关键词: 土地覆被变化, 基本地貌类型, 转移概率矩阵, 山西省

Abstract:

Based on the land cover data in 2000, 2005 and 2010, we used the Shanxi Province administrative boundary and the digital geomorphic database of China at a scale of 1:1 000 000, the methods of the dynamic degree analysis, the transformation probability matrix and the frequency distribution of area in different land cover types to analyze the land cover dynamic change from 2000 to 2010 on basic geomorphic types in Shanxi Province. The results were indicated as follows: (1) The main types of land cover were arable land, woodland and grassland, which accounted for over 95% of the area in Shanxi Province. The woodland and construction land revealed an increasing tendency; however, the arable land and grassland indicatd the opposite tendency. The primary change tendency of land cover types was similar for the two periods of 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, which were resulting from the mutual transformation between woodland and grassland, arable land and construction land, as well as grassland and construction land. (2) The percentages of arable land and construction land gradually reduced with the increase of relief amplitude. Inversely, the percentage of woodland increased as the relief amplitude increased. In terms of the area change, the main changes of arable land, woodland and grassland occurred in the medium relief mountains; change of water area mainly occurred in high relief mountains; change of construction land area mainly occurred in plains and tablelands; and change of unused land area primarily occurred in small relief mountains. In the view of dynamic degree, arable land, grassland and water area exhibited the greatest changes in high relief mountains. And the most evident changes of woodland, construction land and unused land occurred in plains, hills and small relief mountains respectively. (3) The major transformations between land cover types were different with respect to basic geomorphic types. In the plains, the main occurrence was that the grassland evolved into woodland. The major transformations of tablelands were similar to that of the hills. Between 2000 and 2005, woodland was mainly degraded to grassland, while between 2005 and 2010, there was a mutual transition between grassland and woodland. In the small relief mountains, the dominating change trend was the mutual transition between grassland and woodland. However, the proportion of the grassland converted into woodland was much higher than that from the woodland into grassland. While in the medium relief and high relief mountains, the main transitions were that other land cover types transformed into woodland. It can be noted that the National Grain for Green Project and Afforestation Policy mainly occurred in the mountain area, while deforestation occurred in the gentle relief area.

Key words: land cover change, basic geomorphic type, transition probability matrix, Shanxi Province