全国山洪灾害防治县房屋损毁风险评估及原因探究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01575

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (12): 1575-1583.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01575

• 山洪/泥石流灾害风险评价 • 上一篇下一篇

全国山洪灾害防治县房屋损毁风险评估及原因探究

王楠^1,²(), 程维明^1,^3,^*(), 张一驰⁴, 刘东成⁵

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023
4. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
5. 大港油田勘探开发研究院,天津 300280

收稿日期:2017-07-10 修回日期:2017-10-28 出版日期:2017-12-25 发布日期:2017-12-25
通讯作者: 程维明 E-mail:wangnd.17b@igsnrr.ac.cn;chengwm@lreis.ac.cn
作者简介:
作者简介：王楠（1990-）,女,博士生,主要从事流域地形地貌研究。E-mail: wangnd.17b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
基金项目：水科院全国山洪灾害调查评价项目（SHZH-IWHR-57）;特色研究所培育建设服务项目（Y55R0904YZ）;资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室自主创新项目（088RAA04YA）

Reasons and Risk Assessment of Housing Damage in the National Mountain Torrent Disaster Prevention County

WANG Nan^1,²(), CHENG Weiming^1,^3,^*(), ZHANG Yichi⁴, LIU Dongcheng⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
4. Key Laboratory of terrestrial water cycle and surface process, Institute of Geographic and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
5. Institute of Exploration and Development of Dagang Oil Field, Tianjin 300280, China

Received:2017-07-10 Revised:2017-10-28 Online:2017-12-25 Published:2017-12-25
Contact: CHENG Weiming E-mail:wangnd.17b@igsnrr.ac.cn;chengwm@lreis.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国山洪灾害造成的经济损失在各类灾害损失中所占比重日趋增大,其中房屋损毁是造成经济损失和人员伤亡的重要因素。本文以房屋为研究对象,基于全国山洪灾害调查评价提供的数据,分析房屋暴露量的时空分布特征,构建山洪灾害房屋损毁风险评估模型,对房屋损毁风险进行分析及原因探究。结果表明：① 中国山洪灾害防治县以一层住宅为主,占比达50%以上的防治县分布范围大致与中国第二、三阶梯分界线一致;砖混结构仍为迄今为止中国山区农村运用最为广泛的房屋结构类型,其次为砖木结构,再次为钢混结构和其它结构;② 中国山洪灾害防治县房屋脆弱性呈现西北高、东南低的整体空间格局;房屋损毁风险呈现东部高、西部低的空间分布特征,且损毁风险较高的地区呈带状或集聚状态分布。损毁风险很高的地区集中于辽东半岛、山东半岛、海南岛及东南沿海地带,且在燕山-太行山区呈现沿东北-西南方向的条带状分布,损毁风险较高的地区主要分布于太行山区及长江中下游地区;③ 房屋类型对山洪灾害房屋损毁风险贡献度较高的地区主要为山东省、山西省及河北省;山洪强度对房屋损毁风险贡献率较高的地区主要呈3条条带状分布：燕山-太行山分布带、浙闽滨海丘陵分布带、两广滨海分布带。

关键词: 房屋损毁风险, 山洪灾害, 结构类型, 建筑类型, 防治县

Abstract:

The economic losses caused by torrential disaster in China are increasing. Housing damage plays an important role in economic losses and casualties. Based on the data provided by the survey and evaluation of torrent disaster, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution features of house exposure, constructed the damage risk assessment model of torrent disaster, analyzed the causes of housing damage risk and explored the reasons. The results showed that: (1) The houses in China rural area are mainly one-layer building, and distribution of one-layer dominated county is roughly the same with the boundary of the third terrain ladder of China; brick-concrete structure is the main housing structure in mountainous rural areas, followed with brick-wood structure, steel-concrete structure and other structures are the least. (2) Overall, the housing vulnerability is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, while the housing damage risk is high in the east and low in the west. The areas with extremely high damage risk are concentrated in the Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Hainan Island and the Southeastern coastal areas and Yanshan-Taihang Mountains. The areas with high damage risk are banded or agglomerated, which are mainly distributed in the Taihang Mountains and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. (3) The high housing damage risk in Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei province are more relied on housing structure types. The houses with high damage risk which are mainly due to torrent strength are located within three stripes: Yanshan-Taihang Mountains Belt, Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Hilly Belt, Guangdong-Guangxi Coastal Belt.

Key words: housing damage risk, torrent disaster, structure types, building types, prevention county

王楠, 程维明, 张一驰, 刘东成. 全国山洪灾害防治县房屋损毁风险评估及原因探究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(12): 1575-1583.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01575

WANG Nan,CHENG Weiming,ZHANG Yichi,LIU Dongcheng. Reasons and Risk Assessment of Housing Damage in the National Mountain Torrent Disaster Prevention County[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(12): 1575-1583.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01575

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结构类型	定义
钢混结构	指承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的。包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物
砖混结构	指承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土和砖木建造的。如一幢房屋的梁是用钢筋混凝土制成,以砖墙为承重墙,或者梁是用木材建造,柱是用钢筋混凝土建造
砖木结构	指承重的主要构件是用砖、木材建造的。如一幢房屋是木制房架、砖墙、木柱建造
其他结构	指凡不属于上述结构的房屋都归此类。如竹结构、砖拱结构、窑洞

结构类型	建筑类型
结构类型	一层住宅	二层住宅	三层住宅	其他住宅形式
其它结构	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6
砖木结构	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5
砖混结构	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4
钢混结构	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3

全国山洪灾害防治县房屋损毁风险评估及原因探究

Reasons and Risk Assessment of Housing Damage in the National Mountain Torrent Disaster Prevention County

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