武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化及政策驱动因素分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00080

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

武汉城市圈是全国首批“两型社会”改革试验区之一,而且是中部崛起战略和长江经济带发展战略的重点区域。为了正确认识武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化特征,以及政策因素对土地利用变化的影响,本文基于2000、2005、2010和2015年4期武汉城市圈土地利用现状数据,结合GIS空间分析、数理统计、单一土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和综合土地利用动态度方法,对武汉城市圈2000-2015年以及3个5年期土地利用变化的总体特征、转化方向和区域差异特征进行研究,并分析政策因素对土地利用变化的驱动作用。结果表明：① 总体特征上,2000-2015年耕地、草地、林地和未利用地面积持续减少,建设用地和水域面积不断增多。② 变化方向上,2000-2015年以耕地、林地转化为建设用地和水域为主要特征,2000-2005年以耕地向水域和建设用地转化为主,2005-2010年以耕地向建设用地、水域,林地向建设用地转化为主,2010-2015年以耕地、林地和水域向建设用地转化为主。③ 区域时空差异上,综合土地利用动态度最大的区域集中在武汉城市圈的中部;从单一土地利用动态度看,耕地主要分布在武汉城市圈周边地区;建设用地主要集中在武汉城市圈中部;水域集中在武汉城市圈的仙桃市;林地主要在潜江市、云梦县;草地主要为英山县。④ 政策驱动因素分析上,中部崛起、两型社会、长江经济带发展战略等政策对土地利用变化具有重要影响。

关键词: 武汉城市圈, 土地利用, 时空变化, 政策驱动因素

Abstract:

Wuhan Metropolitan Area is one of the earliest comprehensive reform pilot area of resource-saving and environment-friendly society construction. It is also key areas of the Central China Development Strategy and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Scientifically understanding temporal characteristics of land use change of Wuhan Metropolitan Area is of great significance for formulation and implementation of regional land use policy. Based on the land use data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Wuhan Metropolitan Area combined with GIS spatial analysis, mathematical statistics, single land use dynamic degree, transfer matrix and integrated land use dynamic degree methods of land use, we studied the general characteristics of land use change, the direction of change and regional differences in characteristics of Wuhan Metropolitan Area during 2000 to 2015, and analyzed the policy-driven factors of land use change. The results showed that: (1) for the general characteristics, during 2000 to 2015, cultivated land, woodland, grassland and unused land was diminishing while residential land and water area was increasing. (2) For the changes in direction, during 2000 to 2015, cultivated land and forest land transformed to residential land and water was the main feature. During 2000 to 2005, farmland and residential land transformed to water was the main feature. During 2005 to 2010, cultivated land transformed to residential land, water and forest land transformed to residential land were the main feature. During 2010 to 2015, cultivated land, woodland, grassland and water transformed to residential land was the main feature. (3) For spatial and temporal differences at regional scale, the largest dynamic degree of integrated land use concentrated in the central area of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. From the aspect of dynamics degree of single land use, cultivated land was concentrated in surrounding areas of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Residential land was mainly located in central region of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Water was concentrated in Xiantao City of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Woodland was mainly located in Qianjiang city, Yunmeng County. The grass was mainly located in Yingshan County. (4) For the analysis of policy-driven factors, reforestation, urbanization, the rise of the Central Plains, two-oriented society, the development strategy of Yangtze River economic belt and other policies have important implications on land use change.

Key words: Wuhan Metropolitan Area, land use, temporal and spatial variation, policy-driven factors

黄端, 李仁东, 邱娟, 施媛媛, 刘建红. 武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化及政策驱动因素分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(1): 80-90.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00080

HUANG Duan,LI Rendong,QIU Juan,SHI Yuanyuan,LIU Jianhong. Analysis on Spatio-temporal Variation of Land Use and its Policy-Driven Factors inWuhan Metropolitan Area[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(1): 80-90.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00080

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[33]

土地利用类型	2000年			2005年		2010年			2015年
土地利用类型	面积/hm²		比重/%		面积/hm²	比重/%	面积/hm²	比重/%	面积/hm²	比重/%
耕地	2 929 455.65	50.54		2 888 776.94	49.84	2 839 111.76	48.97		2 774 679.54	47.86
林地	1 767 264.10	30.49		1 766 439.64	30.47	1 757 934.49	30.32		1 748 405.84	30.16
草地	142 275.32	2.45		141 313.14	2.44	140 689.46	2.43		139 919.27	2.41
水域	609 022.69	10.51		634 059.17	10.94	634 665.76	10.95		635 722.57	10.97
建设用地	327 741.18	5.65		347 824.73	6.00	407 120.67	7.02		481 198.87	8.30
未利用地	20 092.52	0.35		18 124.12	0.31	17 676.32	0.30		17 272.36	0.30
合计	5 795 851.46	100		5 796 537.75	100	5 797 198.45	100		5 797 198.45	100

土地利用类型	2000-2005年			2005-2010年		2010-2015年			2000-2015年
土地利用类型	变化面积		动态度		变化面积	动态度	变化面积	动态度	变化面积	动态度
耕地	-40 678.71	-0.28		-49 665.18	-0.34	-64 432.22	-0.45		-154 776.11	-0.35
林地	-824.45	-0.01		-8505.15	-0.10	-9528.65	-0.11		-18 858.26	-0.07
草地	-962.18	-0.14		-623.68	-0.09	-770.19	-0.11		-2356.05	-0.11
水域	25 036.48	0.82		606.59	0.02	1056.81	0.03		26 699.88	0.29
建设用地	20 083.55	1.23		59 295.93	3.41	74 078.20	3.64		153 457.68	3.12
未利用地	-1968.40	-1.96		-447.81	-0.49	-403.96	-0.46		-2820.16	-0.94

土地利用类型		2015年
土地利用类型		耕地	建设用地	草地	林地	水域	未利用地	转出合计
2000年	耕地	–	116 639.8	284.5	3157.8	40343.1	100.0	160 525.2
	建设用地	0.0	–	0.0	0.0	14.3	0.0	14.3
	草地	108.5	1930.3	–	793.8	924.0	0.0	3756.6
	林地	158.0	21 599.4	349.9	–	892.9	26.3	23 026.5
	水域	5186.1	12 131.9	563.3	110.4	–	1982.6	19 974.3
	未利用地	40.5	701.0	156.6	51.4	4008.0	–	4957.5
	转入合计	5493.1	153 002.4	1354.3	4113.4	46 182.3	2108.9	–

土地利用类型		2005年
土地利用类型		耕地	建设用地	草地	林地	水域	未利用地	转出合计
2000年	耕地	–	15 070.1	88.8	885.8	28 205.8	50.0	44 300.5
	建设用地	0	–	0	0	12.9	0	12.9
	草地	8.8	337.0	–	326.3	1057.0	0	1729.1
	林地	7.9	1837.9	22.3	–	750.9	14.8	2633.8
	水域	2060.9	2893.3	341.3	6.8	–	2423.1	7725.4
	未利用地	28.6	191.8	165.1	27.2	3553.1	–	3965.8
	转入合计	2106.2	20 330.1	617.5	1246.1	33 579.7	2487.9	–
土地利用类型		2010年
土地利用类型		耕地	建设用地	草地	林地	水域	未利用地	转出合计
2005年	耕地	–	44357.9	213.8	1443.3	8257.5	40.1	54 312.6
	建设用地	0	–	0	0	1.4	0	1.4
	草地	73.5	791.8	–	402.9	21.2	18.7	1308.1
	林地	99.2	9866.8	325.8	–	180.7	0	10 472.5
	水域	4230.7	3886.4	132.6	62	–	182.5	8494.2
	未利用地	1.7	195.6	0	16.7	481.5	–	695.5
	转入合计	4405.1	59 098.5	672.2	1924.9	8942.3	241.3	–
土地利用类型		2015年
土地利用类型		耕地	建设用地	草地	林地	水域	未利用地	转出合计
2010年	耕地	–	58 233.2	0	413.3	6159.4	28.5	64 834.4
	建设用地	0	–	0	0	0	0	0
	草地	0	793.6	–	52.2	8.9	0	854.7
	林地	14.7	9988.1	21.1	–	7	11.5	10 042.4
	水域	387.5	4794.4	58.6	40.8	–	0	5281.3
	未利用地	0	268.8	4.8	7.4	162.9	–	443.9
	转入合计	402.2	74 078.1	84.5	513.7	6338.2	40	–