• 地球信息科学理论与方法 •

### 基于DEM的5节点二阶差分坡度算法模型与实验分析

1. 1. 南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 210046;
2. 合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥 230009
• 收稿日期:2011-09-02 修回日期:2012-04-05 出版日期:2012-06-25 发布日期:2012-06-27
• 通讯作者: 汤国安(1961-),男,汉族,宁波市人,博士生导师,教授,主要研究方向为地理信息系统、DEM与数字地形分析,GIS空间分析等。E-mail:tangguoan@njnu.edu.cn E-mail:tangguoan@njnu.edu.cn
• 作者简介:赵明伟(1986-),男,汉族,莱芜市人,硕士研究生,主要从事空间分析与数字地形分析的研究工作。 E-mail:zhaomingwei68@163.com
• 基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目"基于DEM的黄土高原地貌形态空间格局研究"(40930531);资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2010KF0002SA);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

### The DEM Based 5-Node Second-order Finite Difference Model for Slope Computation

ZHAO Mingwei1, TANG Guoan1, ZHANG Lei1, TIAN Jian1,2, SONG Xiaodong1

1. 1. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China;
2. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
• Received:2011-09-02 Revised:2012-04-05 Online:2012-06-25 Published:2012-06-27

Abstract:

Slope is the most basic terrain parameter to construct geo-science models. The accuracy analysis of the computing model is one of the most important issues in the geo-science. A lot of studies focused on error analysis of the computing model over the past few decades. The source of the error and the relationship between the error and the other parameters were studied. However, few studies were aimed to put forward a new model to decrease the error, which is more important for high resolution DEMs. By analyzing the error source of the slope computing model, this paper put forward a new model called 5 Node Second-order Finite Difference (5N-2FD). The characteristic of this model is that it is able to consider the multi-distance neighbor node: firstly it builds two difference models using different grid sizes, and then combines the two models into one with different weights. It is proved that it can improve the accuracy of the results remarkably through mathematical analysis. In this paper, a mathematical surface is selected to verify the accuracy of the new model. In order to study the influence of the resolution to the accuracy of the slope, this paper generated DEMs from the mathematical surface with different resolution, one is 1m, and the other is 5m. The results show that the new model can significantly improve the accuracy of the result compared with the common models. This study enriched the method system of digital terrain analysis, and provided slope data of high accuracy for many geo-science models. In addition, besides slope, there are many terrain parameters which are calculated through finite difference, such as aspect and various kinds of curvature, and the methods of this paper could afford some useful references in improving the accuracy of such terrain parameters.

Key words: slope, difference model, DEM, accuracy