武陵山区生态安全格局演变分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00315

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 315-324.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00315

• 扶贫空间信息系统关键技术研究专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

武陵山区生态安全格局演变分析

张家其¹(), 葛咏^2,⁴, 吴宜进^3,^*(), 陈跃红², 田亚平¹, 韩青¹, 何磊杨¹

1. 衡阳师范学院资源环境与旅游管理系,衡阳 421008
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
3. 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉 430079
4. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023

收稿日期:2015-07-15 修回日期:2015-12-16 出版日期:2016-03-10 发布日期:2016-03-10
作者简介:
作者简介:张家其(1985-),男,博士生,讲师,主要从事区域资源开发与利用方面研究.E-mail:594089143@qq.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划课题"扶贫空间信息系统关键技术及其应用"(2012BAH33B00);衡阳师范学院人才引进启动基金项目(15B11)

Analysis on the Evolution of Ecological Security Pattern in Wuling Mountain

ZHANG Jiaqi¹(), GE Yong^2,⁴, WU Yijin^3,^*(), CHEN Yuehong², TIAN Yaping¹, HAN Qing¹, HE Leiyang¹

1. Resources Environment & Tourism Management Department, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 China
2. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
4. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2015-07-15 Revised:2015-12-16 Online:2016-03-10 Published:2016-03-10
Contact: WU Yijin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文依据武陵山区遥感调查数据及社会经济统计数据,运用灰色关联度模型计算2000年和2010年生态安全综合指数,并对研究区生态安全综合指数的时空演变特征进行分析.结果表明:(1)2000年研究区生态安全综合指数处于Ⅲ级临界安全和Ⅱ级较差安全水平,2010年生态安全综合指数整体处于Ⅲ级临界安全水平之上;(2)2期Moran's I指数分别为0.3828及0.4411,P值均小于0.01,生态安全综合指数在空间上表现出较强正相关,存在空间聚集性,且2010年聚集性更强;(3)武陵山区2期生态安全综合指数空间分布出现较大变化,且都呈现高值,低值聚集;(4)生态安全综合指数与扶贫人口比例及森林覆盖率呈正相关,与农民人均纯收入没有必然的联系.

关键词: 生态安全综合指数, 灰色关联, 空间格局, 武陵山区

Abstract:

With the rapid growth of global economy and population, the ecological environment was severely influenced by the human activity, and the excessive human exploitation of resources has brought continuously increasing pressure to resources and environment. As a result, a series of global ecological problems were caused, such as resource wars, environmental pollution, ecological refugees and environmental health problems. The ecological environmental problem has been a serious threat to our country's economic development and human life security. Meanwhile, the ecological security has gradually become a hot issue which drew increasing attentions of the international communities. Based on the physical, social and economic characteristics of the research area, an evaluation system of ecological security was built up, and the grey relational analysis method was used to calculate the ecological security index of the mountainous area of Wuling. This research analyzed the study area's ecological security pattern, and the results are showed as follow: (1) there was a huge increase in the ecological security index between 2000 to 2010, and the Qiandong area presented the fastest increasing trend; (2) a significant positive correlation was presented between the ecological security index and the space in 2000 and 2010, and the spatial aggregation effect of 2010 was stronger; (3) a high accumulation and a low accumulation pattern was revealed in the spatial distribution of ecological security index within the mountainous area of Wuling, and the spatial distribution pattern of ecological security changed greatly between 2000 and 2010. Because of the rich natural resources of Wuling area, the scientific and reasonable evaluation of the regional ecological environment is necessary to provide specific and feasible suggestions to the relevant functional departments for environmental protection.

Key words: eco-security index, gray correlation, ecological security pattern, the mountainous area of Wuling

张家其, 葛咏, 吴宜进, 陈跃红, 田亚平, 韩青, 何磊杨. 武陵山区生态安全格局演变分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(3): 315-324.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00315

ZHANG Jiaqi,GE Yong,WU Yijin,CHEN Yuehong,TIAN Yaping,HAN Qing,HE Leiyang. Analysis on the Evolution of Ecological Security Pattern in Wuling Mountain[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(3): 315-324.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00315

图/表 8

图1

表1

武陵山区生态安全评价指标体系

		评价指标	指标代码	基准值来源	基准值	数据来源
研究区生态安全评价指数A	压力B₁	人口密度/(人/km²)	X₁	本底值参考	200	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		人口自然增长率/(‰)	X₂	生态县建设指标^[28]	8	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		化肥使用强度/(kg/hm²)	X₃	生态县建设指标^[28]	250	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		人均GDP/(万元/人)	X₄	生态县建设指标^[28]	2.5	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		农药使用强度/(kg/hm²)	X₅	本底值参考	30	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		经济密度/(万元/km²)	X₆	本底值参考	850	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		第三产业比重/(%)	X₇	生态县建设指标^[28]	45	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		路网密度/(km/km²)	X₈	本底值参考	1.11	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		城市化水平/(%)	X₉	生态县建设指标^[28]	50	2000,2010年统计年鉴
	状态B₂	人均粮食产量/(kg/人)	X₁₀	国际标准	400	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		水土流失面积比重/(%)	X₁₁	本底值参考	32.7	湖北省水土保持监测中心站
		有效灌溉面积比重/(%)	X₁₂	本底值参考	65.8	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		森林覆盖率/(%)	X₁₃	生态县建设指标^[28]	75	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心遥感数据,分辨率30 m
		人均水资源量/(m³/人)	X₁₄	本底值参考	2052	2000,2010年各省水资源公报
		人均耕地面积/(hm²/人)	X₁₅	国际标准	0.08	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心遥感数据,分辨率30 m
		万元GDP能耗/(t/万元)	X₁₆	"十二五"能源规划目标	0.81	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		万人拥有卫生技术人员	X₁₇	"十二五"规划目标	45	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		万人拥有教师数	X₁₈	"十二五"规划目标	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		万人拥有床位数	X₁₉	"十二五"规划目标	35	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		空气质量优良指数/(%)	X₂₀	生态县建设指标^[28]	90	各省环境公报
		水质达标率/(%)	X₂₁	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	各省环境公报
		恩格尔系数/(%)	X₂₂	小康社会标准^[30]	40	2000,2010年统计年鉴
	响应B₃	固废无害化处理率/(%)	X₂₃	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		废水处理率/(%)	X₂₄	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		烟尘排放达标率/(%)	X₂₅	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		科教支出占GDP比/(%)	X₂₆	生态县建设指标^[28]	6	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		环保投资占GDP比/(%)	X₂₇	生态县建设指标^[28]	3.5	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		用水普及率/(%)	X₂₈	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		建成区绿地率/(%)	X₂₉	国家园林城市标准	30	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		人均绿地面积/(m²/人)	X₃₀	国家园林城市标准	5	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		退耕还林完成率/(%)	X₃₁	"十二五"规划目标	18.57	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		生活垃圾处理率/(%)	X₃₂	生态县建设指标^[28]	100	2000,2010年统计年鉴
		生活污水处理率/(%)	X₃₃	生态县建设指标^[28]	60	2000,2010年统计年鉴

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

图4

表4

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描述等级	取值范围	生态安全特征	评语
Ⅴ	>0.75	适合人类生存发展,生态环境优越	优
Ⅳ	0.65-0.75	较适合人类生存发展,生态环境较好	良
Ⅲ	0.55-0.65	基本满足人类生存发展需求,生态环境一般	中
Ⅱ	0.45-0.55	勉强满足人类生存发展需求,生态环境较差	较差
Ⅰ	<0.45	不适合人类生存发展,生态环境差	差

年份	Moran's I 指数	预期指数	方差	Z值	P值	结果
2000	0.3828	-0.0167	0.0095	4.1065	0.0000	正相关
2010	0.4411	-0.0167	0.0114	4.2947	0.0000	正相关

武陵山区生态安全格局演变分析

Analysis on the Evolution of Ecological Security Pattern in Wuling Mountain

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