• 地图与地学模型设计及模拟 •

### 民国初期河南省1∶10万地图精度分析

1. 1. 河南大学环境与规划学院,开封 475004;
2. 河南大学中澳地理信息分析与应用研究所,开封 475004
• 收稿日期:2010-11-02 修回日期:2010-12-15 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-04-25
• 通讯作者: 孔云峰(1967-),男,博士,研究方向为GIS应用研究、GIS分析与设计、空间综合人文与社会科学。 E-mail: yfkong@henu.edu.cn E-mail:yfkong@henu.edu.cn
• 基金资助:

省部共建河南大学研究课题"地理超媒体系统关键技术与应用开发"(SBGJ090605)。

### Accuracy Analysis of the 1∶100 000 Topographic Maps of Henan Province in Early Period of the Republic of China

KONG Yunfeng1,2

1. 1. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
2. China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Geoinformation Analysis and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
• Received:2010-11-02 Revised:2010-12-15 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-04-25

Abstract: Surveying and mapping were active in the period of later Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and numerous topographic maps (scale: 1∶25 000 to 1∶200 000) covering major areas of China were published. For efficient utilization of the old maps, this paper aims to evaluate the accuracy of the 1∶100 000 topographic maps of Henan Province in early period of the Republic of China (1915~1916). The possible sources of map displacement were also discussed using longitude and latitude records in historical books. The map accuracy was analyzed using the displacement of sampling points. The 159 sheets of old maps were overlaid with current map layers in ArcGIS for comparison. Using ArcGIS Spatial Adjustment Extension and searching the same point in old maps and new maps, 741 displacement links with original and actual coordinates were determined. The displacement map and statistics show that: (1) the longitude and latitude errors of old maps are distributed unevenly, and the average shifts are 6.28 minutes toward west and 2.23 minutes to the south, with standard deviation of 3.76 and 2.51 respectively. (2) Both the absolute and relative errors at longitude direction are higher than that at latitude direction. At the same time, the errors present an autocorrelation pattern and the Moran’s I of longitude and latitude errors are 0.85 (Z=57) and 0.69 (Z=46). (3) In general, the maps in plain area are better than those in mountain area in term of relative accuracy. (4) The errors in old maps present three patterns: higher absolute and relative accuracy, lower absolute but higher relative accuracy, and lower absolute and relative accuracy. To explore the source of absolute errors, the longitude and latitude records of the prefecture cities and county towns were collected from records in historical books. Mapping the historical records as point layers and overlaying it with old and current residential map layers in ArcGIS, the point displacements show that the shift trend of old maps is similar to those coordinate records in Draft History of Qing. Regression analysis confirms the linear and positive association between them. A hypothesis formulated from this finding is that the longitude and latitude records in later Qing Dynasty were utilized in early period of the Republic of China. It is also suggested that during the map investigation, both the newly-surveyed maps and existing older maps were also used in some areas.