 ~ 1.10	0.75	0.367
C3（集中分布）	53.84 ~ 90.36	71.53	1.11 ~ 2.42	1.49	0.676

城市扩展类型	年	春	夏	秋	冬
C1	0.194**	0.361**	0.126	0.076	0.214*
C2	0.364***	0.487***	0.242**	0.284*	0.443**
C3	0.536***	0.637***	0.437***	0.446***	0.624***
C1（集中分布）	0.052*	0.129*	0.052	0.013	0.014*
C2（集中分布）	0.331***	0.496***	0.204*	0.224*	0.402*
C3（集中分布）	0.504***	0.635***	0.460***	0.397**	0.525**

平均气温	年		春		夏		秋		冬
平均气温	影响	贡献率	影响	贡献率	影响	贡献率	影响	贡献率	影响	贡献率
区域	0.230	54.25	0.178	33.02	0.184	59.35	0.265	77.71	0.292	57.71
C2类站点	0.170	46.70	0.126	25.87	0.116	47.93	0.208	73.24	0.229	51.69
C3类站点	0.342	63.81	0.276	43.33	0.311	71.17	0.370	82.96	0.410	65.71
C2类站点（集中分布）	0.137	41.39	0.135	27.22	0.078	38.24	0.148	66.07	0.188	46.77
C3类站点（集中分布）	0.310	61.51	0.274	43.15	0.334	72.61	0.321	80.86	0.311	59.24

基于气象站观测数据的京津冀城市扩展对气温变化的影响研究

Effects of Urban Expansion on Air Temperature Change based on Meteorological Stations Data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

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