地球信息科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 816-826.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190519
收稿日期:
2019-09-13
修回日期:
2019-11-17
出版日期:
2020-04-25
发布日期:
2020-06-10
通讯作者:
汤国安
E-mail:tangguoan@njnu.edu.cn
作者简介:
熊礼阳(1989— ),男,江西南昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事黄土地貌演化与数字地形分析研究。E-mail:xiongliyang@njnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
XIONG Liyang1,2,3, TANG Guoan1,2,3,*()
Received:
2019-09-13
Revised:
2019-11-17
Online:
2020-04-25
Published:
2020-06-10
Contact:
TANG Guoan
E-mail:tangguoan@njnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表达法、监测模拟法力图实现对黄土沟谷发育演化进程中“过去-现代-未来”的科学认知。这些研究在相当程度上丰富了黄土沟谷发育过程的认知。本文梳理了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化相关研究的现状,并从黄土高原地貌演化、黄土沟谷发育、基于DEM的沟谷信息提取与表达等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。此外,本文提出“黄土沟道剖面群组”概念与方法,试图从新的视角审视黄土沟谷地貌发育演化过程。沟道剖面在黄土沟谷发育演化进程中传递物质能量和累积地形动力,并通过径流节点的串联实现剖面群的连接与组合,形成独特的剖面“群组”模式;该沟道剖面群组是集黄土沟谷地貌特征与过程于一体的综合信息集成体,其三维空间结构是对黄土沟谷地貌发育演化的高度抽象与映射,并可望进一步丰富黄土高原数字地形分析理论与方法体系,为黄土高原黄土地貌成因机理与空间分异格局带来创新的认识。
熊礼阳, 汤国安. 黄土高原沟谷地貌发育演化研究进展与展望[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(4): 816-826.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190519
XIONG Liyang, TANG Guoan. Research Progresses and Prospects of Gully Landform Formation and Evolution in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2020, 22(4): 816-826.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190519
[1] | 刘东生 . 黄土与环境[M] 北京: 科学出版社, 1985. |
[ Liu D S . Loess and Environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. ] | |
[2] | 陈永宗, 景可, 蔡强国 . 黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988. |
[ Chen Y Z, Jing K, Cai G Q . Modern erosion and management of the Loess Plateau[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988. ] | |
[3] | 张宗祜 . 我国黄土高原区域地质地貌特征及现代侵蚀作用[J]. 地质学报, 1981(4):308-320,326. |
[ Zhang Z H . Regional geological and morphological characteristics and development of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1981(4):308-302,326. ] | |
[4] | 甘枝茂 . 黄土高原地貌与土壤侵蚀研究[M]. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 1990. |
[ Gan Z M . Study on landform and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau[M]. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press, 1990. ] | |
[5] | 邓成龙, 袁宝印 . 末次间冰期以来黄河中游黄土高原沟谷侵蚀-堆积过程初探[J]. 地理学报, 2001,56(1):92-98. |
[ Deng C L, Yuan B Y . Processes of gully erosion and accumulation in the central Loess Plateau of China since the last interglacial[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001,56(1):92-98. ] | |
[6] | 袁宝印, 巴特尔, 崔久旭 , 等. 黄土区沟谷发育与气候变化的关系——以洛川黄土塬区为例[J]. 地理学报, 1987,42(4):328-337. |
[ Yuan B Y, Ba T E, Cui J X , et al. The relationship between gully development and climatic changes in the loess yuan region: Examples from Luochuan, Shaanxi province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1987,42(4):328-337. ] | |
[7] | Pan B, Hu Z, Wang J , et al. A magnetostratigraphic record of landscape development in the eastern Ordos Plateau, China: Transition from Late Miocene and Early Pliocene stacked sedimentation to Late Pliocene and Quaternary uplift and incision by the Yellow River[J]. Geo-morphology, 2011,125(1):225-238. |
[8] | Zhang F, Zhang B, Yang M . Beryllium-7 atmospheric deposition and soil inventory on the northern Loess Plateau of China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,77:178-184. |
[9] | Stevens T, Carter A, Watson T P , et al. Genetic linkage between the Yellow River, the Mu Us desert and the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013,78:355-368. |
[10] | 黄骁力, 丁浒, 那嘉明 , 等. 地貌发育演化研究的空代时理论与方法[J]. 地理学报, 2017,72(1):94-104. |
[ Huang X L, Ding H, Na J M , et al. Theories and methods of space-for-time substitution in geomorphology[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):94-104. ] | |
[11] | 罗来兴 . 划分晋西、陕北、陇东黄土区域沟间地与沟谷的地貌类型[J]. 地理学报, 1956,22(3):201-222. |
[ Luo L X . A tentative classification of landforms in the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1956,22(3):201-222. ] | |
[12] | 祝士杰, 汤国安, 李发源 , 等. 基于DEM的黄土高原面积高程积分研究[J]. 地理学报, 2013,68(7):921-932. |
[ Zhu S J, Tang G A, Li F Y , et al. Spatial variation of hypsometric integral in the Loess Plateau based on DEM[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013,68(7):921-932. ] | |
[13] | Strahler A N . Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography[J]. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1952,63(11):1117-1142. |
[14] | 艾南山 . 侵蚀流域系统的信息熵[J]. 水土保持学报, 1987,1(2):1-8. |
[ Ai N S . Comentropy in erosional drainage-system[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1987,1(2):1-8. ] | |
[15] | Rinaldo A, Rodriguez-Iturbe I, Rigon R , et al. Minimum energy and fractal structures of drainage networks[J]. Water Resources Research, 1992,28(9):2183-2195. |
[16] | Schumm S A, Lichty R W . Time, space, and causality in geomorphology[J]. American Journal of Science, 1965,263(2):110-119. |
[17] | 原立峰, 常春平, 张青峰 . 基于元胞自动机的小流域侵蚀产沙模型研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2008,28(2):85-89. |
[ Yuan L F, Chang C P, Zhang Q F . Soil erosion and sediment yield model in a small watershed based on Cellular Automata[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008,28(2):85-89. ] | |
[18] | Cao M, Tang G A, Zhang F, Yang J Y . A cellular automata model for simulating the evolution of positive-negative terrains in a small loess watershed[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2013,27(7):1349-1363. |
[19] | 崔灵周, 李占斌, 朱永清 , 等. 流域侵蚀强度空间分异及动态变化模拟研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2006,22(12):17-22. |
[ Cui L Z, Li Z F, Zhu Y Q , et al. Simulation of spatial differentiation and dynamic variation of watershed erosion intensity[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006,22(12):17-22. ] | |
[20] | 张鹏, 郑粉莉, 陈吉强 , 等. 利用高精度GPS动态监测沟蚀发育过程[J]. 热带地理, 2009,29(4):369-373. |
[ Zhang P, Zheng F L, Chen J Q , et al. Application of high-precision GPS to dynamic monitoring gully erosion processes[J]. Tropical Geography, 2009,29(4):369-373. ] | |
[21] | Wu HY, Xu XM, Zheng FL , et al. Gully morphological characteristics in the loess hilly-gully region based on 3D laser scanning technique[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2018,43(8):1701-1710. |
[22] | 李吉均, 方小敏, 马海洲 , 等. 晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 1996,26(4):316-322. |
[ Li J J, Fang X M, Ma H Z , et al. Geomorphic evolution process of upper reaches of Yellow River and uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in late Cenozoic[J]. Science in China (D: Earth Sciences), 1996,26(4):316-322. ] | |
[23] | Davis W M . The geographic cycle[J]. Geological Journal, 1899(14):481-504. |
[24] | Willis B, Blackweller E, Sargent R H . Research in China[M]. Washington D C: The Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1907: 236-264. |
[25] | 管华, 高更和 . 秦岭—黄淮平原交界带地貌演化阶段的信息熵判定[J]. 地理科学, 2002,22(6):673-676. |
[ Guan H, Gao G H . Distinguishing of the geomorphic evolution stage with information entropy in the transitional region of Qinling Mountains and Huang-Huai Plain[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002,22(6):673-676. ] | |
[26] | 张丽萍, 马志正 . 流域地貌演化的不同阶段沟壑密度与切割深度关系研究[J]. 地理研究, 1998,17(3):50-55. |
[ Zhang L P, Ma Z Z . The research on the relation between gully density and cutting depth in different drainage landform evolution periods[J]. Geographical Research, 1998,17(3):50-55. ] | |
[27] | 励强, 陆中臣, 袁宝印 . 地貌发育阶段的定量研究[J]. 地理学报, 1990,45(1):110-120. |
[ Li Q, Lu Z C, Yuan B Y . Quantitative study of the stage af geomorphological evolution[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1990,45(1):110-120. ] | |
[28] | 廖义善, 蔡强国, 秦奋 , 等. 基于DEM黄土丘陵沟壑区不同尺度流域地貌现状及侵蚀产沙趋势[J]. 山地学报, 2008,26(3):347-355. |
[ Liao Y S, Cai Q G, Qin F , et al. Study on topographic evolution and the eroding trend in hilly loess areas, North China[J]. Mountain Research, 2008,26(3):347-355. ] | |
[29] | Lv T Y, Sun J, Li S H , et al. Vertical variations of luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains from loess/paleosol of Luochuan section in the central Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglacial[J]. Quaternary Geochronology, 2014,22:107-115. |
[30] | 桑广书, 陈雄, 陈小宁 , 等. 黄土丘陵地貌形成模式与地貌演变[J]. 干旱区地理, 2007,30(3):375-380. |
[ Sang G S, Chen X, Chen X N , et al. Formation model and geomorphic evolution of loess hilly landforms[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2007,30(3):375-380. ] | |
[31] | Wang H, Chen J, Zhang X , et al. Palaeosol development in the Chinese Loess Plateau as an indicator of the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon: Evidence for a mid-Holocene maximum[J]. Quaternary International, 2014, 334-335:155-164. |
[32] | Wang R, Løvlie R . Subaerial and subaqueous deposition of loess: Experimental assessment of detrital remanent magnetization in Chinese loess[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2010,298(3-4):394-404. |
[33] | 袁宝印, 郭正堂, 郝青振 , 等. 天水—秦安一带中新世黄土堆积区沉积—地貌演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2007,27(2):161-171. |
[ Yuan B Y, Guo Z T, Hao Q Z , et al. Genozoic evolution of geomorphic and sedimentary environments in the Tianshui-Qin'an regions[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2007,27(2):161-171. ] | |
[34] | 陕西省地质矿产局第二水文地质队. 黄河中游区域工程地质[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1986. |
[ The second hydrogeological team of Shaanxi geology and mineral resources bureau. Regional engineering geology of middle reaches of Yellow River[M]. Beijing: Geological Press, 1986. ] | |
[35] | 乔彦松, 郭正堂, 郝青振 , 等. 中新世黄土—古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义[J]. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2006,36(7):646-653. |
[ Qiao Y S, Guo Z T, Hao Q Z , et al. The grain size characteristics of loess-paleosol sequence in Miocene and its indication to genesis[J]. Science in China Ser. D Earth Sciences, 2006,36(7):646-653. ] | |
[36] | 郭力宇 . 陕北黄土地貌南北纵向分异与基底古样式及水土流失构造因子研究[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学, 2002. |
[ Guo L Y . The relationship between the loess landform and its bedrock type and the impact of the structure on erosion in Shaanbei[D]. Xi'an: Shaanxi Normal University, 2002. ] | |
[37] | 程彦培, 石建省, 杨振京 , 等. 古地形对黄土区岩土侵蚀趋势的控制作用[J]. 干旱区地理, 2010,33(3):334-339. |
[ Cheng Y P, Shi J S, Yang Z J , et al. Control of ancient landform on rock-soil erosion in loess area[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2010,33(3):334-339. ] | |
[38] |
Lv G N, Xiong L Y, Chen M , et al. Chinese progress in geomorphometry[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017,27(11):1389-1412.
doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1442-0 |
[39] | 汤国安, 那嘉明, 程维明 . 我国区域地貌数字地形分析研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017,46(10):1570-1591. |
[ Tang G A, Na J M, Cheng W M . Progress of digital terrain analysis on regional geomorphology in China[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017,46(10):1570-1591. ] | |
[40] | 武春龙, 李壁成, 雷会珠 . 小流域侵蚀地貌演化的计算分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 1997,3(4):55-61. |
[ Wu C L, Li B C, Lei H Z . Quantitative analysis of eroded landform evolution in small watershed[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1997,3(4):55-61. ] | |
[41] | 陈浩, Tsui Y, 蔡强国 , 等. 晋西黄土高原小流域地貌演化特征与水沙过程的动态监测[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004,11(2):1-3. |
[ Chen H, Tsui Y, Cai Q G , et al. Dynamic monitoring of changes of runoff and sediment yield process and landforms evolution on Wangjiagou catchments[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004,11(2):1-3. ] | |
[42] | 翟秀敏, 鹿化煜, 李郎平 , 等. 不同时间尺度洛川塬地貌演化与侵蚀量估算[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012,32(5):839-848. |
[ Zhai X M, Lu H Y, Li L P , et al. Landscape evolution and erosion of Luochuan tableland (central chinese Loess Plateau) at different time scales[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2012,32(5):839-848. ] | |
[43] | 田剑, 汤国安, 赵明伟 . 基于复杂网络模型的黄土模拟流域坡面形态演化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015,31(13):164-170. |
[ Tian J, Tang G A, Zhao M W . Hillslope morphology evolution in loess watershed model based on complex network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015,31(13):164-170. ] | |
[44] | 陈世莉, 罗明良, 王春 , 等. 基于网络图论的黄土模拟小流域水系演化研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2013,41(5):542-546. |
[ Chen S L, Luo M L, Wang C , et al. Research on simulated loess watershed based on the network graph theory[J]. Earth and Environment, 2013,41(5):542-546. ] | |
[45] | 刘光 . 基于GIS的现代黄土地貌演化过程动态仿真研究[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2003. |
[ Liu G . Studies on dynamic simulation for the modern loess geomorphic process based on geographic information systems[D]. Beijing: Peking University, 2003. ] | |
[46] |
Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Zhu A X , et al Paleotopographic controls on modern gully evolution in the loess landforms of China[J]. Science China (Earth Sciences), 2017,60(3):438-451.
doi: 10.1007/s11430-016-0211-5 |
[47] | Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Strobl J , et al Paleotopographic controls on loess deposition in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2016,41(9):1155-1168. |
[48] | Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Zhu A X , et al. Landform-derived placement of electrical resistivity prospecting for paleotopography reconstruction in the loess landforms of China[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2016,131:1-13. |
[49] |
Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Li F Y , et al. Modeling the evolution of loess-covered landforms in the Loess Plateau of China using a DEM of underground bedrock surface[J]. Geomorphology, 2014,209:18-26.
doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.009 |
[50] | Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Yuan B Y , et al. Geomorphological inheritance for loess landform evolution in a severe soil erosion region of Loess Plateau of China based on digital elevation models[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2014,57(8):1944-1952. |
[51] | Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Yan S J , et al. Landform-oriented flow-routing algorithm for the dual-structure loess terrain based on digital elevation models[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2014,28(4):1756-1766. |
[52] | 熊礼阳, 汤国安, 袁宝印 , 等. 基于DEM的黄土高原(重点流失区)地貌演化的继承性研究[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2014,44(2):313-321. |
[ Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Yuan B Y , et al. Geomorphological inheritance for loess landform evolution in a severe soil region of Loess Plateau of China based on digital elevation models[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2014,44(2):313-321. ] | |
[53] | 段家朕, 熊礼阳, 汤国安 . 基岩露头采样密度对黄土古地形重建的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016,18(4):461-468. |
[ Duan J Z, Xiong L Y, Tang G A . Effect of outcrop sampling density on the underlying terrain reconstruction[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016,18(4):461-468. ] | |
[54] | 黄秉维 . 陕甘黄土区域土壤侵蚀的因素和方式[J]. 地理学报, 1953,19(2):163-171, 173-186. |
[ Huang B W . Factors and ways of soil erosion in the loess area of Shaanxi and Gansu[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1953,19(2):163-171, 173-186.] | |
[55] | 景可, 陈永宗 . 黄土高原侵蚀环境与侵蚀速率的初步研究[J]. 地理研究, 1983,2(2):1-11. |
[ Jing K, Chen Z Y . Preliminary study on erosion environment and erosion rate of the Loess Plateau[J]. Geographical Research, 1983,2(2):1-11. ] | |
[56] | 黄秉维 . 编制黄河中游流域土壤侵蚀分区图的经验教训[J]. 科学通报, 1955(12):15-21,14. |
[ Huang B W . Lessons learned from the compilation of soil erosion maps in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Cinese Science Bulletin, 1955(12):15-21,14.] | |
[57] | 白占国 . 黄土高原沟谷侵蚀速率研究──以洛川黄土源区为例[J]. 水土保持研究, 1994,1(5):22-25,30. |
[ Bai Z G . Study of the gully erosion rate on the Loess Platuaeu: Taking Luo Chuan Yuan as an example[J]. Research of Soil and Water Reservation, 1994,1(5):22-25,30. ] | |
[58] | 陈永宗 . 黄土高原沟道流域产沙过程的初步分析[J]. 地理研究, 1983,2(1):35-47. |
[ Chen Y Z . Preliminary analysis of sediment yield process in the channel basin of the Loess Plateau[J]. Geographical Research, 1983,2(1):35-47. ] | |
[59] | 胡刚, 伍永秋 . 发生沟蚀(切沟)的地貌临界研究综述[J]. 山地学报, 2005,23(5):565-570. |
[ Hu G, Wu Y Q . Progress in the study of geomorphic threshold theory in channel (gully) erosion[J]. Journal of Mountain Research, 2005,23(5):565-570.] | |
[60] | 刘秉正, 吴发启 . 黄土塬区沟谷系统的侵蚀发展研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 1993,7(2):33-39. |
[ Liu B Z, Wu F Q . A study on gully and valley erosion and its developments in Loess Yuan Area[J]. Research of Soil and Water Reservation, 1993,7(2):33-39. ] | |
[61] | 陈浩, 王开章 . 黄河中游小流域坡沟侵蚀关系研究[J]. 地理研究, 1999,18(4):363-372. |
[ Chen H, Wang K Z . A study on the slope-gully erosion relationship on small basins in the loess areas at the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Geographical Reseach, 1999,18(4):363-372. ] | |
[62] | 刘增文, 李雅素 . 黄土残塬区侵蚀沟道分类研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 2003(9):28-30. |
[ Liu Z W, Li S Y . Study on classification of gully erosion in the remained Loess Area[J]. Soil and Water Reservation in China, 2003(9):28-30. ] | |
[63] | Cheng W M; Zhou C H, Li B Y , et al. Structure and contents of layered classification system of digital geomorphology for China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2011,2105): 771-790. |
[64] | 陈传康 . 陇东东南部黄土地形类型及其发育规律[J]. 地理学报, 1956,22(3):223-231. |
[ Chen C K . Types and development of loess land in southeast of east Gansu Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1956,22(3):223-231. ] | |
[65] | 桑广书, 甘枝茂 . 洛川塬区晚中更新世以来沟谷发育与土壤侵蚀量变化初探[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005,19(1):109-113. |
[ Sang G S, Gan Z M . Preliminary research on valleys and gullies development process and quantity of soil erosion changes in Luochuan Loess Plateau region since Late Middle-Pleistocene[J]. Research of Soil and Water Reservation, 2005,19(1):109-113. ] | |
[66] | 严宝文, 王涛, 马耀光 . 黄土高原水蚀沟谷发育阶段研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2004,26(6):16-18. |
[ Yan B W, Wang T, Ma Y G . Study on the development stage of water erosion valley in the Loess Plateau[J]. Yellow River, 2004,26(6):16-18. ] | |
[67] | 何雨, 贾铁飞, 李容全 . 黄土丘陵区沟谷发育及其稳定性评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 1999,22(2):64-70. |
[ He Y, Jia T F, Li R Q . Developments of gully and evaluation of their stability in the loess hill region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 1999,22(2):64-70. ] | |
[68] | 何建邦, 吴健康, 杜道生 . 黄土高原(重点产沙区)信息系统研究[M]. 北京: 测绘出版社, 1988. |
[ He J B, Ww J K, Du D S . Research on information system of Loess Plateau (key sand production area)[M]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Publishing House, 1988. ] | |
[69] | 程维明, 周成虎, 申元村 , 等. 中国近40年来地貌学研究的回顾与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017,72(5):755-775. |
[ Cheng W M, Zhou C H, Shen Y C , et al. Research and perspectives on geomorphology in China: Four decades in retrospect[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(5):755-775. ] | |
[70] | 李志林, 朱庆, 谢潇 . 数字高程模型(第三版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018. |
[ Li Z L, Zhu Q, Xie X . Digital elevation model[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018. ] | |
[71] | 李军锋, 李天文, 陈正江 , 等. 基于DEM的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区沟谷网络节点研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2005(3):386-391. |
[ Li J F, Li T W, Chen Z J , et al. Research on channel network nodes based on DEM in hill and gully area of the Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2005(3):386-391. ] | |
[72] | Zhu H C, Tang G A, Qian K J, Liu H Y . Extraction and analysis of Gully Head of Loess Plateau in China based on digital elevation model[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2014,24(3):328-338. |
[73] | 刘涛, 赵金梅, 宫东海 , 等. 基于能量累积的水系裂点提取分析[J]. 地下水, 2013,35(6):159-160. |
[ Liu T, Zhao J M, Gong D H , et al. Extraction and analysis of water system fracture points based on energy accumulation[J]. Ground Water, 2013,35(6):159-160. ] | |
[74] | 罗明良 . 基于DEM的地形特征点簇研究[D]. 成都:中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 2008. |
[ Luo M L . Research on terrain feature point cluster based on DEMs[D]. Chengdu: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, 2008. ] | |
[75] | O'Callaghan J F, Mark David M . The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data[J]. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 1984,28(3):323-344. |
[76] | 闾国年, 钱亚东, 陈钟明 . 黄土丘陵沟壑区沟谷网络自动制图技术研究[J]. 测绘学报, 1998,27(2):40-46. |
[ Lv G N, Qian Y D, Chen Z M . Study of automated mapping of channel network in hilly loess Region[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1998,27(2):40-46. ] | |
[77] |
Zhou Q, Liu X . Error assessment of grid-based flow routing algorithms used in hydrological models[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2002,16(8) 819-842.
doi: 10.1080/13658810210149425 |
[78] | Qin C Z, Zhu A X, Tao P , et al. An adaptive approach to selecting a flow-partition exponent for a multiple-flow-direction algorithm[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2007,21(4):443-458. |
[79] | 周毅, 汤国安, 张婷 , 等. 基于格网DEM线状分析窗口的地形特征线快速提取方法[J]. 测绘通报, 2007,10:67-69. |
[ Zhou Y, Tang G A, Zhang T , et al. A new method for the derivation of terrain skeleton lines based on wire-like analysis window in grid[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2007,10:67-69. ] | |
[80] | 陈楠, 王钦敏, 汤国安 , 等. 基于BP神经网络自动提取沟谷研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2006,4(5):30-34. |
[ Chen N, Wang Q M, Tang G A , et al. Automatic extraction of channels and valleys based on BP neural network[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006,4(5):30-34. ] | |
[81] | 陈玉敏, 吴钱娇, 巴倩倩 , 等. 多尺度地表水动态模拟及应用[J]. 测绘学报, 2015,44(S1):36-41. |
[ Chen Y M, Wu Q J, Ba Q Q , et al. Application research of multi-scale simulation of surface flow dynamics[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2015,44(S1):36-41. ] | |
[82] | 张宏鸣, 杨勤科, 王猛 , 等. 沟道截断对分布式土壤侵蚀学坡长提取的影响[J]. 水利学报, 2017,48(5):568-575. |
[ Zhang H M, Yang Q K, Wang M , et al. Effect of channel networks cutoff on extraction of distributed erosion slope length[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2017,48(5):568-575. ] | |
[83] | 邬伦, 汪大明, 张毅 . 基于DEM的水流方向算法研究[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2006,11(7):998-1003. |
[ Wu L, Wang D M, Zhang Y . Research on the algorithms of the flow direction determination in ditches extraction based on grid DEM[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2006,11(7):998-1003. ] | |
[84] | 熊波, 陈学华, 刘艳峰 . 基于DEM的沟谷分形分维研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2009,31(11):44-45,78. |
[ Xiong B, Chen X H, Liu Y F . Research on fractal dimension of Valley based on DEM[J]. Yellow River, 2009,31(11):44-45,78. ] | |
[85] | 陆中臣 . 流域地貌系统[M]. 大连: 大连出版社, 1991. |
[ Lu Z C . Basin geomorphic system[M]. Dalian: Dalian Press, 1991. ] | |
[86] | 孟庆枚 . 黄土高原水土保持[M]. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 1996. |
[ Meng Q M . Soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau[M]. Zhengzhou: The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 1996. ] | |
[87] | 蒋定生 . 黄土高原水土流失与治理模式[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 1997. |
[ Jiang D S . Soil and water loss and control model in the Loess Plateau[M]. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 1997. ] | |
[88] | 承继成, 江美球 . 流域地貌数学模型[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1986. |
[ Cheng J C, Jiang M Q . Mathematical model of basin geomorphology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1986. ] | |
[89] | Kompani-Zare M, Soufi M, Hamzehzarghani H , et al. The effect of some watershed, soil characteristics and morphometric factors on the relationship between the gully volume and length in Fars Province, Iran[J]. Catena, 2011,86(3):150-159. |
[90] | Zhao J, Vanmaercke M, Chen L Q , et al. Vegetation cover and topography rather than human disturbance control gully density and sediment production on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Geomorphology, 2016,274:92-105. |
[91] |
Castillo C Gómez, J.A . A century of gully erosion research: Urgency, complexity and study approaches[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016,160:300-319.
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.009 |
[92] | Deng Q C, Qin F C, Zhang B , et al. Characterizing the morphology of gully cross-sections based on PCA: A case of Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley[J]. Geomorphology, 2015,228:703-713. |
[93] | 陆中臣, 周金星, 陈浩 . 黄河下游河床纵剖面形态及其地文学意义[J]. 地理研究, 2003,22(1):30-38. |
[ Lu Z C, Zhou J X, Chen H . River bed longitudinal profile morphology of the lower Yellow River and its implication in physiography[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(1):30-38. ] | |
[94] | Ding L, Qin FC, Fang HD , et al. Morphology and controlling factors of the longitudinal profile of gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2017,14(4):674-693. |
[95] |
Chen C Y, Willett S D . Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2016,41(15):2223-2238.
doi: 10.1002/esp.v41.15 |
[96] | Strahler A N . The earth sciences, Harper and Row[M]. New York: Pub New York and London, 1963. |
[97] | Horton R E, Horton R, Horton H . Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins, hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology[J]. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 1945,56(3):275-370. |
[98] | Shreve R L . Statistical law of stream numbers[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1966,74(1):17-37. |
[99] | 景可 . 黄土高原沟谷侵蚀研究[J]. 地理科学, 1986,6(4):340-347. |
[ Jing K . Study on gully erosion in the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1986,6(4):340-347. |
[1] | 何永红, 靳鹏伟, 舒敏. 基于多尺度相关性分析的InSAR对流层延迟误差改正算法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(9): 1878-1886. |
[2] | 陶宇, 王春, 徐燕, 张光祖, 宋素素, 杨维. DEM建模视角下的城市道路分类与表达[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(8): 1589-1596. |
[3] | 秦承志. 数字地形分析方法研究的维度——精准、高效、易用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(4): 720-730. |
[4] | 李思进, 代文, 熊礼阳, 汤国安. DEM分辨率对黄土侵蚀沟形态特征表达的不确定性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 338-350. |
[5] | 蔡顺, 耿豪鹏, 郑炜珊, 潘保田. 基于傅里叶变换的谷间距特征信息提取及其影响因素研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 399-409. |
[6] | 雷雪, 周毅, 李阳, 王泽涛. 基于DEM的黄土地貌逼近度因子构建及特征分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 431-441. |
[7] | 曹建军, 汤国安, 方炫, 刘永娟, 那嘉明, 朱莹, 李金莲. 基于地形剖面的黄土塬梁峁地形各向异性奇异强度研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 442-451. |
[8] | 曹泽涛, 方子东, 姚瑾, 熊礼阳. 基于随机森林的黄土地貌分类研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 452-463. |
[9] | 顾文亚, 孟祥瑞, 朱晓晨, 邱新法. 基于BEMD分解的地貌分类研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 464-473. |
[10] | 张兴航, 张百平, 王晶, 姚永慧, 余付勤. 神农架林区植被分布与地形的关系研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 482-493. |
[11] | 吴钱娇, 陈玉敏. 基于CUDA的地表水动态模拟并行方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(3): 505-515. |
[12] | 陈霄燕, 潘军, 邢立新, 蒋立军, 孙也涵, 仲伟敬, 范博文. 桂林-阳朔地区DEM地形特征与岩性相关性分析及分类研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(12): 1867-1876. |
[13] | 李明凤, 闵超, 张阿思, 肖柳斯, 黄朝盈, 詹棠, 陈生. 基于SRTM数据的广东新一代天气雷达覆盖研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(8): 1201-1208. |
[14] | 孟伟, 李润奎, 段峥, 徐江, 宋现锋. 基于地貌特征的数字高程模型融合方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(7): 895-905. |
[15] | 江岭, 凌德泉, 赵明伟, 王春, 曾微波. 顾及多分析尺度的地形部位面向对象分类方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(3): 281-290. |
|