中国近代省区地图特色与价值的探讨

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国近代（明、清和民国时期）是中国地图编制史上比较有代表性的时期,反映了中国封建社会制图学后期向现代地图学转变的过程。中国近代省区地图具有其他类型地图所不具有的编制特色。本研究通过收集中国近代省区地图资料,从单幅地图、地图集、百科全书并存的出版形式和按行政单位分级分幅的图集编排系统2方面,分析了中国近代省区地图科学内容的编排体系特色;并分别探讨了单幅省区地图、百科全书收录的省区地图和地图集的设计和变化,以总结中国近代省区地图的制图特色,为现今地图制图学提供参考。中国近代省区地图具有较高的地学价值,通过研究中国近代省区地图,可印证省级行政区划单元的地理独特性,揭示省级行政区划单元的内部格局,有利于加强省和区域的管理。

关键词: 中国近代, 省区, 编排体系, 制图特色, 地图集, 价值

Abstract:

Map drawing in near modern China (Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Republic of China) is the best representation of Chinese ancient cartography. The later stage of Chinese feudal society was the transition period that ancient cartography was changing to modern cartography. It’s necessary to research the maps made in the near modern period. Provincial and regional maps of near modern China reveal more characteristics than other types of maps in that period. Through collecting the maps of near modern China, the characteristics of provincial and regional maps of near modern China were discussed from two aspects, including the arrangement systems and expression methods. The arrangement systems of provincial and regional maps in near modern China were further divided into two parts, one is the different publication formats during the same period, such as single pieces of maps from historical records and maps included in atlas and encyclopaedia, the other is the arrangement system classification and subdivision based on administrative divisions. The expression methods of provincial and regional maps in near modern China were divided into three parts, including the expression method characteristics of single provincial and regional map, provincial and regional maps in encyclopaedia, and provincial and regional atlas. It is of significant value to research the provincial and regional maps of near modern China. Through these studies and comparisons of modern atlas within various periods, we can further study the peculiarities of provincial administrative division, inner structure of provincial physical geography unit and strengthening management of province and region. This paper lays a foundation to the further study of the provincial and regional maps of near modern China, and also provided a reference for the drawing of provincial and regional maps and the compiling of atlas in modern China.

Key words: modern China, province and region, arrangement systems, mapping characteristics, atlas, value

叶妍君, 张岸, 齐清文. 中国近代省区地图特色与价值的探讨[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(1): 57-67.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00057

YE Yanjun,ZHANG An,QI Qingwen. The Characteristic and Value of Provincial and Regional Maps in Near Modern China[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(1): 57-67.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00057

图/表 8

表1

中国近代省区地图资料（部分）"

朝代	种类	图名/书名	成图时间（年）	作者/出版机构
明代	单幅地图	陕西舆图	1644-1661	-
	百科全书	皇舆考	1557	张天复
		三才图会	1607	王圻、王思义
		方舆胜略十八卷	-	-
		武备志	1594-1644	茅元仪
		图书编	1613	章潢
	综合性地图集	广舆图	1541	罗洪先
		皇明职方地图	1636	陈组绶
		地图综要	-	吴学俨、朱绍本
	省和区域地图集	江西全省图说	1612-1617	-
清代	单幅地图	晋省舆地全图	1794	李宝甫
		内外蒙古图	1864	湖北官书局
	全国地图集	大清帝国全图	1908	上海商务印书馆
		大清分省分藩精图	1908	国文堂书局
		乾隆府厅州县图志	1788-1803	洪亮吉
		皇朝直省地舆全图	1880	上海点石斋石印
	省和区域地图集	贵州全省舆图说	1732-1770	-
		安徽省舆图	1754-1777	-
		直隶通省舆图	1862	徐志导
		四川全图	1864	湖北官书局
		山东全图	1875-1890	叶奎绶
		东三省舆地图说	1887	曹廷杰
		广西舆地全图	1895	-
		湖南全省舆地图表	1896	陈宝箴
		江西全省舆图	1896	朱兆麟
		湖南舆图	1897	左学吕
		黑龙江舆地图	1899	-
		福建全省舆地图	1905	-
		广东舆地全图	1909	广东参处测绘科
		湖北全省分图	1909	舆地学会
民国	单幅地图	陕甘青海套西图	1925	苏甲荣
		贵州分县新图	1932	亚新地图学社
		西南各省详图	1940	王守成
	全国地图集	中华民国分省形势全图	1917	同伦学社
		中华民国省区全图	1926	北京中央地学社
		大中华民国分省图	1929	武昌亚新地学社
		中华析类分省图	1929	亚新地学社
		中华民国分省新图	1934	上海申报馆
		中国分省地图	1945	中国制图社
		新中国分省图	1946	新中国出版社
		中华民国最新分省地图	1946	寰澄出版社
		新中华分省精图	1948	武昌亚新地学社
		最新中国分省地图	1948	中华书局
	省和区域地图集	江苏全省分图	1912	武昌亚新地学社
		河南分县详图	1914	武昌亚新地学社
		湖南分县详图	1928	武昌亚新地学社
		湖北分县详图	1930	亚新地学社
		江西分县详图	1931	武昌亚新地学社
		浙江分县地图	1934	亚新地学社
		河北分县详图	1933	武昌亚新地学社
		绥远分县图	1933	绥远华北印刷局
		甘肃省县总分图	1934	甘肃通志馆

表1

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图7

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