全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01548

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (12): 1548-1669.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01548

• 山洪/泥石流灾害时空特征分析 • 上一篇下一篇

全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探

郭良^1,²(), 张晓蕾^1,^2,^*(), 刘荣华^1,², 刘业森³, 刘启^1,²

1. 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
2. 水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京 100038
3. 天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300072

收稿日期:2017-07-12 修回日期:2017-09-12 出版日期:2017-12-25 发布日期:2017-12-25
通讯作者: 张晓蕾 E-mail:guol@iwhr.com;zhangxl@iwhr.com
作者简介:
作者简介：郭良(1960-),男,教授级高工,主要从事山洪灾害防治研究。E-mail: guol@iwhr.com
基金资助:
2014、2015、2016年全国山洪灾害防治项目建设与管理（中央本级）（1261430112030、1261530180074、126301001000150068）;中国水科院2017年国际水利水电科技发展动态调研专项（JZ0145C022017）

Achievements and Preliminary Analysis on China National Flash Flood Disasters Investigation and Evaluation

GUO Liang^1,²(), ZHANG Xiaolei^1,^2,^*(), LIU Ronghua^1,², LIU Yesen³, LIU Qi^1,²

1. Chinese Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
2. Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Safety of Hydraulic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Received:2017-07-12 Revised:2017-09-12 Online:2017-12-25 Published:2017-12-25
Contact: ZHANG Xiaolei E-mail:guol@iwhr.com;zhangxl@iwhr.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山洪灾害调查评价是1949年来水利行业最大的非工程措施项目,是规模最大的全国性防灾减灾基础信息普查工程,历时4年,涉及全国30个省305个市2138个防治县（区）,国土面积755万km²,人口近9亿。运用普查、详查、外业测量、分析计算等多种手段,掌握了中国山洪灾害防治区范围、人员分布、下垫面条件、社会经济、历史山洪灾害等基本情况,科学分析了山丘区小流域的暴雨洪水特性,评价了现状防洪能力,计算了预警指标,划定了危险区,为山洪灾害预警预报和应急救援决策提供了基础信息支撑。本文系统介绍了全国山洪灾害调查评价的核心要点,综述了调查评价成果,归纳了调查评价成果要素类型,揭示了全国山洪灾害防治区、人口、历史山洪灾害事件与预警能力的空间分布一致性,即山洪灾害各要素集中分布于青藏高原-四川盆地过渡带、川滇交界地区、黄土高原区、东部沿海地区及华北等地区,最后初步探讨了该成果的应用前景。全国山洪灾害调查评价成果将为中国山洪灾害监测预警预报体系建设及防灾减灾能力提升提供丰富的基础数据支撑。

关键词: 山洪灾害, 调查评价, 成果汇总, 空间分布, 防灾减灾

Abstract:

National Flash Flood Disasters Investigation and Evaluation project is the largest non-engineering projects in water conservancy industry since the establishment of new China in 1949. It is also the largest scale of general census on disasters background in flood management and mitigation fields. The whole project lasted for 4 years, covering 30 provinces, 305 cities and 2138 counties, with a total land area of 7.55 million km² and a population of nearly 900 million. Through general census, on-site investigation, field measurement, hydrological analysis and calculation, and comprehensive evaluation methods, the spatial distribution, human settlement, underground situations, impacts, social and economic situations, hazard zoning, warning indicators and historical situations of flash flood disasters were collected. The storm flood characters in mountainous areas were also analyzed. The flood control ability of selected villages were assessed and the critical rainfall index of these villages were obtained. The hazard zones were finally identified, all of which provided a strong information support for flash flood early-warning and forecast and residential safety transfer. We systematically introduced the key focuses on the investigation and evaluation project of national flash flood disasters, made a general review on the collection of data and information, summarized thousands of investigation results and elements during this huge project. We also discussed the spatial pattern of these elements. Based on these survey data, the characteristics of flash flood disaster prevention areas, the human settlement features and spatial pattern of storm flood were further analyzed. Finally, flash flood prevention areas, population distribution, flash flood warning ability and historical flash flood disaster events were discussed. It was found that the national flash flood prevention areas, human settlement, historical flash flood events and warning ability appeared to be spatially consistent. They were mainly distributed along the transitional zone of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Sichuan basin, the borders of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, the Loess plateau zones, the Eastern coastal areas and the North China areas. Meanwhile, future application and analysis on diversified utilization of investigation and evaluation results of national flash flood disasters were proposed, providing a solid data foundation for flash flood monitoring and warning system, disaster management and mitigation researches, a better platform of technological promotions, in both flood management departments and other relevant fields.

Key words: flash flood disasters, investigation and evaluation, data summary, spatial distribution, flood mitigation and disaster relief

郭良, 张晓蕾, 刘荣华, 刘业森, 刘启. 全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(12): 1548-1669.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01548

GUO Liang,ZHANG Xiaolei,LIU Ronghua,LIU Yesen,LIU Qi. Achievements and Preliminary Analysis on China National Flash Flood Disasters Investigation and Evaluation[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(12): 1548-1669.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01548

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序号	成果名称	成果说明
1	空间信息数据库	52个图层,4576万个对象,全国2.5 m卫星遥感影像,56 TB
2	属性数据库	58张属性表,54 855 495条数据记录;14类多媒体数据,总文件数1123万个,文档资料7类,总文件数33.5万个,23 TB
3	省级工作底图	30个省,1:5万图幅26 409幅,8.6 TB
4	县级工作底图	2138个县工作底图数据,13.5 TB
5	全国山丘区小流域基础信息数据集	53万个小流域,16个图层,75项主要属性和水文特征、拓扑关系、标准化单位线,1.6 TB
6	全国山洪灾害防治行政区划补充数据集（乡、村）	乡镇界数据生产成果包括31个省共计2881个县的面状数据和约157万个自然村点数据
7	全国土地利用和植被类型数据集	30 m、2.5 m分辨率全国土地利用和植被类型数据,206 GB
8	全国土壤类型和土壤质地类型数据集	全国土壤类型数据和土壤质地类型数据,261.68 MB

发生时段	死亡人数/人	发生人员伤亡的灾害次数	无人员伤亡的山洪次数	年均山洪发生次数（无伤亡）
1950-1959	7321	536	1346	135
1960-1969	6949	551	2307	231
1970-1979	8047	655	3121	312
1980-1989	10 745	1164	4570	457
1990-1999	10 505	1499	8984	898
2000-2009	10 138	1118	9330	933
2010-2016	5271	737	12 691	1813

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全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探

Achievements and Preliminary Analysis on China National Flash Flood Disasters Investigation and Evaluation

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