深圳湾和岘港湾30年土地利用变化研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以南海周边的岘港湾和深圳湾为研究对象,选取了1987年和2015年的遥感影像,基于土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用动态度模型和土地利用程度模型,对2个海湾近30年来的土地利用变化情况进行了对比研究,对所属海岸带的绿地、围填海及城市扩张等变化程度进行了整体分析,透过海湾不同的土地利用特征探究其发展情况。研究结果表明：（1）深圳湾原本的耕地全部被开发为城镇用地,约51%的养殖用地转变为城镇用地,而岘港湾约有86%耕地转化为城镇用地,养殖用地面积则增加了1.43 km²;（2）深圳湾填海造陆面积达32 km²,岘港湾填海造陆面积约5 km²,远小于深圳湾的造陆强度;（3）岘港湾城镇土地增加速度略高于深圳湾,其2015年土地利用综合指数为283.28,而深圳湾在1987年就达到274.12,且2015年该值高达320.52,岘港湾的土地利用综合指数远低于同期深圳湾的水平,岘港湾的土地利用呈现出明显的工业化中期的土地利用特征,而深圳湾则已进入工业化后期;（4）岘港湾裸地面积增加了3.5倍,而深圳湾没有增加,深圳湾的红树林面积增加了2.1倍,而岘港湾的红树林在1987年前已消失,深圳湾的开发方式更注重对自然土地类型及功能性绿地的保护。

关键词: 南海, 海湾, 土地利用变化, 遥感, 区域对比

Abstract:

Bays that are similar in their geographical conditions may experience different land use changes due to the distinct levels of development. In this paper, Shenzhen Bay in China and Danang Bay in Vietnam were chosen as the study regions. Based on the land use data in 1987 and 2015, which is interpreted from Landsat image, a dynamic degree model and a comprehensive index was used to extract the information of land exploration and utilization in Shenzhen Bay and Danang Bay. Finally, the level of economic development was estimated by analyzing the land use changes. The whole research includes four parts that are explained as follows. (1) From 1987 to 2015, all of the arable land and 51% of the aquaculture land was turned into the urban land in Shenzhen Bay region. However, in Danang Bay region, 86% of the arable land was changed into the urban land and the aquaculture land had increased with an annual rate of 0.55 square kilometers, which is opposite to Shenzhen Bay. (2) The land area transformed from water in Shenzhen Bay is 32 square kilometer, being much greater than Danang Bay, which is 5 square kilometers, explaining that the scale of sea reclamation in Shenzhen Bay is far more severe than Danang Bay. (3) The dynamic degree of urban land in Danang Bay is higher than Shenzhen Bay. Meanwhile, the land utilization comprehensive index model claims that the land utilization degree in Shenzhen Bay is much higher, which reveals that the level of development in Shenzhen Bay is obviously higher than Danang Bay. Analysis on all land use changes shows that Danang Bay is in the middle of industrialization, while Shenzhen Bay is in the late industrialization. (4) The area of bare land had increased by 3.5 times in Danang Bay, while there was no increase in Shenzhen Bay. Furthermore, the area of mangroves had increased by 2.1 times in Shenzhen Bay. All of these conclusions indicate that more attention should be paid to the growth of natural functional vegetation and the protection of ecological environment in Shenzhen Bay than in Danang Bay.

Key words: South China Sea, bay, land use change, remote sensing, regional comparison

冯雪, 苏奋振, 王武霞, 丁智. 深圳湾和岘港湾30年土地利用变化研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(9): 1276-1286.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01276

FENG Xue,SU Fenzhen,WANG Wuxia,DING Zhi. Study on Land Use Changes of Shenzhen Bay and Danang Bay for 30 Years[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(9): 1276-1286.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01276

图/表 12

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

表4

图3

表5

岘港湾1987-2015年土地利用状况

土地类型	1987年该类面积/ $k m 2$	1987年该类占陆域比例/（%）	2015年该类面积/ $k m 2$	2015年该类占陆域比例/（%）	减少地占1987年同类面积比例/（%）	增加地占2015年同类面积比例/（%）
草地	23.28	11.04	10.95	5.09	59.34	10.10
城镇用地	26.21	12.43	87.30	40.53	0.00	68.38
耕地	40.10	19.02	5.65	2.62	85.92	0.00
林地	110.66	52.48	107.80	50.05	2.58	0.00
裸地	0.47	0.22	1.68	0.78	0.00	71.84
沙地	10.14	4.81	0.56	0.26	95.20	6.97
养殖用地	0.00	0.00	1.43	0.66	0.00	100.00

表5

表6

图4

图5

表7

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	深圳湾	岘港湾
位置	22o24′18″~22o32′12″N 113o53′06~11o02′30″E	16°4'19"~16°11'58"N 108°7'22"~108°14'35"E
水域面积/km²	90	130
年均温度/℃	22.4	25.9
年降水量/mm	1933	2505
形态	狭长型半封闭	宽长型半开敞
平均潮差/m	0.38	0.7
近湾城市	经济特区深圳	直辖市岘港
河流作用	缓慢淤积	无明显淤积

	土地利用类型	分级指数
未利用土地级	裸地、沙地	1
土地自然再生利用级	林地、草地、水体	2
土地人为再生利用级	耕地、养殖用地	3
土地非再生利用级	城镇用地	4

土地类型	1987年该类面积/km²	1987年该类占陆域比例/（%）	2015年该类面积/km²	2015年该类占陆域比例/（%）	减少地占1987年同类面积比例/（%）	增加地占2015年同类面积比例/（%）
草地	12.79	5.13	22.87	7.97	43.81	68.50
城镇用地	62.57	25.12	167.83	58.48	0.00	62.72
耕地	14.65	5.88	0.00	0.00	100.00	0.00
红树林	2.68	1.08	5.73	2.00	18.47	64.94
林地	107.36	43.11	76.15	26.54	36.30	10.20
裸地	2.09	0.84	2.09	0.73	0.00	0.00
养殖用地	46.91	18.84	12.30	4.29	74.91	4.30