从地理信息系统到智能地理系统

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190802

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 2-10.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190802

从地理信息系统到智能地理系统

苏奋振^1,^2,³, 吴文周^1,², 张宇^1,^2,^*(), 康路^1,², 李晓恩^1,^2,³

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
^2. 中国南海研究协同创新中心,南京 210023
^3. 兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2019-12-02 修回日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-04-08
作者简介:苏奋振（1972— ）,男,福建永定人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事高维动态时空信息的组织管理、智能挖掘和系统开发等研究工作。E-mail: sufz@lreis.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1402903);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1402902)

From Geographic Information System to Intelligent Geographic System

SU Fenzhen^1,^2,³, WU Wenzhou^1,², ZHANG Yu^1,^2,^*(), KANG Lu^1,², LI Xiaoen^1,^2,³

^1. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^2. Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, China
^3. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2019-12-02 Revised:2019-12-26 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-04-08
Contact: ZHANG Yu
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1402903);National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1402902)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地理系统是自然与人文要素构成的,分布在地球表层空间中,具有生成、维持或转换物质形态和能量形式,或驱动物质和能量流动等功能的有机整体,表征为自然与人文要素及其相互作用的空间分布、结构、格局、演化和功能。地理系统分层级广泛存在于地球表层空间,是客观现实系统。地理信息系统将地理系统用数字投影到信息世界中,进而考察、分析和制定改造地理系统的方案。由此存在2个地理系统,即现实地理系统和信息地理系统,2个地理系统长期独立存在,各自演化。近些年,融合实时观测和物联网技术,现实地理系统的变化或演变已基本能够实时投影到信息地理系统中,即2个系统不再是独立演化,信息地理系统成为现实地理系统的镜像,现实地理系统一旦发生变化,信息地理系统同步变化。当前,人类科技正以前所未有的速度发展,特别是云服务、大数据、人工智能的异常迅猛发展,使得信息地理系统不再满足于成为现实地理系统的镜像,开始利用人工智能和无人自动控制技术,实现与现实世界的融合,即通过信息地理系统的操作,实现现实地理系统的改变。如此,未来现实地理系统与信息地理系统的界线日趋模糊,直至2个系统完全融合,不再区分现实地理系统和信息地理系统。本文暂且以智能地理系统指征这种融合2个世界的系统,并以南海岛礁的无人值守智能系统为例,展示现实地理系统与信息地理系统的融合与操作交互,实现岛礁地理环境和人工设施监测、保护、应对和操作的无人化和智能化。

关键词: 智能地理系统, 虚拟现实, 物联网, 人工智能

Abstract:

Geographical system, composed of natural and human elements, distributed in the earth's surface space, is provided with the functions of generating, maintaining or transforming material forms and energy forms, or driving the flow of material and energy. It is characterized by natural and human elements and their interactions on spatial distribution, structure, pattern, evolution and function factors. Geographical system is an objective reality system which generally consisted in earth with multi-levels. The geographic system was represented by the geographic information system by a information world with digital form. Then make the plans to transform geographical system by investigating and analyzing the received information. Therefore, two geographic systems, namely real geographic system and information geographic system, are co-existed for a long time and evolved independently. In recent years, with the integration of real-time observation and Internet of Things Technology (IoT), the real-time representation from the real geographic system represented into the information geographic system is coming true. Therefore, two systems evolve no longer independently, and the information geographic system is becoming a mirror of the real geographic system. Once the real geographic system changes, the information geographic system changes simultaneously. At present, the development with an unprecedented speed of human science and technology, especially the cloud services, big data and artificial intelligence, makes the information geographic system no longer be satisfied with being a mirror of the real geographic system. The artificial intelligence and unmanned automation control technology are adopted to achieve the integration of the real world and information world. The real geographic system can be changed through the operation of information geographic system. In the future, the boundary between the real geographic system and the information geographic system will become blurred and the two systems will be fully integrated with no distinguish at last. This article takes the intelligent geographic system to indicate this system, which integrates two worlds, and uses an unattended intelligent system designed for the South Island Reef as an example to show the integration and interoperation of the real geographic system and the information geographic system. The system realizes unmanned and intelligent monitoring, protection, response and operation for the island reef geographic environment and artificial facilities.

Key words: intelligent geographic system, virtual reality, internet of things, artificial intelligence

苏奋振, 吴文周, 张宇, 康路, 李晓恩. 从地理信息系统到智能地理系统[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(1): 2-10.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190802

SU Fenzhen, WU Wenzhou, ZHANG Yu, KANG Lu, LI Xiaoen. From Geographic Information System to Intelligent Geographic System[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2020, 22(1): 2-10.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.190802

图/表 5

参考文献 15

[1]	钱学森, 于景元, 戴汝为 . 一个科学新领域——开放的复杂巨系统及其方法论[J]. 自然杂志, 1990,13(1):3-10.
	[ Qian X S, Yu J Y, Dai R W . A new field of science: Open complex giant system and its methodology[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 1990,13(1):3-10. ]
[2]	陈述彭 . 地理系统与地理信息系统[J]. 地理学报, 1991,13(1):3-9.
	[ Chen S P . Geo-system and geo-information system[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1991,13(1):3-9. ]
[3]	龚健雅 . 地理信息系统基础[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
	[ Gong J Y. Geographic information system basics[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2001. ].
[4]	陈述彭 . 地理信息系统导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999.
	[ Chen S P. Introduction to geographic information system[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1999. ]
[5]	吴信才 . 地理信息系统原理与方法[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2014.
	[ Wu X C. Principles and methods of geographic information system[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2014. ]
[6]	Goodchild M F . Geographic information system[M]. Newyork: Springer US, 2009.
[7]	李德仁, 龚健雅, 邵振峰 . 从数字地球到智慧地球[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2010, 35(2): 127-132, 253-254.
	[ Li D R, Gong J Y, Shao Z F . From digital earth to smart earth[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(2): 127-132, 253-254. ]
[8]	Wu C, Zhu Q, Zhang Y T , et al. A NoSQL-SQL hybrid organization and management approach for real-time geospatial data: A case study of public security video surveillance[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2017,6(1):21.
[9]	Li W W, Batty M, Goodchild M F . Real-time GIS for smart cities[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2019, DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2019.1 673397.
[10]	李德仁 . 展望大数据时代的地球空间信息学[J]. 测绘学报, 2016,45(4):379-384.
	[ Li D R . Towards geo-spatial information science in big data era[J]. Acta Geodaetica et CartographicaSinica, 2016,45(4):379-384. ]
[11]	Broring A, Echterhoff J, Jirka S , et al. New generation sensor web enablement[J]. Sensors, 2011,11(3):2652-2699.
[12]	周成虎 . 全空间地理信息系统展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015,34(2):129-131.
	[ Zhou C H . Prospects on pan-spatial information system[J]. Progress in Geography, 2015,34(2):129-131. ]
[13]	苏奋振, 周成虎 . 过程地理信息系统框架基础与原型构建[J]. 地理研究, 2006,25(3):477-484.
	[ Su F Z, Zhou C H . A framework for process geographical information system[J]. Geographical Research, 2006,25(3):477-484. ]
[14]	林珲, 黄凤茹, 鲁学军 , 等. 虚拟地理环境认知与表达研究初步[J]. 遥感学报, 2010,14(4):822-838.
	[ Lin H, Huang F R, Lu X J , et al. Preliminary study on virtual geographic environment cognition and representation[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010,14(4):822-838. ]
[15]	Egenhofer M, Glasgow J, Gunther O , et al. Progress in computational methods for representing geographical concepts[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1999,13(8):775-796.

从地理信息系统到智能地理系统

From Geographic Information System to Intelligent Geographic System

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 15

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	李军, 刘举庆, 游林, 董恒, 俞艳, 张晓盼, 钟文军, 杨典华. 多源大数据支持的土地储备智能决策模型集研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(2): 299-309.
[2]	王迪, 钱海忠, 赵钰哲. 综述与展望：地理空间数据的管理、多尺度变换与表达[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(12): 2265-2281.
[3]	覃湘栋, 庞治国, 江威, 冯天时, 付俊娥. 土壤水分微波反演方法进展和发展趋势[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(10): 1728-1742.
[4]	宋关福, 陈勇, 罗强, 武梦瑶. GIS基础软件技术体系发展及展望[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(1): 2-15.
[5]	宋关福, 卢浩, 王晨亮, 胡辰璞, 黄科佳. 人工智能GIS软件技术体系初探[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(1): 76-87.
[6]	马晓辉,周洁萍,龚建华,黄琳,李文航,邹宇玲. 面向室内应急疏散标识的VR眼动感知实验与布局评估[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(8): 1170-1182.
[7]	张丽英, 裴韬, 陈宜金, 宋辞, 刘小茜. 基于街景图像的城市环境评价研究综述[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(1): 46-58.
[8]	董志南, 郑拴宁, 赵会兵, 董仁才. 基于空间插值的风场模拟方法比较分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(1): 37-44.
[9]	江辉仙, 黄达沧, 林广发. 街区突发性泄漏的气体扩散过程仿真技术的集成试验[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2011, 13(5): 637-643.
[10]	唐海涛, 王船海. 虚拟现实的三维时态GIS模式研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2008, 10(2): 206-213.
[11]	杨化超, 罗德利. 基于OpenGL的三维地形实时动态交互显示[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2004, 6(4): 90-92.
[12]	冷海龙, 卞正富. 矿山虚拟现实中多细节层次模型的应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2004, 6(3): 84-89.
[13]	葛咏, 王劲峰, 梁怡, 王贞松. SAR系统不确定性可视化表达及其应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2003, 5(3): 86-90.
[14]	谢传节, 孟雪莲, 万洪涛, 姚长青. 虚拟GIS数据模型的设计及其主动式面向对象数据库系统的实现[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2002, 4(4): 43-49.
[15]	李智, 陈强. “数字油田”的设计与应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2002, 4(4): 97-100.