地缘经济背景下泰国及其毗邻国家边境农业扩张与集约化抵边特征

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 479-491.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306

• 地理空间分析综合应用 • 上一篇下一篇

地缘经济背景下泰国及其毗邻国家边境农业扩张与集约化抵边特征

冯京辉¹(), 李鹏²^,³^,^*(), 肖池伟²^,³, 祁月基²^,³, 李霞¹

1.长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安 710054
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-06-15 修回日期:2020-07-31 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-05-25
通讯作者: 李鹏 E-mail:fjh612@126.com;lip@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:冯京辉（1996-）,女,陕西延安人,硕士生,主要从事边境土地利用研究。E-mail: fjh612@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971242);国家自然科学基金项目(42001226);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“秉维”优秀青年人才计划(2018RC201);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员人才专项(CAS2020055)

Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy

FENG Jinghui¹(), LI Peng²^,³^,^*(), XIAO Chiwei²^,³, QI Yueji²^,³, LI Xia¹

1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3. School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-06-15 Revised:2020-07-31 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-05-25
Contact: LI Peng E-mail:fjh612@126.com;lip@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971242);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001226);Program for BINGWEI Excellent Young Talents of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018RC201);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS2020055)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自泰国总理差猜1988年提出“变印支战场为市场”倡议以来,泰国与毗邻国家（缅、老和柬）的地缘关系由政治阻隔转向经济合作,并在其边境（尤其是口岸）引发不同程度的土地覆被/利用变化。利用美国国际开发署SERVIR-Mekong项目土地覆被产品,基于GIS空间分析对泰缅、泰老和泰柬边境地带（国界线两侧20 km缓冲区）1988、1998、2008、2018年的土地覆被现状及其时空变化、以及因农业扩张与集约化引起森林变化的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征进行了定量研究与国别对比。结果表明：① 森林、耕地和果园是3条边境主要土地覆被类型,土地占比超过96%,其中森林因农业扩张与集约化而持续减少。② 农业扩张与集约化引起的森林转换时空特征显著,即泰缅、泰老边境于1998—2008年在湄索（泰）-妙瓦底（缅）口岸、汶干（泰）-北汕（老）口岸附近及“金三角”地区较为剧烈,泰柬边境则在1988—1998年内于卡普曾（泰）-奥斯玛（柬）口岸周边较为突出,土地占比超七成。③ 边境地区农业扩张与集约化引起的森林变化具有明显的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征。农业扩张所致森林变化在泰老边境由同向变化转为反向趋异,在泰缅边境两侧由强抵边转为在缅一侧抵边更为明显,在泰柬边境主要表现为先抵边后离边再抵边。集约化生产所致森林变化在泰老边境表现为泰国一侧抵边更强,在泰缅缅甸一侧为离边到抵边,在泰柬边境两侧主要为反向抵边。④ 边境森林变化的抵边/离边、趋同/趋异特征分析表明,泰国对老挝的影响最大,柬埔寨次之,缅甸最次。本研究可为从地理学空间视角研究边境土地利用与地缘经济关系交叉互动提供启发。

关键词: 边境, 土地覆被变化, 抵边/离边, 趋同/趋异, 地缘经济合作, SERVIR-Mekong

Abstract:

Since the implementation of the initiative of “Turning the Battlefields into Marketplaces” by Thai Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan in 1988, the relation between Thailand and its neighboring countries (including Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) has shifted from political isolation to economic cooperation, which leads to varying degrees of land cover / use changes in the border areas (particularly the border crossings). With the land cover data products gathered from the US Agency for International Development's SERVIR-Mekong project, the status of land cover types and their spatial and temporal changes were quantitatively analyzed and compared between different countries using GIS-based spatial analysis, followed by the characteristics analyses of bordering and off-bordering, convergence and divergence of forest cover dynamics due to agricultural expansion (increased cropland) and cash-crops intensification (increased orchard or plantation) within the 20-km buffer areas of Thailand-Myanmar, Thailand-Laos, and Thailand-Cambodia borders in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018. The results show that: (1) Forests, cropland, and orchards (including plantations) were the main types of land cover in the border areas of Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia in the past decades, accounting for over 96%. An overall decrease of forests was also seen because of agricultural expansion and intensive production of commercial crops. (2) The forests conversion had obvious spatial and temporal features. Extensive forest transformations occurred in the neighborhood area of the border crossings of Mae Sot (Thailand)-Myawady (Myanmar) and Bueng Kan (Thailand)-Paksan (Laos) as well as the “Golden Triangle” area among Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos during 1998-2008. Similar transitions were also observed in the neighborhood area of the border crossings of Kap Choeng (Thailand)-Osmach(Cambodia) from 1988 to 1998, accounting for more than 70%. (3) Agricultural expansion and cash-crops intensification showed obvious characteristics of bordering and off-bordering, convergence and divergence in the border areas. Specifically, the forest changes caused by agricultural expansion has changed from the same to opposite direction showing divergence in the Thai-Lao border, from bilateral stronger bordering to unilateral bordering in the Myanmar side along the Thai-Burmese border, and from bordering to off-bordering and back to bordering in the Thai-Cambodian border. The forest changes caused by intensive production showed stronger bordering in the Thai-side of Thai-Lao border, from off-bordering to bordering in the Burmese side of Thai-Myanmar border, and bilateral opposite bordering of Thai-Cambodian border. (4) Bordering characteristics analysis of forest change indicated that Thailand had the greatest geo-influence on Laos, followed by Cambodia and Myanmar. Our study contributes to further investigating the cross-interaction between border land use and geo-economic relations from the perspective of spatial difference in Geography.

Key words: Border areas, land cover changes, bordering and off-bordering, convergence and divergence, geo-economic cooperation, SERVIR-Mekong

冯京辉, 李鹏, 肖池伟, 祁月基, 李霞. 地缘经济背景下泰国及其毗邻国家边境农业扩张与集约化抵边特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(3): 479-491.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306

FENG Jinghui, LI Peng, XIAO Chiwei, QI Yueji, LI Xia. Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021, 23(3): 479-491.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306

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林-耕（农业扩张）面积变化	泰老边境		泰缅边境		泰柬边境
林-耕（农业扩张）面积变化	泰国一侧	老挝一侧	泰国一侧	缅甸一侧	泰国一侧	柬埔寨一侧
1988-1998年（0~5 km）	380	352	175	108	65	194
1988-1998年（5~10 km）	522	282	137	48	151	163
1988-1998年（10~15 km）	573	242	92	36	195	122
1988-1998年（15~20 km）	593	229	98	32	205	89
1998-2008年（0~5 km）	405	454	133	252	37	161
1998-2008年（5~10 km）	540	503	100	129	72	241
1998-2008年（10~15 km）	557	484	80	81	88	278
1998-2008年（15~20 km）	574	382	106	58	90	196
2008-2018年（0~5 km）	46	79	22	57	3	71
2008-2018年（5~10 km）	900	88	17	42	3	82
2008-2018年（10~15 km）	-790	78	15	28	5	78
2008-2018年（15~20 km）	56	61	19	18	6	59

林-园（商品作物集约化生产）面积变化	泰老边境		泰缅边境		泰柬边境
林-园（商品作物集约化生产）面积变化	泰国一侧	老挝一侧	泰国一侧	缅甸一侧	泰国一侧	柬埔寨一侧
1988-1998年（0~5 km）	91	234	130	146	89	171
1988-1998年（5~10 km）	100	243	135	204	42	171
1988-1998年（10~15 km）	87	282	136	222	47	154
1988-1998年（15~20 km）	64	257	48	142	145	260
1998-2008年（0~5 km）	405	454	133	252	37	161
1998-2008年（5~10 km）	258	350	120	234	58	95
1998-2008年（10~15 km）	241	331	124	248	73	67
1998-2008年（15~20 km）	179	370	125	265	64	77
2008-2018年（0~5 km）	74	111	41	50	26	52
2008-2018年（5~10 km）	377	112	44	51	15	34
2008-2018年（10~15 km）	-219	107	44	44	15	22
2008-2018年（15~20 km）	61	103	46	43	15	27

地缘经济背景下泰国及其毗邻国家边境农业扩张与集约化抵边特征

Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy

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