大连市城区绿地时空特征的热环境效应研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文选择大连市沙河口和西岗区为研究区,以Landsat ETM、SPOT等数据为基础,通过遥感解译和反演得到1999年和2013年研究区内绿地及地表温度空间分布及演变特征,结合温度-植被指数（TVX）空间分析法测度城区发展过程中绿色空间减退所引起的热环境效应,以提出更有针对性的城市气候变化适应性规划。研究结果表明：（1）1999-2013年,研究区绿地面积减少43.8%,绿地斑块增加42.9%,城市绿地呈现面积减少、空间分布碎化的演变特征。其中,森林绿地、公园绿地和街区绿地转化为建设用地的贡献率分别为43.8%、42.9%和13.3%,街区绿地因原始面积小且转化率高,被建设用地侵占最为严重。（2）1999-2013年,研究区地表温度最高值上升5.2 K,地表温差增加1.7 K,地温聚集区间由301.6 ~304.7 K上升至306.5~310.9 K,热环境效应加剧。（3）TVX模型追踪结果显示,快速城市化过程中研究区内城市绿地转化为建设用地引起植被覆盖度下降和地表温度上升,其中街区绿地被侵占造成的地表热环境效应大于公园绿地和森林绿地。

关键词: TVX, 绿地空间, 热环境效应, 地表温度, 空间演变

Abstract:

Shahekou and Xigang District of Dalian was the subject of this study. Based on remote sensing images of SPOT5 and ETM7 sensors, we obtained the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of green space and surface temperature in this area from 1999 to 2013 by remote sensing interpretation and inversion. This work adopted the TVX Model to accurately measure evolution of green space and thermal environmental effects in order to put forward a more targeted climate change adaptation planning for urban. The results showed that: (1) in 1999-2013, the greenbelt area decreased 43.8% and greenbelt patch increased 42.86%. The urban green space has evolution characteristic of decreasing area and the spatial distribution fragmentation. The contribution of forest green land, park green land and neighborhood green land transformation into construction is 43.8%, 42.9% and 13.3%, respectively. The occupation of neighborhood green land for construction is the most serious because the original neighborhood green land area is small and the conversion rate high; (2) in 1999-2013, the highest rise of surface temperature is 5.2 K and the surface temperature difference increased 1.7 K. The geothermal aggregation interval increased from 301.6~304.7 K to 306.5~310.9 K and the thermal environmental effects deteriorated. (3) During the period studied, the landscape of land cover and land surface temperature changed significantly. TVX model tracking results indicated that urban green space transformation into urban construction land caused vegetation coverage decreased and surface temperature raised due to the rapid urbanization. Neighborhood green land encroachment caused more serious surface thermal environmental effects than park and forest green land.

Key words: TVX, green space, thermal environmental effects, surface temperature, spatial evolution

杨俊, 孙静, 葛全胜. 大连市城区绿地时空特征的热环境效应研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(8): 1087-1093.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01087

YANG Jun,SUN Jing,GE Quansheng. Study on Thermal Environmental Effect of Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Urban Green Space in the City of Dalian[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(8): 1087-1093.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01087

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时间	数据类型	分辨率	来源
1999-08-19	Landsat7 ETM	30 m	地理空间数据云
	Landsat7 ETM	30 m	地理空间数据云
	MOD07 大气廓线产品	5 km	NASA 网站下载
2013-08-29	Landsat7 ETM	30 m	地理空间数据云
	SPOT5	10 m	国家海洋监测中心
	MOD07 大气廓线产品	5 km	NASA 网站下载

	森林绿地		公园绿地		街区绿地		合计
	斑块数	面积/km²	斑块数	面积/km²	斑块数	面积/km²	斑块数	面积/km²
1999年	2489	9.6	901	12.4	842	3.6	4232	25.6
2013年	2806	4.7	1728	7.6	1512	2.1	6046	14.4
1999-2013年变化量	317	-4.9	827	-4.8	670	-1.5	1814	-11.2