海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00407

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 407-416.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00407

海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究

施婷婷¹(), 徐涵秋^1,^*(), 王帅¹, 方灿莹¹, 林中立¹, 王美雅¹, 唐菲²

1. 福州大学环境与资源学院/福州大学遥感信息工程研究所,福建福州 350116
2. 国家海洋局海岛研究中心,福建平潭 350400

收稿日期:2016-09-12 修回日期:2016-10-14 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-20
通讯作者: 徐涵秋 E-mail:shitingting93@163.com;hxu@fzu.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介：施婷婷（1993-）,女,福建平潭人,博士生,主要从事环境资源遥感应用研究。E-mail:shitingting93@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑项目(2013BAC08B01-05);福建省教育厅重点项目（JA13030）;国家自然科学基金项目（41501469）

Remote Sensing Study of Coastline Dynamics of Quanzhou Port:Starting Point of the Ancient Maritime Silk Road

SHI Tingting¹(), XU Hanqiu^1,^*(), WANG Shuai¹, FANG Canying¹, LIN Zhongli¹, WANG Meiya¹, TANG Fei²

1. College of Environment and Resources; Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering; Fuzhou 350116, China
2. Island Research Center, SOA, P.R.C; Pingtan 350400, China

Received:2016-09-12 Revised:2016-10-14 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20
Contact: XU Hanqiu E-mail:shitingting93@163.com;hxu@fzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泉州港作为古代海上丝绸之路的起点,今天又成为21世纪“一带一路”的新起点。本文以泉州港1990-2014年共6期的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合应用遥感和GIS技术提取了泉州港的海岸线及海域变化信息,从海岸线的长度、变化速率、分形维数、海域变化面积和海域利用类型5个方面进行海岸线变化及其驱动力分析。研究表明：近24年来,泉州港海岸线长度增加了37.78 km,海岸线的形状总体稳定,但在局部有明显变化。海岸线变化导致的海域变化面积为68.02 km²,其中,建设用地(城市和港口建设)占用的比例最大,围海养殖也是一个重要的利用类型。但泉州港围填海新增面积的利用率不高,超过一半的围填海面积尚未被合理地开发利用。总的来看,新城区建设、临港工业产业兴起和农渔业发展导致了泉州港海岸线的变化。

关键词: 遥感, GIS, 海岸线变化, 驱动力, 海上丝绸之路, 泉州港

Abstract:

As the starting point of China’s ancient Maritime Silk Road, Quanzhou Port has become a new starting point of “One Belt and One Road” in the 21st century. Quanzhou Port has a winding coastline running northward from Weitou Bay to Meizhou Bay. This paper studied the coastline dynamics of Quanzhou Port during 1990 to 2014. A total of six scenes of Landsat TM/OLI (1990, 1994, 2000, 1994, 2009 and 2014) were utilized for this study. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was used to enhance water information of the remote sensing images. The enhanced water images were then used to extract the coastlines from the images by setting a threshold. The extracted coastlines were later vectorized and integrated in ArcGIS to analyze their dynamics. The study of the coastline change in Quanhou Port was based on five aspects: coastline length, length changing rate, coastline fractal dimension, changed sea areas, and the use type of changed sea areas. Results showed that the coastline lengths of Quanzhou Port increased continually in the 24-study years, which was 418.19 km in 1990 and 455.97 km in 2014, an increase of 37.78 km during the period. The coastline shape of Quanzhou Port was generally stable. Nevertheless, intensive coastline changes do occur in some areas due to tide-land reclamation. This has locally led to the seaward advance of the shoreline and the simplification of the shoreline from winding to straight. The related sea area change due to the coastline modification was 68.02 km², of which built-up land and port land occupied the largest proportion. However, the reclamation area is not highly used and more than half of the reclamation area has not yet been developed. This remote sensing based study has detected four large reclamation areas, which are located in Nanpu of western Meizhou Bay (7.33 km² in area), Dongqiao of southwestern Meizhou Bay (34.85 km²in area), western entrance of Quanzhou Bay (4.88 km²in area), and eastern Jinjiang coast (5.17 km²in area). Among them, only eastern Jinjiang coast is an enclosed tideland reclaimed for agriculture and fishery, whereas the other three are mainly the lands reclaimed for built-up land and port land. For example, the landfill in the western entrance of Quanzhou Bay is now the seat of Quanzhou Government. On the whole, the new town construction, nearshore industrial and agricultural fishery development led to the coastline changes of Quanzhou Port.

Key words: remote sensing, GIS, coastline change, driving force, Ancient Maritime Silk Road, Quanzhou Port

施婷婷, 徐涵秋, 王帅, 方灿莹, 林中立, 王美雅, 唐菲. 海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(3): 407-416.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00407

SHI Tingting,XU Hanqiu,WANG Shuai,FANG Canying,LIN Zhongli,WANG Meiya,TANG Fei. Remote Sensing Study of Coastline Dynamics of Quanzhou Port:Starting Point of the Ancient Maritime Silk Road[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(3): 407-416.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00407

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序号	卫星	传感器	空间分辨率/m	成像日期	农历	成像时间(UTC+8)	潮汐位
1	Landsat 5	TM	30	1990-07-20	闰五月二十八	09:53	高潮位
2	Landsat 5	TM	30	1994-05-12	四月初二	09:52	中高潮位
3	Landsat 5	TM	30	2000-06-29	五月二十八	10:09	高潮位
4	Landsat 5	TM	30	2006-09-18	闰七月二十六	10:27	中高潮位
5	Landsat 5	TM	30	2009-06-06	五月十四	10:21	高潮位
6	Landsat 8	OLI	30	2014-09-08	八月十五	10:33	高潮位

因素（用海方式）		类型	定义
自然		淤积	指河流入海携带的泥沙在入海口周边沉积形成淤积
自然		蚀退	指海岸地带在风浪、沿岸海流、潮汐等作用影响下,岸线逐渐蚀退
人为	填海	建设用地	用于城镇居住、工业与交通等的填海
		农业用地	用于农、林、牧业生产的填海
		港口用地	用于港口码头、港池、堤坝等所使用的填海
		未利用地	主要指已填充或正在填充但未开发利用的填海
	围海	围海养殖	用于渔业养殖或渔业基础设施的围海
	围海	待利用水面	主要指已筑堤和正在筑堤的尚未利用的围海区域

	1990年	1994年	2000年	2006年	2009年	2014年
海岸线长度/km	418.19	424.87	429.25	432.00	445.17	455.97
分形维数	1.1481	1.1481	1.1498	1.1497	1.1553	1.1593
R²	0.9974	0.9976	0.9976	0.9977	0.9977	0.9978

	1990-1994年	1994-2000年	2000-2006年	2006-2009年	2009-2014年	1990-2014年
变化速率/(km/a)	1.67	0.73	0.46	4.39	2.16	1.57
变化面积/km²	3.43	4.45	44.79	9.97	8.44	68.02

利用类型	1990-1994年		1994-2000年		2000-2006年		2006-2009年		2009-2014年		1990-2014年
利用类型	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%
淤积	1.65	48.25	0.18	2.64	0.27	0.61	0.20	1.75	0.02	0.08	0.25	0.36
蚀退	0.08	2.34	1.52	22.56	0.33	0.74	0.51	4.37	0.37	1.97	1.51	2.23
建设用地	0.42	12.28	0.43	6.35	2.96	6.56	6.68	57.39	9.38	49.37	20.94	30.78
农业用地	0.47	13.74	1.12	16.71	1.06	2.35	0.31	2.64	0.00	0.00	1.34	1.97
港口用地	0.08	2.34	0.61	9.06	0.86	1.91	0.71	6.14	0.85	4.45	3.89	5.72
未利用地	0.07	2.05	0.09	1.27	2.03	4.51	2.82	24.19	6.81	35.82	7.30	10.74
围海养殖	0.37	10.82	2.43	36.20	1.60	3.56	0.00	0.00	0.72	3.79	4.00	5.88
待利用水面	0.28	8.19	0.35	5.21	35.95	79.76	0.41	3.53	0.86	4.52	28.79	42.32
总计	3.43	100	6.72	100	45.08	100	11.64	100	19.01	100	68.02	100

海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究

Remote Sensing Study of Coastline Dynamics of Quanzhou Port:Starting Point of the Ancient Maritime Silk Road

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