新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情可视化进展与分析

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新冠肺炎疫情期间,疫情数据成为民众关注的重点,涌现出了大量可视化图件,及时地向公众传达着疫情的数量信息和时空分布及变化,帮助大众快速了解疫情当前状况、推断发展趋势。本文从疫情数据可视化表达内容的维度出发,分析不同可视化的表达形式以及其对疫情数据的加工程度,结合示例把可视化分为“1阶”、“2阶”和“多阶”,并分析各自表达的数据类型、表达方式、设计特点和信息传递。同时,针对疫情可视化中的不足,探讨了数据统计中制图单元多级选择、数据分类中的极值处理问题,以及疫情可视化手段中不同颜色的内涵、质底法地图中区域面积和统计单元的影响、符号地图中符号压盖处理、热力图中比例尺的影响、统计图表和标注信息等在疫情可视化中的设计问题,指出疫情可视化设计中的视觉效果误用、设计过于复杂的误区,最后指出疫情信息可视化应具备讲故事的能力、问题针对性的特点,以图面简洁、高效信息传递为根本,为制图者合理设计图表和用户理性阅读疫情地图提供参考。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 可视化, 质底法, 热力图, 时空关系, 信息传递, 地图符号, 图表设计

Abstract:

The COVID-19 epidemic has extremely attracted our attentions and lots of maps and visualization charts were created to represent and disseminate the information about COVID-19 in time, which exactly became a key role for the public to acquire and understand the quantitative information and spatial-temporal information of COVID-19. The paper analyzed the dimension of data for COVID-19 and processing levels about them, then divided the COVID-19 visualization into three types, that is 1-order visualization, 2-order visualization and multi-order visualization for COVID-19, based on direct data or indirect data of COVID-19 with the corresponding visualization methods, characteristics and information transmission Shortcomings and weakness of visualization methods for COVID-19 were analyzed in details, from the aspects of multiple scale unit in spatial data statistics, max value dealing in data classification, also many key design points were described including color connotation in disease visualization, the influences of area / unit size in visualization, symbol overlapping, multiple-scale heat maps and labels in statistical tables. The paper indicated the visualization traps of COVID-19, such as misuse of visual effects and excessive visualization, and reasonable abilities of COVID-19 visualization including map-story narrative methods and visualization pertinence for specific problems should be considered sufficiently to provide the references for cartographers to design the maps and for readers to understand the maps.

Key words: COVID-19, data visualization, color unit method, heat map, spatial temporal relationship, information transmission, map symbol, diagram design

应申, 窦小影, 徐雅洁, 苏俊如, 李霖. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情可视化进展与分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(2): 211-221.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200301

YING Shen, DOU Xiaoying, XU Yajie, SU Junru, LI Lin. Visualization of the Epidemic Situation of COVID-19[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021, 23(2): 211-221.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200301

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图表类型	表达内容	欠缺点
质底法地图	区域差异	整体上对面积小的区域表达不友好
符号地图	区域差异	面积小的聚集区域容易符号压盖
热力图	整体分布、扩散情况	区域具体数值
动态地图	历史演变情况	Web应用动态图多,静态多以快照形式展示
柱状图	直观比较数据大小	空间信息表达弱
折线图	展示变化趋势	无法表达空间关系
饼图	比较数据大小	空间信息表达弱
河流图	类别之间比较和各类变化趋势	空间信息表达弱
晴雨表	类别比较和变化趋势	无法表达空间关系