天津中心渔港岸线集约利用评价模型研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岸线资源利用管理是沿海地区经济可持续发展的重要支撑,因此开展岸线集约利用评价具有重要的意义。本文首先建立了岸线资源评价指标体系,并从资源优化配置的角度,建立了以遥感数据为主要数据源的岸线集约利用评价指标体系。通过对遥感影像（SPOT）的解译并结合实地调查与经济统计数据获取相关评价指标信息,构建基于层次分析法的岸线资源评价模型和岸线集约利用评价模型,并应用其对天津中心渔港项目进行评价,结果表明：① 天津中心渔港的岸线资源评价综合得分为3.004,其占用的岸线等级属于3级岸线;② 天津中心渔港的岸线集约利用综合得分偏低,只有0.3271。各项指标中,岸线利用状况指标得分相对较高,约占综合得分的49.25%;而中心渔港的岸线投入产出水平指标得分最低,仅占17.27%。研究表明,围填海面积开发强度过低是导致天津中心渔港岸线集约利用强度偏低的主要原因。

关键词: 岸线资源, 岸线集约利用, 遥感, 层次分析法, 天津中心渔港

Abstract:

As the natural intersection belt of land and ocean areas, coastline zone plays a key role in promoting regional economic development. Therefore, the evaluation of coastline utilization is of great importance for coastline resource management. This paper firstly created an index system for the evaluation of coastline resource. Then, for optimal allocation of coastline resource, an evaluation index system for intensive coastline utilization based on remote sensing data as well as socio-economic data was proposed. Through interpreting two SPOT remote sensing images and field survey, all the index values were obtained. Then, two multi-factor evaluation models, coastline resource evaluation model and intensive coastline utilization evaluation model, were established based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Tianjin center harbor, China, was taken to validate the feasibility of the models. The interpretation and analysis of remote sensing data of the harbor between 2006 and 2015 indicated that: (1) Tianjin center harbor covers an area of 2639.16 hm², of which 1451.46 hm² is the land reclamation area, accounting for 55% of the total area; (2) the length of coastline surrounding the harbor was 2.46 km in 2006, but increased to 10.84 km in 2015 due to the land reclamation; and (3) the utilized land reclamation area is 527.76 hm², accounting for a proportion of 36.36%.The application of the aforementioned evaluation models to Tianjin Center Harbor on the basis of the information extracted from the remote sensing images and in situ investigation data showed that (1) the coastline-occupation level of the harbor in 2006 can be classified as a third grade with a score of 3.004; (2)the intensive coastline utilization of the harbor reached a comprehensive value of 0.3271, of which the factor of coastline utilization status scored a relatively high value of 0.1611, accounting for 49.25%, while the factor of output-to-input ratio hit a lowest of 0.0565. The analysis results suggested that the two proposed models could work effectively in the evaluation of the coastline resource and intensive coastline utilization for the Tianjin center harbor.

Key words: coastline resource, intensive coastline utilization, remote sensing, AHP, Tianjin center harbor

杨立娟, 徐涵秋, 唐菲, 付伟, 王美雅, 孙凤琴. 天津中心渔港岸线集约利用评价模型研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(3): 417-424.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00417

YANG Lijuan,XU Hanqiu,TANG Fei,FU Wei,WANG Meiya,SUN Feng-qin. Evaluation of Intensive Coastline Utilization of Tianjin Center Harbor[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(3): 417-424.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00417

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指标	权重	影响因子	权重
自然环境条件	0.2661	水文条件	0.1167
		海洋水质条件	0.1183
		岸线长度	0.0789
		陆域生态环境	0.2205
		水深条件	0.3574
		海岸类型	0.1082
海域通航条件	0.2102	航道、锚地条件	1.0000
陆域集疏条件	0.1693	道路通达度	1.0000
陆域宽度	0.1434	陆域宽度	1.0000
社会经济条件	0.2110	产业配套设施完备度	0.4550
社会经济条件	0.2110	开发现状	0.5450

	优（5分）	良（4分）	中（3分）	较差（2分）	差（1分）
水文条件	岸线很稳定	岸线稳定	岸线微冲	岸线较不稳定	岸线不稳定
海洋水质条件	Ⅰ类（清洁）	Ⅱ类（较清洁）	Ⅲ类（轻度污染）	Ⅳ类（中度污染）	Ⅴ类（严重污染）
岸线长度/m	>3500	2000~3500	1000~2000	500~1000	<500
陆域生态环境	优（一级）	良（二级）	一般（三级）	较差（四级）	差（五级）
水深条件/m	>20	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5
海岸类型	基岩海岸	沙砾质海岸	淤泥质海岸	生物海岸	其他
航道/锚地条件	供10万t船舶停靠	供5万t船舶停靠	供1万t船舶停靠	供5000 t船舶停靠	供1000 t船舶停靠
道路通达度	高速公路（高速/铁路）	一级公路（高速/国道）	二级公路（省道）	三级公路（县道/城郊道路）	四级公路（乡村道路）
陆域宽度/m	>1000	800~1000	500~800	100~500	<100
产业配套设施完备度	很完善	较好	基本完备	不全	很不完备
开发现状	属于重点开发岸线	符合岸线总体规划	基本符合岸线总体规划	部分岸线总体规划受限制开发	部分重要岸线总体规划受限制开发

指标	权重	影响因子	权重
岸线利用状况	0.2370	岸线利用率	0.3325
		围填海面积开发强度	0.4047
		新增码头岸线长度比率	0.2628
岸线投入产出水平	0.3420	固定资产投入产出比率	1.0000
岸线运营强度	0.4210	货物吞吐量强度	1.0000

影响因子	计算公式
岸线利用率	已使用岸线长度/规划的岸线长度
围填海面积开发强度	围填海建设面积/围填海总面积
新增码头岸线长度比率	新增岸线长度/岸线总长度
固定资产投入产出比率	年平均收益总额/固定年投资额
货物吞吐量强度	货物吞吐量/规划的岸线长度

	2006年/hm²	2015年/hm²	2006-2015年变化
	2006年/hm²	2015年/hm²	面积/ hm²	比例/%
养殖渔排	23.93	-	-23.93	-0.91
草地	20.78	125.77	104.99	3.98
水体	2383.46	1187.70	-1195.76	-45.31
建设用地	116.77	313.29	196.52	7.45
未利用地	94.21	923.70	829.49	31.43
林地	-	88.70	88.70	3.36
岸线长度/km	5.04	10.84	5.80
总面积	2639.16