黄土区滑坡研究中地形因子的选取与适宜性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01584

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄土高原是中国生态较为脆弱的地区,也是滑坡发育的地层之一。黄土滑坡发育是孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾体等多种因素联合作用的结果,其中作为重要孕灾环境因素的地形因子的选取是黄土滑坡风险研究的基础。本文选取黄土滑坡灾害多发的甘谷县作为研究区,综合利用敏感性指数、确定性系数和相关系数方法进行地形因子在滑坡灾害研究中的适宜性分析,得出以下结论：基于确定性系数法、敏感性分析模型和相关系数法,最终筛选出适宜于本区域滑坡灾害评价的地形因子为：坡度、坡度变率、坡形和地表粗糙度;确定性系数法、敏感性分析模型都基于分析单一因子与滑坡之间的关系进行致灾因子选取,忽视地形因子之间的相关性。实验结果表明,研究区稳定性较差的区域与已发生滑坡灾害分布数量具有较好的对应关系,并深入分析了滑坡与地形因子分级范围的关系,发现地形因子分级范围对地质灾害风险研究具有重要的影响,是导致部分区域的差异性主要原因之一。实地调查发现,河网切割密度及人类工程活动也对研究区危险性具有重要的控制作用,是重要的地形因素。

关键词: 滑坡灾害, 黄土, 地形因子, 模型, 适宜性分析

Abstract:

The region of loess plateau is one of the ecologically fragile areas in China. It is one of the slippery strata of which landslides often developed. The development of the loess landslides is the result of the combined effect of many factors such as the disaster environment, the disaster factor and the disaster bearing body. The selection of topographic factors which are important environmental elements of the disasters is the basis of the study of loess landslide risk. We take Gangu county as the study area, which is one of the frequent occurrence of loess landslide hazards in Gansu province. According to the basic conditions of landform, suitability analysis of topographic factors in the study area was carried out with models of sensitivity index (SI), certainty factor (CF) and correlation coefficient (CC). The following conclusions were obtained: Based on the models of SI, CF and CC, the topographic factors suitable for the loess landslide hazard research of this area are: slope, slope of slope (SS), slope shape and surface roughness (SR). The selection of disaster-inducing factors with the methods of SI and CF is merely based on the analysis of the relationship between the single factor and the landslides. We ignore the correlation between the topographic factors. The experimental results indicated that the area with poor stability in the study area has a good correspondence with the number of landslide hazard distributions. After deeply analyzing the relationship between the landslides and the grade range of the topographic factors, it is found that the grade range of the topographic factors has an important influence on the landslide risk assessment of the study area. This is one of the main reasons of the differences in some areas. Based on field investigation, the river-cutting depth, drainage density and human engineering activities are also important topographic factors and have key control effect on the landslides of this study area.

Key words: landslide hazard, loess, topographic factors, model, suitability analysis

牛全福, 冯尊斌, 党星海, 张映雪, 李月锋. 黄土区滑坡研究中地形因子的选取与适宜性分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(12): 1584-1592.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01584

NIU Quanfu,FENG Zunbin,DANG Xinghai,ZHANG Yingxue,LI Yuefeng. Suitability Analysis of Topographic Factors in Loess Landslide Research[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(12): 1584-1592.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01584

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相关系数	地表起伏度	地表粗糙度	高程变异系数	地表切割深度
地表起伏度	1	0.829	0.957	0.957
地表粗糙度		1	0.808	0.772
高程变异系数			1	0.903
地表切割深度				1

坡度分级/°	面积/km²	面积百分比/%	滑坡/个	滑坡百分比/%	滑坡密度/（个/m²）	敏感性指数	确定性系数
0~10	240.470	29.173	15	11.538	0.624	0.396	-0.604
10~20	337.408	40.933	47	36.154	1.393	0.883	-0.117
20~30	203.028	24.630	53	40.769	2.610	1.655	0.396
30~40	39.047	4.737	12	9.231	3.073	1.949	0.487
40~65	4.368	0.530	3	2.308	6.868	4.355	0.770

坡形分级	面积/km²	面积百分比/%	滑坡/个	滑坡百分比/%	滑坡密度/（个/m²）	敏感性指数	确定性系数
凸坡	77.739	9.431	21	16.15	27.014	1.712	0.416
凹坡	610.038	74.007	86	66.15	14.097	0.894	-0.106
直坡	136.537	16.564	23	17.69	16.845	1.068	0.064

坡度变率	面积/km²	面积百分比/%	滑坡/个	滑坡百分比/%	滑坡密度/（个/m²）	敏感性指数	确定性系数
0~3.2	279.573	33.916	29	22.31	10.373	0.658	-0.342
3.2~7.4	272.118	33.011	36	27.69	13.230	0.839	-0.161
7.4~12.3	164.387	19.942	33	25.38	20.075	1.273	0.214
12.3~19.1	82.139	9.964	17	13.08	20.697	1.313	0.238
19.1~47.9	26.104	3.167	15	11.54	57.463	3.644	0.726

粗糙度	面积/km²	面积百分比/%	滑坡/个	滑坡百分比/%	滑坡密度/（个/m²）	敏感性指数	确定性系数
1.00~1.03	383.884	46.57	34	26.15	0.006	0.562	-0.438
1.03~1.09	281.086	34.10	48	36.92	0.011	1.083	0.076
1.09~1.16	121.180	14.70	34	26.15	0.018	1.779	0.438
1.16~1.31	33.913	4.11	11	8.46	0.02	2.056	0.514
1.31~2.38	4.259	0.52	3	2.31	0.044	4.471	0.776