基于BEMD分解的地貌分类研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地貌是指地势高低起伏的变化,即地表的形态。地貌划分对气温、降水、太阳辐照等诸多应用领域都有着重要作用。本文选择空间分辨率为90 m的福建省的数字高程模型（DEM）数据作为地理信号,运用二维经验模态分解（BEMD）进行分解处理,得到多个具有不同尺度、不同物理意义的本征模函数（BIMF1—BIMF3）以及对应余量ORIG。这些BIMF分量对应不同尺度的微观地形,ORIG余量表现为该研究区的地貌分布趋势,体现了平原、丘陵与山地的大致分布区域。运用变点分析法确定最佳计算单元,利用地形起伏度对各个信号区域进行一级分类,依据绝对高度进行二级分类,最后将一级分类与二级分类相结合,实现对地形的分类,这一分类过程体现了研究地区地貌组合复杂的特征。结果表明：① 叠加BIMF分量,提取出分量和大于74 m的区域为高频信号区域。该区域以小起伏度的低山为主,并伴随有丘陵和小起伏度中山。② ORIG余量中余量高度小于等于340 m的区域,去除其中包含的高频信号区域后为低频信号区域,该区域以平原、丘陵为主。③ 剩余区域定义为中频信号区域,该区域的地貌以平丘陵和小起伏的山地为主。研究成果表明福建地貌可分为7种主要类型：低频平原,低频丘陵,中频丘陵,高频丘陵,中频小起伏低山,高频小起伏低山,高频小起伏中山。

关键词: 地形分解, 数字高程模型（DEM）, 二维经验模式分解（BEMD）, 本征模函数（BIMF）, 余量函数（ORIG）, 地形起伏度, 高频, 低频

Abstract:

Geomorphology refers to the ups and downs of the terrain, that is, the shape of the surface. Geomorph-ological classification plays an important role in many application fields such as temperature, precipitation and solar irradiation. In this paper, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) data of Fujian province with a spatial resolution of 90 m is selected as the geographic signal. The two-dimensional empirical mode decomposition(BEMD) is applied for decomposition processing to obtain several two-dimensional intrinsic mode functions(BIMF1~ BIMF3) with different scales and different physical meanings as well as the corresponding residual ORIG. These BIMF components correspond to the microtopography of different scales, and ORIG shows the geomorphic distribution trend of the study area, reflecting the general distribution area of plains, hills and mountains. The optimal calculation unit is determined by the method of variable point analysis, and the first order classification of each signal area is carried out by using the degree of relief, and the second level classification is carried out according to the absolute height. Finally, the first class classification and the second order classification are combined to realize the classification of terrain. This classification process reflects the complex characteristics of geomorphological assemblage in the study area. The results show that: (1) Superimpose BIMF components and extract the components and regions larger than 74m as high-frequency signal regions. The region is dominated by the low mountains with small relief amplitude, and is accompanied by middle mountain with small relief amplitude and hills. (2) The region with residual height less than or equal to 340m in ORIG was extracted, and the region containing high frequency signal was removed as the low-frequency signal region, which was mainly plain and hills. (3) The remaining area is defined as the intermediate frequency signal area, and the geomorphology of the area is dominated by flat hills and small mountains with small relief amplitude. The results show that the geomorphology of Fujian can be divided into seven main types: low frequency plain, low frequency hill, intermediate frequency hill, high frequency hill, low mountain with small degree of relief in middle frequency, low mountain with small degree of relief in high frequency, middle mountain with small degree of relief in high frequency.

Key words: topographic decomposition, DEM, BEMD, BIMF, ORIG, degree of relief, high-frequency, low-frequency

顾文亚, 孟祥瑞, 朱晓晨, 邱新法. 基于BEMD分解的地貌分类研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 464-473.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190262

GU Wenya, MENG Xiangrui, ZHU Xiaochen, QIU Xinfa. Geomorphological Classification Research based on BEMD Decomposition[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2020, 22(3): 464-473.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190262

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地貌类型	海拔高度/m
平原	≤ 200
丘陵	≤ 500
低山	500~1000
中山	1000~3000
高山	3000~5000
极高山	>5000

地貌类型	地形起伏度/m
平原	≤ 30
丘陵	30~200
小起伏山地	200~500
中起伏山地	500~1000
大起伏山地	1000~2500
极大起伏山地	>2500

频率	起伏度/m	高程/m	地貌类型
低频	≤ 30	≤ 200	低频平原
低频	≤ 200	≤ 500	低频丘陵
中频	≤ 200	≤ 500	中频丘陵
中频	≤ 500	≤ 1000	中频小起伏低山
高频	≤ 200	≤ 500	高频丘陵
	≤ 500	≤ 1000	高频小起伏低山
	≤ 500	≤ 2500	高频小起伏中山