地球信息科学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 479-491.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306
冯京辉1(), 李鹏2,3,*(
), 肖池伟2,3, 祁月基2,3, 李霞1
收稿日期:
2020-06-15
修回日期:
2020-07-31
出版日期:
2021-03-25
发布日期:
2021-05-25
通讯作者:
李鹏
E-mail:fjh612@126.com;lip@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:
冯京辉(1996-),女,陕西延安人,硕士生,主要从事边境土地利用研究。E-mail: fjh612@126.com
基金资助:
FENG Jinghui1(), LI Peng2,3,*(
), XIAO Chiwei2,3, QI Yueji2,3, LI Xia1
Received:
2020-06-15
Revised:
2020-07-31
Online:
2021-03-25
Published:
2021-05-25
Contact:
LI Peng
E-mail:fjh612@126.com;lip@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
自泰国总理差猜1988年提出“变印支战场为市场”倡议以来,泰国与毗邻国家(缅、老和柬)的地缘关系由政治阻隔转向经济合作,并在其边境(尤其是口岸)引发不同程度的土地覆被/利用变化。利用美国国际开发署SERVIR-Mekong项目土地覆被产品,基于GIS空间分析对泰缅、泰老和泰柬边境地带(国界线两侧20 km缓冲区)1988、1998、2008、2018年的土地覆被现状及其时空变化、以及因农业扩张与集约化引起森林变化的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征进行了定量研究与国别对比。结果表明:① 森林、耕地和果园是3条边境主要土地覆被类型,土地占比超过96%,其中森林因农业扩张与集约化而持续减少。② 农业扩张与集约化引起的森林转换时空特征显著,即泰缅、泰老边境于1998—2008年在湄索(泰)-妙瓦底(缅)口岸、汶干(泰)-北汕(老)口岸附近及“金三角”地区较为剧烈,泰柬边境则在1988—1998年内于卡普曾(泰)-奥斯玛(柬)口岸周边较为突出,土地占比超七成。③ 边境地区农业扩张与集约化引起的森林变化具有明显的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征。农业扩张所致森林变化在泰老边境由同向变化转为反向趋异,在泰缅边境两侧由强抵边转为在缅一侧抵边更为明显,在泰柬边境主要表现为先抵边后离边再抵边。集约化生产所致森林变化在泰老边境表现为泰国一侧抵边更强,在泰缅缅甸一侧为离边到抵边,在泰柬边境两侧主要为反向抵边。④ 边境森林变化的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征分析表明,泰国对老挝的影响最大,柬埔寨次之,缅甸最次。本研究可为从地理学空间视角研究边境土地利用与地缘经济关系交叉互动提供启发。
冯京辉, 李鹏, 肖池伟, 祁月基, 李霞. 地缘经济背景下泰国及其毗邻国家边境农业扩张与集约化抵边特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(3): 479-491.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306
FENG Jinghui, LI Peng, XIAO Chiwei, QI Yueji, LI Xia. Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021, 23(3): 479-491.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306
表1
1988-2018年泰缅、泰老、泰柬边境地区林-耕(农业扩张)面积变化"
林-耕(农业扩张)面积变化 | 泰老边境 | 泰缅边境 | 泰柬边境 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰国一侧 | 老挝一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 缅甸一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 柬埔寨一侧 | |||
1988-1998年(0~5 km) | 380 | 352 | 175 | 108 | 65 | 194 | ||
1988-1998年(5~10 km) | 522 | 282 | 137 | 48 | 151 | 163 | ||
1988-1998年(10~15 km) | 573 | 242 | 92 | 36 | 195 | 122 | ||
1988-1998年(15~20 km) | 593 | 229 | 98 | 32 | 205 | 89 | ||
1998-2008年(0~5 km) | 405 | 454 | 133 | 252 | 37 | 161 | ||
1998-2008年(5~10 km) | 540 | 503 | 100 | 129 | 72 | 241 | ||
1998-2008年(10~15 km) | 557 | 484 | 80 | 81 | 88 | 278 | ||
1998-2008年(15~20 km) | 574 | 382 | 106 | 58 | 90 | 196 | ||
2008-2018年(0~5 km) | 46 | 79 | 22 | 57 | 3 | 71 | ||
2008-2018年(5~10 km) | 900 | 88 | 17 | 42 | 3 | 82 | ||
2008-2018年(10~15 km) | -790 | 78 | 15 | 28 | 5 | 78 | ||
2008-2018年(15~20 km) | 56 | 61 | 19 | 18 | 6 | 59 |
表2
1988-2018年泰缅、泰老、泰柬边境地区林-园(商品作物集约化生产)面积变化"
林-园(商品作物集约化生产)面积变化 | 泰老边境 | 泰缅边境 | 泰柬边境 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰国一侧 | 老挝一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 缅甸一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 柬埔寨一侧 | |||
1988-1998年(0~5 km) | 91 | 234 | 130 | 146 | 89 | 171 | ||
1988-1998年(5~10 km) | 100 | 243 | 135 | 204 | 42 | 171 | ||
1988-1998年(10~15 km) | 87 | 282 | 136 | 222 | 47 | 154 | ||
1988-1998年(15~20 km) | 64 | 257 | 48 | 142 | 145 | 260 | ||
1998-2008年(0~5 km) | 405 | 454 | 133 | 252 | 37 | 161 | ||
1998-2008年(5~10 km) | 258 | 350 | 120 | 234 | 58 | 95 | ||
1998-2008年(10~15 km) | 241 | 331 | 124 | 248 | 73 | 67 | ||
1998-2008年(15~20 km) | 179 | 370 | 125 | 265 | 64 | 77 | ||
2008-2018年(0~5 km) | 74 | 111 | 41 | 50 | 26 | 52 | ||
2008-2018年(5~10 km) | 377 | 112 | 44 | 51 | 15 | 34 | ||
2008-2018年(10~15 km) | -219 | 107 | 44 | 44 | 15 | 22 | ||
2008-2018年(15~20 km) | 61 | 103 | 46 | 43 | 15 | 27 |
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