黔桂喀斯特山地与山区类型划分技术与应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00934

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学界定山地和山区类型是认识山地、因地制宜促进山区可持续发展的基础,可为山区分类开发、分类施策提供依据。本文采用均值变点法确定滑动窗口尺寸,运用空间分析工具对SRTM进行处理以获取山地坡度、起伏度,并提取了黔桂喀斯特各类山地空间范围和规模,以此对县级层面黔桂喀斯特山区类型进行了划分。主要结论如下：①二次使用均值变点法确定移动窗口面积与平均地形起伏度拟合的对数曲线拐点,其表征的是黔桂喀斯特山区地形起伏度最佳统计单元—移动窗口面积为6.50 km²。②黔桂喀斯特山地占比大,山地与非山地面积之比约为89:11,且山地省际空间分异明显,贵州喀斯特山地以中山、中低山为主,占贵州部分的57%;而广西喀斯特山地以丘陵为主,占广西部分的59%。③黔桂喀斯特山地区均为山区县,其中,18个纯丘陵县、10个半山区县、15个准山区县、21个显山区县、32个整山区县。整山区县个数多,多分布于乌蒙山区和黔桂峰丛洼地山区,多数为国家扶贫开发工作重点县。

关键词: 山地, 山区, DEM, 地形起伏度, 喀斯特

Abstract:

Reasonably demarcating mountain types and mountainous areas can provide reasonable basis for exploring land resource and carrying out policies in mountainous regions, respectively. In this study, mean change point method was used for best statistical window. We obtain the slope and the degree of fluctuation form SRTM data by using spatial analysis tools, and extract spatial scope and scale in Qian-Gui karst areas. In addition, we also divide Qian-Gui karst areas into different types of mountainous area at county level. The results are as follows: (1) quadratic mean change point method is used to determine the logarithmic curve inflection point of which the best statistical window is demonstrated to be 6.50 km²between changing window size and mean relief degree in Qian-Gui karst areas. (2) Qian-Gui karst areas have high proportion of mountainous land, and the ratio of mountainous land to non-mountainous land is 89:11. However, there is an obvious spatial distribution difference between Guangxi and Guizhou province. Karst mountain region in Guizhou is mainly consisted of middle-low mountain and middle mountain which account for 57%. Instead, the hill which accounts for 59% is the primary part of Guangxi karst mountain region. (3) Qian-Gui karst areas are all mountainous counties, including 18 pure hilly counties, 10 semi-mountainous county, 15 quasi-mountainous counties, 21 apparent mountainous counties and 32 entire mountainous counties. The entire mountainous county that is almost national key counties for poverty alleviation and development distribute majorly in Wumeng mountainous areas and Qian-Gui karst peak-cluster depressions.

Key words: mountain types, mountainous areas, DEM, relief degree, karst

赵宇鸾, 李秀彬, 张颖. 黔桂喀斯特山地与山区类型划分技术与应用[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(7): 934-940.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00934

ZHAO Yuluan,LI Xiubin,ZHANG Ying. Technology and Application of Mountainous Area Divisions in Qian-Gui Karst Areas[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(7): 934-940.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00934

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山地类型	海拔/m	地形起伏度/m	坡度/°
丘陵	<500	≥50	-
低山	[500,1000)	6.50 km²范围内地形起伏度≥200	-
中低山	[1000,1500)	-	≥5°
中山	[1500,2500)	-	≥2°
次高山	≥2500	-	-

山区类型	山地面积比例
非山区县	山地面积比例<40%
纯丘陵县	丘陵面积比例≥80%（某县满足纯丘陵县或其他类型的,纳入纯丘陵县）
半山区县	40%≤山地面积比例<70%
准山区县	70%≤山地面积比例<80%
显山区县	80%≤山地面积比例<90%
整山区县	90%≤山地面积比例<100%

山地类型	贵州部分		广西部分		黔桂喀斯特山地
山地类型	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%
山地	81 999.54	84.96	108 893.54	92.84	190 893.08	89.28
丘陵	1125.79	1.17	69 735.92	59.45	70 861.71	33.14
低山	25 736.11	26.67	32 488.92	27.70	58 225.03	27.23
中低山	38 833.91	40.24	6295.91	5.37	45 129.82	21.11
中山	16 266.14	16.85	372.79	0.32	16 638.93	7.78
次高山	37.58	0.04	0.00	0.00	37.58	0.02
非山地	14 516.86	15.04	8404.24	7.16	22 921.10	10.72
总计	96 516.40	100.00	117 297.78	100.00	213 814.18	100.00

山区类型	县（区、县级市、特区）名称
山区类型	贵州部分	广西部分
纯丘陵县	-	柳州市辖区、武宜县、来宾县、合山市、上林县、象州县、柳城县、隆安县、龙州县、马山县、平果县、忻城县、柳江县、大新县、扶绥县、崇左县、鹿寨县、宜州市
半山区县	南明区、白云区、红花岗区、花溪区、平坝县、安顺市、小河区	南宁市市辖区、宾阳县、桂平市
准山区县	云岩区、乌当区、修文县、普定县、麻江县、清镇市、长顺县、湄潭县、独山县、惠水县、金沙县、黔西县、遵义县	港北区、横县
显山区县	息烽县、岑巩县、贞丰县、龙里县、施秉县、贵定县、余庆县、黄平县、福泉市、镇宁县、兴仁县、瓮安县、开阳县、安龙县、都匀市、荔波县、平塘县、兴义市、六枝特区	巴马县、武鸣县
整山区县	凯里市、晴隆县、普安县、关岭县、石阡县、紫云县、思南县、纳雍县、织金县、罗甸县、大方县、水城县、盘县	凤山县、凌云县、天等县、那坡县、河池市、田阳县、东兰县、德保县、乐业县、罗城县、大化县、田东县、天峨县、靖西县、隆林县、百色市、南丹县、都安县、环江县