地球信息科学学报

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (8): 1080-1088.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01080

• 遥感科学与应用技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究进展

高会然1,2(), 沈琳3,4,5, 刘军志3,4,5,*(), 朱阿兴1,3,4,5,6, 秦承志1,5, 朱良君1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    3. 南京师范大学 虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 210023
    4. 江苏省地理环境演化国家重点实验室培育建设点,南京 210023
    5. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023
    6. 威斯康星大学（麦迪逊）地理系,威斯康星州 WI 53706, 美国
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-28 修回日期:2017-05-20 出版日期:2017-08-20 发布日期:2017-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘军志 E-mail:gaohr.14s@igsnrr.ac.cn;liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：高会然（1992-）,男,硕士生,研究方向为流域过程模拟与情景分析。E-mail: gaohr.14s@igsnrr.ac.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41601413、41431177、41401205）;江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20150975、BK20140921）

Review on the Simulation of Non-Point Source Pollution in the Hilly Region of Southern China

GAO Huiran1,2(), SHEN Lin3,4,5, LIU Junzhi3,4,5,*(), ZHU Axing1,2,3,4,5,6, QIN Chengzhi1,5, ZHU Liangjun1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    4. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China
    5. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
    6. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA;
  • Received:2017-03-28 Revised:2017-05-20 Online:2017-08-20 Published:2017-08-20
  • Contact: LIU Junzhi E-mail:gaohr.14s@igsnrr.ac.cn;liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

随着南方丘陵区开发利用强度的增大,氮、磷非点源污染和水体富营养化问题日益突出。由于流域尺度非点源污染过程的复杂性,难以建立大范围、重复可控的观测和实验环境,模型模拟成为非点源污染治理辅助决策的必要手段。已有学者对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟开展了相关研究,但缺乏对已有成果及其存在问题的系统总结以及对下一步研究方向的分析探讨。本文首先分析了南方丘陵区非点源污染过程的机理,认为该地区的非点源污染过程模拟应满足多过程耦合、空间全分布式及考虑区域特点等要求;然后,对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究现状以及存在问题进行了分析,总结了现有研究在描述非点源污染物迁移路径和反映区域特点等方面的不足;最后,从适合南方丘陵区特点的流域空间离散化方法、全分布式非点源污染物迁移路径的构建、特殊地物和人为活动在全分布式非点源污染模型中的综合表达等方面探讨了下一步研究方向,旨在为南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 非点源污染, 流域过程模拟, 南方丘陵区, 多过程耦合, 迁移路径, 人为活动, 中国

Abstract:

With the increase of economic development, water quality degradation caused by non-point source pollution has become a serious problem in the hilly region of southern China. It is hard to set up controllable experimental environment at the watershed scale due to the complexity of non-point source pollution processes. Model simulation has become an effective way to facilitate watershed management and planning. Related studies on the simulation of non-point source pollution have been conducted in this region. However, few works have been done to summarize the outcomes of shortcomings of these studies and to point out the future research directions. Firstly, this paper analyzed the physical mechanism of non-point source pollution and regional characteristics such as special land features, human activities in this region and pointed out that the simulation methods of non-point source pollution in this region should meet the following demands: (1) coupling multiple watershed processes such as hydrology, soil erosion, plant growth and the migrating and transforming of non-point source pollutants; (2) spatially fully distributed in order to express the spatial heterogeneity of non-point source pollutant loading, and describe the migration and transformation routes of pollutants explicitly in this region; (3) taking the special land features and human activities into consideration which have important effects on the process of non-point source pollution. Then, based on the above demands, this paper summarized the current studies on the aspects of migration routes modeling and the representation of special land features and human activities in this region, and analyzed the problems of existing methods for non-point source pollution modeling that applied in the hilly region of southern China. On the aspect of spatial discretization, current methods cannot accurately describe the spatial heterogeneity of non-point source pollution processes, and the modeling of pollutant transport routes is limited to semi-distributed approaches which can’t describe the exchange relationship of material and energy among adjacent spatial units at the hillslope scale. On the aspect of describing the regional characteristics, some watershed processes that are special in this region are absent in the current models. At last, future research directions were discussed on the following aspects: (1) Strengthen the description of the special landscape features, and explore the method of spatial discretization that suitable for hilly region of southern China; (2) Improve the construction of the fully-distributed migration routes of non-point source pollutants; (3) Conduct comprehensive representation of special land features and human activities in the fully-distributed non-point source pollution model. This paper aims to provide references to the simulation of non-point source pollution in the hilly region of southern China, which can then serve as an effective tool for scientific watershed management.

Key words: non-point source pollution, watershed process simulation, hilly region of southern China, processes coupling, transport path, human activities, China