一种基于地球物理数据格网的三维地质填图方法及其实现

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00742

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地球物理方法（重力、地震、电法等）是地质调查及填图工作中的重要手段。相对于二维地质填图,三维地质填图/建模更迫切地需要借助地球物理数据来获取大量与深度有关的地质信息,因此本文提出了一种基于地球物理数据的地质体三维填图方法。首先,将不同地球物理手段所获取到的数据格网进行可视化建模综合;然后,在有限的地质采样约束下进行解释并直接映射为地质三维模型。实践证明,该方法自动化程度较高,并能在地质调查工作中针对性地解决一些地球物理资料较丰富而地质采样相对匮乏的三维地质填图问题。此外,它也可应用于传统三维地质填图工作中,以极大地提高地球物理数据处理效率。

关键词: 三维地质填图, 地球物理资料解释, 数据可视化

Abstract:

The geophysical methods (gravity, seismic, electric etc.) are the major tools used in geological investigation and mapping. From the 2D geological mapping to the 3D geological mapping, the amount of data and work has rapidly increased. This requires some improvements in processing the geophysical data interpretation to promote and strengthen its role in the 3D geological mapping works. Since the geophysical data are recorded in forms of data grids, traditionally, people need to extract the geological information from various data grids acquired from different geophysical methods, and then manually integrate the information to construct a 3D geological model. This usually causes inconveniences and inefficiencies. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology of 3D geological mapping with the geophysical data grids. It firstly constructs some visualization models from different geophysical data grids. Then, it subsequently integrates these models for interpretation using the mapping rules adopted from the physical properties of rock samples measured in laboratory. And finally, it converts the interpreted visualization model into the 3D geological model. Based on this methodology, we implement the corresponding system which accomplishes the above processes efficiently. As an example, we presented a detailed description for constructing the 3D lithological model using the methodology mentioned above with the geological survey data acquired in the geological investigation of western Jungger, Xinjiang in China. The practical application demonstrates that the methodology has a high degree of automation and it can effectively solve the problems of 3D geological mapping in cases such as the lack of sufficient geological sampling information while having enriched geophysical data.

Key words: 3D geological mapping, geophysical data interpretation, data visualization

余翔宇, 徐义贤. 一种基于地球物理数据格网的三维地质填图方法及其实现[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(6): 742-748.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00742

YU Xiangyu,XU Yixian. A Methodology for 3D Geological Mapping Based on Geophysical Data Grids and Its Implementation[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(6): 742-748.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00742

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

几种解释函数形式

函数类型	函数形式
常数型	$f i (x k, v i) = a i 0$
线性函数	$f i (x k, v i) = a i 0 + a i 1 (x k 1 - v i 1) + a i 2 (x k 2 - v i 2) + … + a il (x kl - v il)$
二次函数	$f i (x k, v i) = a i 0 + a i 1 (x k 1 - v i 1) + a i 2 (x k 2 - v i 2) + … + a il (x kl - v il) + a i (l + 1) (x k 1 - v i 1) 2 + a i (l + 2) (x k 2 - v i 2) 2 + … + a i (l + 2) (x k 2 - v i 2) 2 + a i 2 l + 1) (x k 1 - v i 1) (x k 2 - v i 2) + … + a i (l + 1) (l + 2) / 2) (x k (l - 1 - v i (l - 1) (x kl - v il)$
变形二次函数	$f i (x k, v i) = a i 0 + a i 1 (x k 1 - v i 1) + a i 2 (x k 2 - v i 2) + … + a il (x kl - v il) + a i (l + 1) (x k 1 - v i 1) (x k 2 - v i 2) + … + a i (l (l + 1) / 2) (x k (l - 1 - v i (l - 1) (x kl - v il)$

表2

图6

图7

图8

图9

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模型名称	准确性/(%)	收敛能力	泛化能力
模糊神经网络(FNN)	85.4	好	很好
模糊聚类 (FCM)	76.6	很好	好
硬聚类(HCM)	68.8	很好	差
BP神经网络(BPNN)	81.6	差	差
支持向量机(SVM)	79.5	差	很好