地球信息科学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 216-224.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00216
陈桂香1,2(), 高灯州1,2, 曾从盛1,2,3,*(
), 王维奇1,2,3
收稿日期:
2016-03-15
修回日期:
2016-06-23
出版日期:
2017-02-28
发布日期:
2017-02-17
作者简介:
作者简介:陈桂香(1991-),女,硕士生,主要从事生态环境研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
CHEN Guixiang1,2(), GAO Dengzhou1,2, ZENG Congsheng1,2,3,*(
), WANG Weiqi2,3
Received:
2016-03-15
Revised:
2016-06-23
Online:
2017-02-28
Published:
2017-02-17
摘要:
研究农田土壤养分空间分布特征及变异规律,分析地形因子对土壤养分空间分布的影响,对土壤养分的有效利用与管理具有重要意义。本文采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,揭示东南丘陵区福州市农田土壤养分(有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)的空间分布特征和变异规律,并进一步探讨土壤养分含量与地形因子(地形起伏度、高程、地形湿度指数、沉积运输指数和坡度)之间的相关性。结果表明:福州市农田有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量范围分别为1.10~89.5 g/kg、 1.00~461 mg/kg、0.300~298 mg/kg、和4.00~399 mg/kg,其变异系数范围为35.3%~99.0%,均属于中等变异水平;区域内耕地土壤养分存在明显的空间丰缺差异,大部分地区有机质和有效磷含量较为丰富,碱解氮含量处于中等偏上水平,速效钾含量相对较低;有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的块金系数分别为32.0%、37.3%、50.0%和50.0%,均呈中等强度空间自相关,表明同时受到结构和随机因素控制;有机质和碱解氮空间自相关尺度较大,且在步长小于0.3 km时,各方向(0°、45°、90°和135°)变化平稳,为各向同性,而有效磷和速效钾变程较小,且各方向变化较复杂,为各向异性。这些结果表明,政府需加强施肥指导,保持氮肥施用量的同时,合理增加钾肥,适当降低有机肥和磷肥施用。此外,在后续调查采样时,样点布设要考虑密度和方向性,适当加密有效磷和速效钾的采样,而有机质和碱解氮采样可以在此基础上适当减少样点。
陈桂香, 高灯州, 曾从盛, 王维奇. 福州市农田土壤养分空间变异特征[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017, 19(2): 216-224.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00216
CHEN Guixiang,GAO Dengzhou,ZENG Congsheng,WANG Weiqi. Characteristics of the Spatial Variation of Soil Nutrients in Farmland of Fuzhou City[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(2): 216-224.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.00216
表2
土壤养分等级指标及分布
指标 | 项目 | 偏低V | 缺乏IV | 中等III | 丰富II | 偏高I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质/(g/kg) | 标准 | <5 | 5~10 | 10~20 | 20~30 | >30 |
比例/% | 1.84 | 3.74 | 10.8 | 33.0 | 50.6 | |
碱解氮/(mg/kg) | 标准 | <50 | 50~100 | 100~150 | 150~200 | >200 |
比例/% | 5.08 | 15.00 | 45.50 | 26.90 | 7.53 | |
有效磷/(mg/kg) | 标准 | <12 | 12-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | >25 |
比例/% | 26.9 | 9.17 | 11.30 | 7.45 | 45.20 | |
速效钾/(mg/kg) | 标准 | <60 | 60~80 | 80~100 | 100~120 | >120 |
比例/% | 52.30 | 15.10 | 9.84 | 6.19 | 16.50 |
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