基于局地气候分区体系的福州城市热环境研究

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210669

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 189-200.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210669

• 遥感科学与应用技术 • 上一篇

基于局地气候分区体系的福州城市热环境研究

林中立¹(), 徐涵秋²^,³^,^*()

1.福建工程学院建筑与城乡规划学院, 福州 350118
2.福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福州 350116
3.福州大学遥感信息工程研究所,福建省水土流失遥感监测评估与灾害防治重点实验室,福州 350116

收稿日期:2021-10-25 修回日期:2021-11-12 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-03-25
通讯作者: * 徐涵秋（1955— ）,男,江苏盐城人,教授,主要从事环境遥感应用研究。E-mail: hxu@fzu.edu.cn
作者简介:林中立（1989— ）,男,福建福州人,博士,讲师,主要从事城市环境遥感、城乡规划技术与科学研究。E-mail: linzl@fjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31971639);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J05193);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190403);福建工程学院科研启动基金(GY-Z19063)

A Study of Urban Thermal Environmental of Fuzhou based on "Local Climate Zones"

LIN Zhongli¹(), XU Hanqiu²^,³^,^*()

1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
2. College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
3. Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Soil Erosion and Disaster Prevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

Received:2021-10-25 Revised:2021-11-12 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-03-25
Contact: XU Hanqiu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971639);National Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China(2020J05193);Education and Research Project for Youth Scholars of Education Department of Fujian Province, China(JAT190403);Scientific Research Foundation of Fujian University of Technology(GY-Z19063)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

局地气候分区体系（LCZ）能够有效建立城市气候与空间形态间的定量关系,揭示城市内部热环境分异特征,是当前备受关注的城市热环境研究方法。本文以我国新晋“火炉城市”福州的主城区为研究区,使用2019年9月22日过空的Landsat-8影像,对基于LCZ的热环境空间分布特征与LCZ类间/类内差异进行分析,并就福州城市热环境的改善提出规划建议。研究表明:① 福州主城区以密集的中、低层连片建筑为主,并呈集聚式分布;② LCZ各类间存在明显的地表温度差异,大型低层建筑（LCZ 8）的温度最高,达41.56 ℃,密集低层建筑（LCZ 3）和工业厂房（LCZ 10）次之,分别为40.90 ℃和40.39 ℃,而茂密树木（LCZ A）和水体（LCZ G）的温度最低,均值为29.94 ℃;③ 根据福州城市发展的时空特征,将主城区分为二环区与三环区进行LCZ类内温度差异的比较分析,可以发现主城区内的主要LCZ建筑类别存在0.5~1.5 ℃的类内差异,造成这一差异的主要成因包括植被、水体等环境要素配置、建筑布局与邻近效应;④ 建筑层高与地表温度呈现显著的负相关关系（r=-0.858, p< 0.001）,并且由于高层建筑对太阳辐射的遮挡,其建筑阴影能够部分降低周边相对低矮建筑的表面温度和区域温度;⑤ 在今后的规划中,低矮连片的高密度居住区是改善城市热环境的重点区域,同时高层建筑虽有一定的降温效果,但对于城市风道的阻挡作用不可忽视,应留出足够的城市通风道。

关键词: 局地气候区, 城市热环境, 城市规划, 遥感, 福州, 火炉城市

Abstract:

Local Climate Zones (LCZ) can effectively create the quantitative relationship between urban climate and urban spatial form and reveal the spatial variability of urban internal thermal environments. LCZ is a research method of urban thermal environment and has attracted a lot of attention at present. Therefore, this paper applies LCZ to study the spatial characteristics of urban thermal environment and its inter-/intra-zonal variability in Fuzhou City, a recently called “Stove city” in China. Furthermore, the planning strategy for the improvement of the urban thermal environment in Fuzhou is proposed. This study reveals that the main urban area in Fuzhou is dominated by compact mid- and low-rise buildings, which are distributed in a concentrated manner. In addition, the LCZ has obvious inter-zonal variability of land surface temperature (LST). Large low-rise building (LCZ 8) has the highest LST (41.56 ℃), followed by Compact low-rise (LCZ 3) and Heavy industry (LCZ 10) with LST of 40.90 ℃ and 40.39 ℃, respectively, while Dense trees (LCZ A) and Water (LCZ G) have the lowest LST with average LST of 29.94 ℃. At the same time, the intra-zonal LCZ variability also exists. We divides the main urban area into the second and third ring zones and analyzes the LST inter-zonal difference within each LCZ category. It can be found that the main LCZ building types have an inter-zonal difference between 0.5 ℃ and 1.5 ℃. The configuration of environmental factors, such as vegetation and water, buildings layout, and proximity effects, are the main causes of intra-zonal LCZ variability of LST. There is a significant negative correlation between building height and LST (r=-0.858, p<0.001). Moreover, due to the shielding of high-rise buildings from solar radiation, the building shade can partially cool the surface temperature of surrounding relatively low-rise buildings. However, the blocking effect of high-rise buildings on urban ventilation must be avoided. In the future, the contiguous, high-density, low-rise residential areas are the main areas to be controlled for their high temperature, and sufficient ventilation space should be reserved in urban planning.

Key words: local climate zones, urban thermal environment, urban planning, remote sensing, Fuzhou, stove city

林中立, 徐涵秋. 基于局地气候分区体系的福州城市热环境研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(1): 189-200.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210669

LIN Zhongli, XU Hanqiu. A Study of Urban Thermal Environmental of Fuzhou based on "Local Climate Zones"[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2022, 24(1): 189-200.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210669

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建筑类型（Built Types）
LCZ 1 密集高层建筑 Compact high-rise (BS: ≥10; SVF: 0.2-0.4; BSF: 40-60; ISF: 40-60; PSF: <10)		LCZ 2 密集中层建筑 Compact mid-rise (BS: 3-9; SVF: 0.3-0.6; BSF: 40-70; ISF: 30-50; PSF: <20)		LCZ 3 密集低层建筑 Compact low-rise (BS: 1-3; SVF: 0.2-0.6; BSF: 40-70; ISF: 20-50; PSF: <30)

LCZ 4 开阔高层建筑 Open high-rise (BS: ≥10; SVF: 0.5-0.7; BSF: 20-40; ISF: 30-40; PSF: 30-40)		LCZ 5 开阔中层建筑 Open mid-rise (BS: 3-9; SVF: 0.5-0.8; BSF: 20-40; ISF: 30-50; PSF: 20-40)		LCZ 6 开阔低层建筑 Open low-rise (BS: 1-3; SVF: 0.6-0.9; BSF: 20-40; ISF: 20-50; PSF: 30-60)

LCZ 7 轻质低层建筑 lightweight low-rise (BS: 1-2; SVF: 0.2-0.5; BSF: 60-90; ISF: <20; PSF: <30)	LCZ 8 大型低层建筑 Large low-rise (BS: 1-3; SVF: >0.7; BSF: 30-50; ISF: 40-50; PSF: <20)		LCZ 9 零散建筑 Sparsely built (BS: 1-3; SVF: >0.8; BSF: 10-20; ISF: <20; PSF: 60-80)		LCZ 10 工业厂房 Heavy industry (BS: 2-5; SVF: 0.6-0.9;BSF: 20-30;ISF: 20-40; PSF: 40-50)

土地覆盖类型（Land Cover Types）
LCZ A 茂密树木 Dense trees (SVF: <0.4; BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90; VH: 3-30)	LCZ B 稀疏树木 Scattered trees (SVF: 0.5-0.8; BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90; VH: 3-15)		LCZ C 灌木和矮树 Bush, scrub (SVF: <0.7-0.9; BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90; VH: <2)		LCZ D 低矮植被 Low plants (SVF: >0.9; BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90; VH: <1)

LCZ E 裸露的岩石或道路 Bare rock or paved (BSF: <10; ISF: >90; PSF: <10)	LCZ F 裸土或沙 Bare soil or sand (BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90)		LCZ G 水体 Water (BSF: <10; ISF: <10; PSF: >90)

LCZ类别	研究区		二环区		三环区
LCZ类别	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%
LCZ 1 密集高层建筑	3.61	2.21	2.05	4.66	1.56	1.30
LCZ 2 密集中层建筑	45.98	28.10	21.63	49.13	24.35	20.36
LCZ 3 密集低层建筑	41.08	25.10	6.73	15.28	34.35	28.72
LCZ 4 开阔高层建筑	26.42	16.15	8.11	18.43	18.31	15.31
LCZ 5 开阔中层建筑	3.77	2.30	0.46	1.05	3.30	2.76
LCZ 6 开阔低层建筑	6.49	3.97	0.77	1.74	5.73	4.79
LCZ 8 大型低层建筑	1.90	1.16	0.11	0.25	1.79	1.50
LCZ 10 工业厂房	0.48	0.29	0.04	0.09	0.44	0.37
LCZ A 茂密树木	0.19	0.11	0.00	0.00	0.19	0.16
LCZ B 稀疏树木	14.55	8.89	1.55	3.51	13.00	10.87
LCZ C 灌木和矮树	1.57	0.96	0.03	0.06	1.54	1.29
LCZ D 低矮植被	4.62	2.83	0.44	1.00	4.18	3.50
LCZ E 裸露的岩石或道路	5.96	3.64	1.26	2.86	4.70	3.93
LCZ F 裸土或沙	7.01	4.28	0.85	1.92	6.17	5.16
LCZ G 水体	9.34	5.71	2.39	5.42	6.96	5.82
合计	163.64	100.00	44.02	100.00	119.62	100.00

LCZ类型	LST/℃
LCZ类型	研究区	二环区	三环区
LCZ 1	37.28	36.89	37.73
LCZ 2	38.69	38.46	38.85
LCZ 3	40.90	40.01	41.01
LCZ 4	36.77	36.53	36.91
LCZ 5	36.94	36.52	37.01
LCZ 6	38.83	38.51	38.90
LCZ 8	41.56	39.75	41.67
LCZ 10	40.39	38.19	40.27
LCZ A	29.29	-	29.29
LCZ B	33.05	33.48	33.07
LCZ C	36.80	38.12	36.86
LCZ D	35.44	35.69	35.69
LCZ E	38.93	37.30	39.26
LCZ F	40.20	39.42	40.26
LCZ G	30.58	30.75	30.61

地表要素表征指数/分量	建筑			植被			水体
地表要素表征指数/分量	IBI	Brightness		NDVI	Greenness		MNDWI	Wetness
r	0.673**	0.515**		-0.216**	-0.397**		-0.213**	-0.576**

LCZ类别	IBI		Greenness		Wetness
LCZ类别	二环区	三环区	二环区	三环区	二环区	三环区
LCZ 1	0.641	0.648	0.626	0.625	0.724	0.720
LCZ 2	0.659	0.649	0.652	0.649	0.690	0.690
LCZ 3	0.718	0.719	0.628	0.620	0.634	0.631
LCZ 4	0.531	0.553	0.704	0.702	0.726	0.715
LCZ 5	0.505	0.539	0.712	0.707	0.735	0.722
LCZ 6	0.621	0.626	0.701	0.701	0.671	0.664

基于局地气候分区体系的福州城市热环境研究

A Study of Urban Thermal Environmental of Fuzhou based on "Local Climate Zones"

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