不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01097

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (8): 1097-1107.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01097

不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究

方灿莹^1,³(), 胡秀娟^1,^*(), 徐涵秋^1,^2,³, 王美雅^1,³, 林中立¹

1. 福州大学遥感信息工程研究所,福州 350116
2. 空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室,福州 350116
3. 福州大学环境与资源学院,福州 350116

收稿日期:2016-12-07 修回日期:2017-03-23 出版日期:2017-08-20 发布日期:2017-08-20
通讯作者: 胡秀娟 E-mail:1158985715@qq.com;huxiujuan@fzu.edu.cn.
作者简介:
作者简介：方灿莹（1993-）,女,福建漳州人,硕士,主要从事城市化及其环境影响评价研究。E-mail: 1158985715@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41501469）

Comparison of the Ecological Quality between Different Urban Plannings

FANG Canying^1,³(), HU Xiujuan^1,^*(), XU Hanqiu^1,^2,³, WANG Meiya^1,³, LIN Zhongli¹

1. Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
2. Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
3. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

Received:2016-12-07 Revised:2017-03-23 Online:2017-08-20 Published:2017-08-20
Contact: HU Xiujuan E-mail:1158985715@qq.com;huxiujuan@fzu.edu.cn.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为定量分析不同城市规划理念带来的生态质量差异,本文以福州市在不同时期规划建设的2座体育场馆为例,基于Sentinel-2A遥感影像,应用新型遥感生态指数RSEI分析对比了这2座体育场馆的生态效应。在全面分析其主要地表覆盖信息的基础上,探讨了二者之间生态质量差异的原因。研究发现,采用传统理念规划的福建省奥林匹克体育中心的生态指数RSEI均值为0.39,而实行绿色生态规划的海峡奥林匹克体育中心的RSEI均值为0.42,优于福建省奥林匹克体育中心。总的看来,海峡奥体中心在规划中采用透水铺装和不勾缝的铺装形式,加大绿地斑块面积以及预留风道等绿色措施有效地提高了地表湿度、降低了地表温度和干度,从而对该体育中心的生态质量起到积极的作用。

关键词: 遥感, 生态质量, RSEI指数, 绿色生态城区规划, Sentinel-2A遥感影像

Abstract:

The rapid urbanization has brought about the benefit to the human society. Nevertheless, it also leads to a series of ecological problems, such as urban heat island and urban waterlogging. According to the blueprint and guidance for urban development, urban planning has a profound implication on the urban ecological quality in various ways. Therefore, a timely and precisely monitoring and assessment of ecological responses to different urban planning techniques have become an important issue for regional decision-makers. To meet this requirement, taking two sports centers that were built in 1980s and 2010s, respectively, in Fuzhou city as cases, this study utilized a recently developed Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to assess the ecological responses of the two sports centers to their different planning manners. A Sentinel-2A image dated on June 23, 2016 was employed to compute the RSEI of two sports centers. Furthermore, three thematic indices, Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDISI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), were utilized to extract the thematic features of impervious surface, vegetation and open water, respectively, from the used satellite images. The overall accuracies of the thematic feature extraction were greater than 90.0%. In addition, the Red Edge Position (REP) was calculated to estimate the state of vegetation growth. Based on the analysis of the main land cover information, the reasons for the differences of ecological quality between the two sports centers were then carried out. Results showed that the RSEI value of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center, built in 1980s with traditional planning manner, was 0.39, while the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center, recently-built with green ecological planning thought, had a higher value of 0.42, indicating a higher ecological quality of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center. This owes mainly to the green ecological planning for the sports center. The green construction techniques used in the planning of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center include the use of pervious surface, pavement without pointing joint, increase in green patches area, and reservation of wind corridors. These have effectively improved the ground wetness, reduced the land surface temperature and dryness, and thus have a great contribution to the ecological quality of the center. In addition, due to the immature status of the green plants in the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center, the vegetation growth in this center was slightly worse than that of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center, suggested by a relatively low mean NDVI value (0.522) of the center, compared with 0.562 of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center. Nevertheless, it is predictable that the NDVI of the Fuzhou Strait Olympic Sports Center could be higher than that of the Fujian Olympic Sports Center after a period of plant growth, and the ecological quality of the center would be further enhanced. On the whole, this study revealed that the adverse impact on ecological quality brought by urban construction could be effectively reduced by the green urban planning technology. Hence, it is essential to formulate and implement the green eco-environment conservation measures during the urban planning and construction so as to prevent further deterioration of the ecological environment.

Key words: remote sensing, ecological quality, RSEI, green ecological urban planning, Sentinel-2A

方灿莹, 胡秀娟, 徐涵秋, 王美雅, 林中立. 不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(8): 1097-1107.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01097

FANG Canying,HU Xiujuan,XU Hanqiu,WANG Meiya,LIN Zhongli. Comparison of the Ecological Quality between Different Urban Plannings[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(8): 1097-1107.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01097

图/表 11

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参考文献 40

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日期	时间/h	气压/hpa	海平面气压/hpa	气温/℃	相对湿度/%
2016-06-23	11	998.2	1007.8	33.7	61
2016-06-24	11	997.5	1007.1	33.6	61
2016-06-25	11	998.4	1007.9	34.0	58

	省体中心			奥体中心
	面积/hm²		百分比/%	面积/hm²	百分比/%
不透水面	28.54	69.09		82.82	62.75
植被	12.62	30.55		42.62	32.29
水体	0.15	0.36		3.15	2.39
绿地斑块平均面积/hm²	0.18		0.29

类别	区域	湿度（Wet）	绿度（NDVI）	干度（NDSI）	热度（LST）	遥感生态指数（RSEI）
均值	省体中心	0.362	0.562	0.578	0.580	0.390
均值	奥体中心	0.448	0.522	0.545	0.521	0.420
PC1载荷值	省体中心奥体中心	0.312	0.646	-0.434	-0.545

生态等级	省体中心			奥体中心
生态等级	面积/hm²		百分比/%	面积/hm²	百分比/%
差	14.64	35.44		37.21	28.19
中	24.96	60.42		83.83	63.52
优	1.71	4.14		10.94	8.29

类别	省体中心			奥体中心
类别	草地		树木	草地	树木
均值	724.00	723.96		722.78	722.42

不同城市规划的生态质量差异对比研究

Comparison of the Ecological Quality between Different Urban Plannings

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参考文献 40

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Sentinel-2A						SPOT-5
波段号		波段	波长/um	空间分辨率/m	辐射分辨率/bit	波段号	波段	波长/um	空间分辨率/m	辐射分辨率/bit
1	Coastal	0.430~0.457	60	12
2	Blue	0.440~0.538	10	12
3	Green	0.537~0.582	10	12		1	Green	0.50~0.59	10	8
4	Red	0.646~0.684	10	12		2	Red	0.61~0.68	10	8
5	Red edge	0.694~0.713	20	12
6		0.731~0.749	20	12
7		0.769~0.797	20	12
8	NIR-1	0.760~0.908	10	12		3	NIR	0.78~0.89	10	8
8b	NIR-2	0.848~0.881	20	12
9	Water vapor	0.932~0.958	60	12
				12
				12
10	Cirrus	1.337~1.412	60	12
11	MIR-1	1.539~1.682	20	12	4	MIR	1.58~1.75	20	8
12	MIR-2	2.078~2.320	20	12

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