关键词: 火灾救援覆盖率, 消防救援, 时空模式, 实时路况, 在线地图API, 消防站, 城市火灾事件, 南京

Abstract:

The rapid urbanization in China results in the problem that urban fire facilities fail to keep pace with urban development. Assessing urban fire service coverage rate plays an important role in optimizing urban fire resource allocation. This paper aimed to propose an assessment for the fire service coverage rate using real-time road conditions to explore the spatiotemporal pattern of urban fire service coverage rate. By consideration of the coverage area of fire stations, the real-time rescue time of fire stations arriving at historical fire incidents was obtained by using the AutoNavi Maps API for three consecutive weeks in September 2020. The real-time travel time was then used to calculate the fire service coverage rate for investigating the spatiotemporal pattern of fire service coverage rate in Nanjing, China. Results show that: (1) The average travel time of fire stations was 10 minutes in urban fire-intensive area and 16 minutes in non-fire-intensive area. The average travel time for both areas was significantly longer than the national standard arrival time of five minutes. Thus, the fire service coverage rate of fire stations that met the national standard in Nanjing was only 8.2%; (2) As the average travel distance for fire stations in fire-intensive area of Nanjing was 37% of that in non-fire-intensive area, the waiting time for fire incidents rescue in fire-intensive area was significantly shorter than that in non-fire-intensive area, especially in the southwest and northeast of fire-intensive area and around some fire stations. The proportion of fire incidents with waiting time for rescue within five minutes in Nanjing was less than 7%, and fire incidents with waiting time for rescue between five to ten minutes were mostly affected by traffic congestion during morning and evening rush hours; (3) The fire service coverage rate in Nanjing was affected by the morning and evening rush hours which presented a "W" shaped pattern, resulting in lower fire service coverage rate in morning and evening rush hours than that in other time. The fire service coverage rate in fire-intensive area complying with the five minute standard arrival time decreased from 11.5% during the non-rush hours to 8.4% during the rush hours, and decreased from 6.1% to 5% in non-fire-intensive area. In the intersection area of Shimenkan and Dongshan fire stations and the surrounding area of Hanzhongmen and Maigaoqiao fire stations, the number of fire incidents with waiting time for rescue over 15 minutes in morning and evening rush hours was larger than that in other time; (4) The fire service coverage rate with the "W" shaped pattern had the smallest fluctuation with the use of 5 minutes as the standard arrival time, and the largest fluctuation occurred with the use of 10 minutes as the standard arrival time. The fire service coverage rate reached 43.5% using 10 minutes as the standard and 75% using 15 minutes as the standard arrival time. Finally, based on the analysis, suggestions were made for the future construction and planning of Nanjing fire facilities.

Key words: fire service coverage rate, fire rescue, spatiotemporal pattern, real-time road conditions, online map API, fire station, urban fire incident, Nanjing