关键词: 中国古代地图, 中国近代地图, 地图传承, 脉络

Abstract:

This paper researched the heritage sequence of Chinese ancient, near-modern and modern cartography, including two heritage aspects of cartographic theory-technologies and map data. The five most important and influential items of Chinese ancient cartography that have impacts on the near-modern cartography were the method of “counting distance and drawing maps according to affine squares”, the “Six Key-Point of Mapping” by Pei Xiu in the West-Jin dynasty, Jia Dan’s mapping method and map products in Tang dynasty, Shen Kuo’s 24 directions and “Seven Method of Mapping” in Song dynasty, and Zhu Siben’s cartographic theory, technologies and map products. There were three cartographic heritage lines in Ming dynasty, i.e., the heritage line of traditional territory and national mapping, the heritage line of nautical and coastal defense mapping, and the heritage line of embryonic stage of Chinese near-modern cartography after the introduction of western mapping technologies. As for the Qing dynasty, there were five cartographic heritage lines, which were the emperor sponsored national mapping, the non-governmental national mapping, the world map compilation, the nautical map compilation, and the engineering map making. And in the publican period, there were six cartographic heritage lines, which were the map making through private publishing houses, the edition of thematic maps, the nautical and sea & river route navigation mapping, the engineering map making, the topographic map making, and the map making for military affairs. In the modern society, the Chinese ancient and near-modern cartographic achievements are meaningful and helpful to the historical research and cultural relic exploration, while having some difficulties in map re-use, thus further research is necessary on the re-use of these maps. From the aspect of map representation, there is a tendency that the ancient and near-modern cartographic method would return to the modern cartography, but this is like a spiral rise of scientific development, representing a process of the negation of negation for the Chinese cartographic heritage and development from the ancient time to modern society.

Key words: Chinese ancient cartography, Chinese near-modern cartography, cartographic heritage, sequence