中国近代城市地图发展历程的分析与思考

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00077

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 77-87.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00077

• 中国古-近代地图挖掘、分析与利用专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

中国近代城市地图发展历程的分析与思考

夏小琳¹(), 叶妍君^2,³, 皮龙风¹

1. 山东科技大学测绘科学与工程学院,青岛 266590
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2015-05-25 修回日期:2015-07-07 出版日期:2016-01-10 发布日期:2016-01-10
作者简介:
作者简介：夏小琳（1990-）,女,汉族,山东威海人,博士生,研究方向为地图学与地理信息技术。E-mail: 364458297@qq.com
基金资助:
科技部基础性工作专项项目“《中国近代地图志》编研”(2012FY120200)

Study and Thinking of the Development of Chinese Modern City Maps

XIA Xiaolin^1,^*(), YE Yanjun^2,³, PI Longfeng¹

1. Surveying and Mapping Institute of Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2015-05-25 Revised:2015-07-07 Online:2016-01-10 Published:2016-01-10
Contact: XIA Xiaolin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市是人类文明的主要组成部分,是伴随人类文明与进步发展起来的。在城市建设飞速发展的今天,对古近代城市发展演变的研究显得尤为重要,其中一个重要的手段就是借助于城市地图。城市地图可相对准确地反映出当时城市的空间形态,对于研究城市历史平面布局变迁具有重要的参考价值。本文以近代城市地图（明、清、民国时期的城市地图）为主要研究对象,从其对传统城市地图的继承与受西方文化及先进测绘制图技术影响发展的角度,探究近代城市地图的类型特点、发展方向与价值。近代城市地图一方面既没有完全摆脱传统城市舆图在绘图手法和表现内容上的特点,另一方面又受到西方制图技术和文化的冲击与推动,在继承与发展中逐渐趋向多样化、专题化和近代化,并且能充分反映该时期城市发展的特点与地域特色。本文分别从同一城市（以北京为例）不同时期的城市地图和不同城市典型的城市图2个角度进行分析,讨论并总结了近代城市地图在表现手法、内容和绘图技术等方面的特征及地图本身的价值。

关键词: 传统城市舆图, 近代城市地图, 近代化, 城市发展, 地域特色

Abstract:

China is a country with centuries’old historical civilization. City culture is one of the most important parts in the long history of the Chinese splendid national culture.Following the prosperity of human civilization, a large amount of cities with various sizes appeared and kept growing continuously. Some cities have developed into world-famous with abundant historical culture and significant historic value, which are originated from the achievements of Chinese ancient civilization. In the present day, when cities are developing rapidly, it isparticularly important to study the evolution of cities since ancient times. One efficient way to achieve this is to study city maps which reflect the spatial pattern of cities in a relatively accurate sense. Therefore, city maps can provide great reference values for exploring the changesin city patterns from a historical view. This paper aims to study the modern city maps produced during the period from the Ming Dynasty to the Republican period. In terms of the inheritance of traditional ancient city maps and the developments encouraged by the western cartography, this paper intends to explore the characteristics, developing trends and values of Chinese modern city maps. On one hand, modern city maps had not completely got rid of the features of Chinese traditional city maps from the aspects of method and content; on the other hand, modern city maps had also been influenced and motivated by western knowledge. Therefore, Chinese modern city maps were gradually developing towards diversification, thematization and modernization during the process of inheritance and development, reflecting the trait of city development and regional features at that time. This paper also applied the case study method to explore the Chinese modern city maps with typical examples from various time and cities, and to further discuss and make comments on the representations, contents, techniques as well as significant values of these maps.

Key words: traditional city map, modern city map, modernization, city development, regional feature

夏小琳, 叶妍君, 皮龙风. 中国近代城市地图发展历程的分析与思考[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(1): 77-87.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00077

XIA Xiaolin,YE Yanjun,PI Longfeng. Study and Thinking of the Development of Chinese Modern City Maps[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(1): 77-87.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00077

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	图型特征	地图内容	数学基础
明代	写实法,局部夸张、平立面结合,	宫殿、衙署为主,融入绘图者主观思想	保持相对位置,无比例控制
清代	写实法、使用色彩,平面图与平立面结合手法综合使用,实地勘测,尊重客观事实	不再以宫殿为主,内容客观丰富包括有水系、街道和建筑布局,并标出外国公使馆、海关、洋税司、学堂、美国医院等	保持相对位置,无比例控制
民国	平面图,使用色彩,图例	内容更加详细丰富,在原有基础上增加了铁路,胡同建筑名称,英文标注等	标明比例尺,实地勘测,反映客观现实,重视准确性

中国近代城市地图发展历程的分析与思考

Study and Thinking of the Development of Chinese Modern City Maps

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