基于DEM的岷江上游流域构造活动强度分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00568

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 568-574.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00568

基于DEM的岷江上游流域构造活动强度分析

常直杨¹, 王建^1,^2,,A;^*, 白世彪^1,², 张志刚¹

1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
2. 南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 210023

收稿日期:2013-09-23 修回日期:2013-11-05 出版日期:2014-07-10 发布日期:2014-07-10
通讯作者: 王建
作者简介:
作者简介：常直杨(1987-),男,河南济源人,博士生,研究方向为GIS和RS技术在地貌学中的应用。E-mail：changzhiyang1@126.com
基金资助:
南京师范大学全国优秀博士论文培育项目(2012BS0005);江苏省优势学科项目(JSYS201107)

Quantitative Analysis of the Tectonic Activity in Minjiang Drainage Basin Based on DEM

CHANG Zhiyang¹, WANG Jian^1,^2,^*, BAI Shibiao^1,², ZHANG Zhigang¹

1. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2013-09-23 Revised:2013-11-05 Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10
Contact: WANG Jian
About author:
*The author: CHEN Nan, E-mail：fjcn99@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前,利用DEM衍生的地貌参数对大面积区域构造活动进行量化分析的研究相对较少。本文以岷江上游流域为例,利用ASTER GDEM数据和GIS技术,提取了该流域面积高程积分值（HI）、河长坡降指数（SL ）、流域盆地不对称度（AF）、盆地形状指数（BS）、谷底宽度与谷肩高度比（VF）和水系分维数（FD）6种地貌参数,对其进行了等级划分,并量化了研究区相对构造活动强度（IAT）。结果显示：岷江上游流域有较高的SL、AF、BS值,较低的VF及FD值,中等HI值,其IAT值为1.33,分类等级为1级,表明该流域侵蚀程度强烈, 流域形态狭长, 河谷呈V型形态,受构造活动影响显著,地貌发育处于幼年期晚期,中年期早期。研究结果与区域地质背景较为吻合,该方法可为进一步探讨区域构造活动差异性提供新的手段。

关键词: 构造活动, 地貌参数, DEM, 岷江上游流域

Abstract:

Geomorphic indices have been widely used in relative tectonic activity studies. Most studies provide semi-quantitative information to depict relative degree of tectonic activity in mountain fronts or small basins. Here we introduced an additional fractal dimension index (FD) which is found to improve the analysis of tectonic geomorphology. Based on ASTER-GDEM data and the technique of GIS, the other tectonic geomorphic indices are extracted in Minjiang River drainage basin including hypsometric integral, stream-gradient index, drainage basin asymmetry, drainage basin shape, ratio of valley floor width-to-height, and drainage elongation ratio. This drainage is located in the transitional region between Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin with an area of 23 000 km². The results obtained from these indices are combined to yield an index of relative active tectonics (IAT) that is obtained by the average of the different classes of geomorphic indices. Based on IAT value, four classes are defined: Class 1: very high relative tectonic activity with 1≤IAT<1.5; Class 2: high with 1.5≤IAT<2.0; Class 3: moderate with 2.0≤IAT<2.5 and Class 4: low with 2.5≤IAT. Through the analysis of the geomorphic results in Minjiang River drainage basin, we conclude that the value of hypsometric index is moderate, the shape of hypsometric curve is convex-concave, Minjiang River basin tilt from right to left facing downstream, the shape of this basin is elongate, the stream length gradient index is high and the fractal dimension value is low, and this drainage have relatively higher tectonic activity (IAT=1.33). The indicative value of IAT is consistent with the areas of known relative uplift rates, landforms and geology. This method provides a new insight for exploring diversities of relative tectonic activities on an areal basis.

Key words: tectonic activity, geomorphic indices, digital elevation model(DEM), upstream basin of Minjiang River

常直杨, 王建, 白世彪, 张志刚. 基于DEM的岷江上游流域构造活动强度分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014, 16(4): 568-574.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00568

CHANG Zhiyang,WANG Jian,BAI Shibiao,ZHANG Zhigang. Quantitative Analysis of the Tectonic Activity in Minjiang Drainage Basin Based on DEM[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2014, 16(4): 568-574.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2014.00568

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

构造活动强弱评估所使用的地貌参数"

地貌参数	计算公式	描述
面积高程积分值（HI^[21-23]）	HI=（h_mean-h_min） /（h_max-h_min）	h_mean是流域内高程的平均值,h_min是流域内高程的最小值,h_max是流域内高程的最大值。一般而言,高积分值表征流域流域受到构造活动的影响较大
面积高程积分曲线^[21-23]	x=a/A,y=h/H	面积高程积分曲线是以流域中相对高度比（h/H）为纵轴、相对面积比（a/A）为横轴绘制的曲线,可分为凸形、凹形、凹凸形曲线
河长坡降指数（SL^[12,24-25]）	SL=（△h/△L）L	△h为单位河段的高程值变化,△L为单位河段的长度,△h/△L为河段的坡度,L为河流源头到河段中点的河长。SL异常值与构造、岩性、支流汇入等有关
流域盆地不对称度（AF^[2,26]）	AF=（Ar/At）×100	Ar是某一流域内顺着干流流向右侧的面积,At是流域的总面积,该指标可反映流域的不对称度,表征流域的构造倾斜程度
盆地形状指数（BS^[5]）	BS=B_l/B_w	B_l为流域盆地河谷的源头至出山口的直线距离,B_w为流域盆地的最大宽度,流域形态可分为圆形及狭长形态,反映了构造抬升的影响
谷底宽度与谷肩高度比（VF^[5-6]）	VF=2V_fw/(E_ld+E_rd-2E_sc)	V_fw为谷底宽度,E_ld和E_rd分别为河谷两侧分水岭的高程值,E_sc为谷底高程值,VF值大小可用来分析构造抬升与河流侵蚀程度
水系分维数（FD^[27-28]）	FD= $- lim r → 0 lg N (r) lg r$	r为不同大小的栅格,单位为m,N(r)为非空盒子的数目,水系的分维可反映水系的发育程度,代表水系所处流域的地貌侵蚀发育阶段,较低的水系分维值,意味着易受到较强构造活动的影响

表1

图3

图4

图5

表2

表3

参考文献 34

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	活动等级1（强）	活动等级2（中等）	活动等级3（弱）
HI^[10-11,16]	HI>0.5	0.40≤HI≤0.50	HI<0.40
SL^[14,25,29]	SL≥500	300≤SL<500	SL<300
AF^[1,10-11,26]	\|AF-50 \| >15	7<\|AF-50 \| <15	\|AF-50 \|< 7
BS^[5,14]	BS≥3	2≤BS<3	BS<2
VF^[14]	VF<0.50	0.50≤VF<1.0	VF≥1.0
FD^[27-28]	FD<1.6	1.6≤FD<1.89	1.89≤FD

	HI	SL	AF	BS	VF	FD
地貌参数值	0.5	800	83.7	2.4	0.26	1.02
构造活动等级	2	1	1	2	1	1
IAT值	1.33
IAT等级	1

基于DEM的岷江上游流域构造活动强度分析

Quantitative Analysis of the Tectonic Activity in Minjiang Drainage Basin Based on DEM

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