视场角与观察角度对三维地图视觉信息加工的影响研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01490

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (12): 1490-1496.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01490

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇下一篇

视场角与观察角度对三维地图视觉信息加工的影响研究

刘兵(), 董卫华^*(), 王彦文, 张宁旭

1. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京 100875
2. 北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京 100875

收稿日期:2015-01-22 修回日期:2015-04-09 出版日期:2015-12-20 发布日期:2015-12-20
通讯作者: 董卫华 E-mail:liubing_731@163.com;dongweihua@bnu.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介：刘兵（1993-）,女,本科生,研究方向为地图认知计算与方法。E-mail：liubing_731@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41471382）;国家级大学生创新创业计划项目（201310027039）

The Influence of FOV and Viewing Angle on the Visual Information Processing of 3D Maps

LIU Bing(), DONG Weihua^*(), WANG Yanwen, ZHANG Ningxu

1. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, BNU, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2015-01-22 Revised:2015-04-09 Online:2015-12-20 Published:2015-12-20
Contact: DONG Weihua E-mail:liubing_731@163.com;dongweihua@bnu.edu.cn
About author:
*The author: CHEN Nan, E-mail:fjcn99@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统地图符号视觉参量研究,主要是对地图颜色、形状、尺寸、方向等进行分析。本文通过眼动跟踪三维地图认知实验与眼动参数解析,建构了视场角和观察角度对于三维地图有效性和效率影响的评价指标体系,定量分析了2个参量对三维地图视觉信息加工的影响。实验结果表明：视场角对三维地图中垂直方向信息提取的有效性和实体形状信息提取的有效性影响显著;对实体间角度信息提取的效率影响边缘显著,而对垂直方向信息提取的效率、水平方向信息提取的有效性和效率、实体间角度信息提取的有效性、形状信息提取的效率影响不显著;观察角度对垂直方向信息、水平方向信息,以及实体间角度信息感知的效率和有效性的影响都不显著,但对实体形状信息感知的效率和有效性均有显著影响。该研究适用于三维地图适人化设计、表达与自动理解。

关键词: 三维地图, 视场角, 观察角度, 眼动跟踪

Abstract:

Current studies of map symbols mainly concentrate on the basic visual variables such as color, shape and size, which are commonly used in two dimensional maps. Recent technical advances and the ubiquitous use of smart devices have made three-dimensional (3D) maps (e.g., Google Maps and AutoNavi) increasingly popular. However, 3D visual variables, such as field of view (FOV) and viewing angle (VA) which play fundamental roles in visual information processing of 3D maps and spatial scenes, have been rarely investigated. This paper leverages eye tracking technology to explore the influence of such 3D visual variables on the interpretation of vertical, horizontal, angle and shape information in 3D maps. Specifically, we have recorded forty participants’ eye movements in four tasks by varying the FOV and VA values. Participants’ performances were analyzed by the quantitative metrics of effectiveness and efficiency. Statistical tests (two-tailed t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests) were applied to each metric to test the significance of differences between two groups. Results show that FOV can significantly affect not only the effectiveness of interpreting the vertical and shape information perception, but also the efficiency of interpreting the angular information. Meanwhile, FOV has no significant influence on the efficiency of interpreting the vertical and shape information, the effectiveness and the efficiency of interpreting the horizontal information, and the effectiveness of interpreting the angular information of 3D maps. VA has no significant influence on the perception of horizontal, vertical or angular information. But it affects the perception of shape significantly. Furthermore, FOV and VA have interactive effects resulting in the difference of interpreting the angular and shape information giving the marginal significance. The results can provide implications to design 3D maps with higher usability and can be applied to improve the user interaction in 3D environments.

Key words: 3D map, FOV, viewing angle, eye-tracking

刘兵, 董卫华, 王彦文, 张宁旭. 视场角与观察角度对三维地图视觉信息加工的影响研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(12): 1490-1496.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01490

LIU Bing,DONG Weihua,WANG Yanwen,ZHANG Ningxu. The Influence of FOV and Viewing Angle on the Visual Information Processing of 3D Maps[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015, 17(12): 1490-1496.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2015.01490

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任务编号	任务要求	测试内容
T1	在红色建筑物中找出与蓝色建筑物高差最大的一个,并用鼠标点击	垂直方向信息感知
T2	在红色建筑物中找出与蓝色建筑物距离最远的一个,并用鼠标点击	水平方向信息感知
T3	在红色建筑物中找出与蓝色建筑物仰角（两建筑最高点连线与水平面的夹角）最大的一个,并用鼠标点击	角度信息感知
T4	在所有橙色建筑物中找到3个与蓝色建筑物完全相同的建筑物,并依次点击	形状信息感知

	指标	含义
有效性	频数（个）	任务中的注视点总数
	准确率	AOI注视比率,目标建筑物注视点个数/任务注视点个数
	正确数（个）	所有被试个体找到目标建筑物个数的平均值
效率	完成时间（s）	整个任务的完成时长
效率	首注视前时间（s）	从任务开始到首次注视目标建筑物所需要的时间

视场角与观察角度对三维地图视觉信息加工的影响研究

The Influence of FOV and Viewing Angle on the Visual Information Processing of 3D Maps

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