基于PS-InSAR和GIS的北京平原区建筑荷载对地面沉降的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01551

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (11): 1551-1562.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01551

基于PS-InSAR和GIS的北京平原区建筑荷载对地面沉降的影响

周朝栋^1,²(), 宮辉力^1,², 张有全^1,^2,*^*(), 段光耀³

1. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
2. 首都师范大学三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京 100048
3. 天津城建大学地质与测绘学院,天津 300384

收稿日期:2016-06-14 修回日期:2016-08-31 出版日期:2016-11-20 发布日期:2016-11-20
通讯作者: 张有全 E-mail:giszcd@yeah.net;zhangyouquan1361@gmail.com
作者简介:
作者简介：周朝栋（1989-）,男,硕士生,主要从事微波遥感、城市地面沉降方面研究。E-mail: giszcd@yeah.net
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“北京地区地面沉降三维形变及演化机理研究”（41130744）;国家自然科学基金面上项目“地下水降落漏斗区动静载荷演化诱发地面沉降机理研究”(41171335);国家自然科学基金项目“地下水流场稳定区动静载荷差异模式下地面沉降响应机理”（4140010982）

The Influence of Building Load to Land Subsidence in Beijing Plain based on PS-InSAR and GIS

ZHOU Chaodong^1,²(), GONG Huili^1,², ZHANG Youquan^1,²(), DUAN Guangyao³

1. College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2. Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application of Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
3.School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China

Received:2016-06-14 Revised:2016-08-31 Online:2016-11-20 Published:2016-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北京平原区地面沉降问题日益突出,成因复杂,既包括人为地下水开采和城市建筑荷载作用,又包括自然土体固结和活动构造影响。地下水开采和建筑荷载是重要的驱动因素。如何提取区域尺度建筑载荷,评价其对地面沉降影响,是地面沉降灾害防治工作需要开展的重要环节。本文以简化后的容积率表征建筑载荷,首先利用PS-InSAR技术获取研究区地面沉降信息,然后使用GIS空间分析的方法提取出同等地下水开采影响下的不均匀沉降分布,其次采用阴影长度法提取了研究区建筑体高度,最终结合空间分析和回归分析方法研究建筑容积率与地面沉降之间的关系。主要研究结论：① 北京地区地面沉降比较严重,沉降速率大于30 mm/a的区域占比21.08%;② 地下水开采同等影响下的不均匀沉降区呈H形分布于平原区中部和北部;③ 阴影长度法能够较准确的评估出建筑容积率,可用于区域尺度静载荷的提取与分析;④ 在地质条件相似、水位变化相同的局部区域内,地面沉降速率与建筑容积率具有一定相关性,但相关系数较低。

关键词: 地面沉降, PS-InSAR, 建筑载荷, 容积率, GIS

Abstract:

Land subsidence in Beijing plain is becoming increasingly acute. The causes of land subsidence are complicated, including artificial over-exploration of groundwater and building load as well as natural soil consolidation and the influence of active structure. Over-exploration of groundwater and building load are the two important driving factors in the land subsidence of Beijing Plain. What we have focused on is how regional scale building load should be extracted and evaluated. In this paper, the simplified plot ratio stands for the building load and the land subsidence information of the study area is measured by PS-InSAR technique. We get the uneven subsidence distribution under the same groundwater exploration by the way of GIS spatial analysis. Meanwhile, building height is extracted by the way of Shadow's Length Method with high-resolution optical images. At last, the relationship between building load and land subsidence is studied by spatial analysis and regression analysis. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) Land subsidence in Beijing is very serious during 2003-2010, the percentage of 30mm/a-41.89mm/a area is 21.08%. (2) The uneven subsidence distribution under the same groundwater exploration is located in the central and northern Beijing as an H shape. (3) Shadow's Length Method can accurately estimate the plot ratio, which can be used to extract regional scale building load. (4) Land subsidence rate has a correlation with building plot ratio in similar geological condition and ground water level changing area but the correlation coefficient is small.

Key words: land subsidence, PS-InSAR, building load, plot ratio, GIS

周朝栋, 宮辉力, 张有全, 段光耀. 基于PS-InSAR和GIS的北京平原区建筑荷载对地面沉降的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016, 18(11): 1551-1562.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01551

ZHOU Chaodong,GONG Huili,ZHANG Youquan,DUAN Guangyao. The Influence of Building Load to Land Subsidence in Beijing Plain based on PS-InSAR and GIS[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016, 18(11): 1551-1562.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.01551

图/表 13

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序号	轨道号	影像时间	序号	轨道号	影像时间	序号	轨道号	影像时间
1	09290	2003-12-10	17	25322	2007-01-03	33	34340	2008-09-24
2	09791	2004-01-14	18	25823	2007-02-07	34	34841	2008-10-29
3	10292	2004-02-18	19	26324	2007-03-14	35	35342	2008-12-03
4	10793	2004-03-24	20	26825	2007-04-18	36	35843	2009-01-07
5	11294	2004-04-28	21	27827	2007-06-27	37	36344	2009-02-11
6	11795	2004-06-02	22	28328	2007-08-01	38	36845	2009-03-18
7	12296	2004-07-07	23	28829	2007-09-05	39	38348	2009-07-01
8	12797	2004-08-11	24	29330	2007-10-10	40	38849	2009-08-05
9	13298	2004-09-15	25	29831	2007-11-14	41	39350	2009-09-09
10	13799	2004-10-20	26	30332	2007-12-19	42	39851	2009-10-14
11	14801	2004-12-29	27	30833	2008-01-23	43	40352	2009-11-18
12	15803	2005-03-09	28	31334	2008-02-27	44	40853	2009-12-23
13	19811	2005-12-14	29	31835	2008-04-02	45	41354	2010-01-27
14	21815	2006-05-03	30	32336	2008-05-07	46	41855	2010-03-03
15	23318	2006-08-16	31	33338	2008-07-16	47	42356	2010-04-07
16	24320	2006-10-25	32	33839	2008-08-20	48	45133	2010-10-18

水准测点	纬度/°	经度/°	水准形变/mm	PS-视线向形变/mm	差值/mm	时间
天竺	40.06674	116.58833	-32.91	-34.36	1.45	2010-01-27至2010-10-18
新建村	39.92544	116.65795	-37.50	-35.83	1.67	2009-10-14至2010-10-18
龙旺庄	39.92245	116.68558	-30.50	-30.55	0.05	2009-10-14至2010-10-18

基于PS-InSAR和GIS的北京平原区建筑荷载对地面沉降的影响

The Influence of Building Load to Land Subsidence in Beijing Plain based on PS-InSAR and GIS

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