地球信息科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 1327-1337.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180057
收稿日期:
2018-01-16
修回日期:
2018-06-13
出版日期:
2018-09-25
发布日期:
2018-09-25
通讯作者:
柯长青
E-mail:lihaili@yahoo.com;kecq@nju.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介:李海丽(1993-),女,硕士生,主要从事遥感及其应用研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2018-01-16
Revised:
2018-06-13
Online:
2018-09-25
Published:
2018-09-25
Contact:
KE Changqing
E-mail:lihaili@yahoo.com;kecq@nju.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
北极熊是北极最重要的哺乳动物之一,近年来数量却在减少。海冰作为北极熊狩猎、活动和繁殖的平台,是其栖息地的重要组成部分。因此其种群栖息地变化主要依赖于海冰变化。本文基于美国雪冰中心的海冰密集度和NOAA提供的ETOPO1基岩数据,分析了北极海冰密集度、开阔水域面积、海冰消退时间、海冰出现时间、开阔水域季节长度的年际变化,进而评价北极熊栖息地的稳定性。结果表明,海冰密集度呈现降低的趋势,开阔水域面积增大,多年冰数量减少,大多变为一年冰。海冰消退时间提前,海冰出现时间延后,开阔水域季节长度大幅增加,与1992年相比增加了72 d。19个栖息地中,巴伦支海是开阔水域面积和季节长度变化贡献最大的海域,增加速度分别为9.71×103 km2/a和71.69 d/10a。以开阔水域季节长度变化率为依据,将北极熊栖息地划分为稳定、次稳定和不稳定3个等级。总共有3个稳定栖息地,包括分布在相对其他栖息地而言纬度较低的楚科奇海、西哈得孙湾和南哈得孙湾。13个次稳定栖息地,包括拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、东格陵兰、巴芬湾、戴维斯海峡、福克斯湾、布西亚湾、麦克林托克海峡、梅尔维尔子爵海峡、挪威湾、北波弗特、南波弗特和兰开斯特海峡。3个不稳定栖息地,均位于70°N以北,包括北极盆地、巴伦支海和凯恩盆地。稳定区主要位于低纬度,不稳定区全部位于高纬度。该分级结果表明高纬度地区虽然海冰覆盖多,但是年际变化十分显著,不稳定的3个区域内北极熊对海冰变化适应时间更少,年际迁移变化大,对北极熊的生存发展更为不利。
李海丽, 柯长青. 北极熊栖息地稳定性的遥感评估方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(9): 1327-1337.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180057
LI Haili,KE Changqing. Assessment of Polar Bear Habitats Stability from Remote Sensing[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(9): 1327-1337.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.180057
表1
栖息地中英文对照"
序号 | 英文全称 | 英文简写 | 中文名称 | 序号 | 英文全称 | 英文简写 | 中文名称 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kane Basin | KB | 凯恩盆地 | 11 | Western Hudson Bay | WH | 西哈得孙湾 |
2 | Baffin Bay | BB | 巴芬湾 | 12 | Southern Hudson Bay | SH | 南哈得孙湾 |
3 | Lancaster Sound | LS | 兰开斯特海峡 | 13 | Davis Strait | DS | 戴维斯海峡 |
4 | Norwegian Bay | NW | 挪威湾 | 14 | East Greenland | EG | 东格陵兰 |
5 | Viscount Melville | VM | 梅尔维尔子爵海峡 | 15 | Barents Sea | BS | 巴伦支海 |
6 | Northern Beaufort | NB | 北波弗特 | 16 | Kara Sea | KS | 喀拉海 |
7 | Southern Beaufort | SB | 南波弗特 | 17 | Laptev Sea | LP | 拉普捷夫海 |
8 | M’Clintock Channel | MC | 麦克林托克海峡 | 18 | Chukchi Sea | CS | 楚科奇海 |
9 | Gulf of Boothia | GB | 布西亚湾 | 19 | Arctic Basin | AB | 北极盆地 |
10 | Foxe Basin | FB | 福克斯湾 |
表2
19个北极熊栖息地开阔水域季节长度及变化率"
栖息地 | 均值/d | 标准差/d | 变化率/(d/10a) | 可决系数R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AB | 48.25 | 35.84 | 31.88 | 0.54** |
BB | 163.93 | 32.23 | 24.94 | 0.41** |
BS | 174.79 | 79.52 | 71.69 | 0.55** |
CS | 176.39 | 16.42 | 9.81 | 0.24** |
DS | 202.00 | 23.46 | 14.83 | 0.27** |
EG | 84.14 | 34.56 | 24.74 | 0.35** |
FB | 135.68 | 17.50 | 11.54 | 0.27** |
GB | 40.50 | 25.03 | 13.51 | 0.20* |
KB | 33.75 | 36.88 | 33.84 | 0.57** |
KS | 104.36 | 29.91 | 24.54 | 0.46** |
LP | 70.57 | 25.01 | 14.04 | 0.21* |
LS | 35.54 | 25.55 | 9.66 | 0.10 |
MC | 50.21 | 24.30 | 12.76 | 0.19* |
NB | 95.71 | 26.82 | 14.00 | 0.18* |
NW | 13.29 | 19.61 | 0.74 | 0.00 |
SB | 94.18 | 28.64 | 22.31 | 0.41** |
SH | 152.32 | 16.37 | 7.72 | 0.15* |
VM | 22.00 | 23.57 | 14.64 | 0.26** |
WH | 149.43 | 15.96 | 9.38 | 0.23** |
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