地球信息科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 346-358.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180529
孙立1,2,3(), 王中辉1,2,*(
), 孙立坚3,4, 徐智邦1,2, 朱钰1,2,3, 王镕1,2
收稿日期:
2018-10-19
修回日期:
2018-12-17
出版日期:
2019-03-15
发布日期:
2019-03-15
作者简介:
作者简介:孙立(1995- ),男,甘肃会宁人,硕士生,主要研究方向为空间数据分析与空间资源优化。E-mail:
基金资助:
Li SUN1,2,3(), Zhonghui WANG1,2,*(
), Lijian SUN3,4, Zhibang XU1,2, Yu ZHU1,2,3, Rong WANG1,2
Received:
2018-10-19
Revised:
2018-12-17
Online:
2019-03-15
Published:
2019-03-15
Supported by:
摘要:
提高公安派出所的治安防控能力是解决我国城市治安问题的有效途径之一。本文从公安派出所空间位置优化和警力分配两个角度出发,针对当前公安派出所空间位置布局较为随意及警力资源紧缺的现状,以及多目标优化的需求,结合新兴空间大数据和犯罪数据,进行派出所多目标空间优化研究,包括派出所空间布局的数学期望、量化指标以及多目标空间优化模型,并在相关理论模型的基础上利用犯罪热点和房屋建筑分布的空间异质性开展派出所警力(治安和户籍分类)的空间分配研究。以兰州市中心城区为分析区域开展公安派出所空间位置优化和警力分配实验,结果表明:① 在不增加派出所数量、最大维持原有空间布局的前提下,本文提出的方法能有效降低派出所服务区重叠度(17.2%)和平均响应时间(6.67 s),提高面积覆盖度(12.01%)和需求点覆盖度(7.25%),并有效提高研究区内各区域应急响应时间的公平性(基尼系数由0.382降低到0.268);② 数据分析发现,城市犯罪热点以及房屋建筑空间分布均存在空间分异现象。理解并量化分析空间分异特征,有助于优化派出所治安和户籍警力的配置。
孙立, 王中辉, 孙立坚, 徐智邦, 朱钰, 王镕. 城市派出所空间位置优化及警力分配[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(3): 346-358.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180529
Li SUN, Zhonghui WANG, Lijian SUN, Zhibang XU, Yu ZHU, Rong WANG. Spatial Location Optimization of Urban Police Stations and Police Allocation[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019, 21(3): 346-358.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180529
表1
派出所空间布局目标及量化指标
优化目标 | 对应指标名称 | 公式 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
即时响应 | 平均响应时间(TA) | M为设施点集、N为需求点集;Tij为设施点i到需求点j之间的时间;n为需求点个数 | |
不重叠不疏漏 | 服务区重叠度(OS) | AO为服务区重叠面积;AS为服务区总面积 | |
面积覆盖度(CA) | |||
需求点覆盖度(CN) | N '为被覆盖的需求点数;N为需求点总数 | ||
重点区域重点管控 | 重点区域覆盖度(CP) | P '为被覆盖的重点区域需求点数;P为所有重点区域需求点数 | |
公平分配 | 响应时间基尼系数(GT) | A表示实际洛伦兹曲线与绝对洛伦兹曲线所包围的面积;A+B表示绝对公平线与绝对不公平线之间的面积和 |
表2
各派出所警力分配结果
派出所ID | 治安警力占比/% | 户籍警力占比/% | 派出所ID | 治安警力占比/% | 户籍警力占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.33 | 1.87 | 37 | 3.50 | 8.33 |
2 | 0.04 | 0.64 | 38 | 0.88 | 2.43 |
3 | 5.16 | 2.89 | 39 | 0.62 | 0.96 |
4 | 0.45 | 1.02 | 40 | 1.87 | 4.11 |
5 | 0.82 | 3.89 | 41 | 0.78 | 2.09 |
6 | 4.71 | 2.23 | 42 | 0.88 | 2.43 |
7 | 0.45 | 1.02 | 43 | 0.55 | 1.69 |
8 | 5.16 | 2.89 | 44 | 3.85 | 2.68 |
9 | 0.45 | 1.02 | 45 | 0.88 | 2.43 |
10 | 0.55 | 2.14 | 46 | 0.56 | 1.33 |
11 | 0.97 | 2.07 | 47 | 0.51 | 1.05 |
12 | 2.10 | 1.89 | 48 | 1.87 | 2.18 |
13 | 0.97 | 2.07 | 49 | 0.56 | 1.33 |
14 | 0.55 | 2.14 | 50 | 0.70 | 1.46 |
15 | 0.33 | 1.87 | 51 | 0.86 | 2.27 |
16 | 16.08 | 7.81 | 52 | 0.62 | 0.96 |
17 | 5.45 | 4.95 | 53 | 5.53 | 3.10 |
18 | 1.64 | 2.28 | 54 | 0.51 | 1.05 |
19 | 0.55 | 2.14 | 55 | 3.87 | 1.91 |
20 | 8.07 | 2.71 | 56 | 0.88 | 2.43 |
21 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 57 | 0.45 | 1.36 |
22 | 1.91 | 2.38 | 58 | 0.45 | 1.36 |
23 | 4.17 | 3.35 | 59 | 3.87 | 1.91 |
24 | 8.07 | 2.71 | 60 | 5.06 | 3.26 |
25 | 1.87 | 4.11 | 61 | 0.45 | 1.36 |
26 | 8.07 | 2.71 | 62 | 0.78 | 1.41 |
27 | 4.67 | 2.74 | 63 | 0.66 | 2.41 |
28 | 3.70 | 2.35 | 64 | 0.04 | 0.41 |
29 | 0.62 | 0.96 | 65 | 0.12 | 2.86 |
30 | 4.75 | 2.04 | 66 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
31 | 1.28 | 1.85 | 67 | 0.66 | 2.41 |
32 | 4.75 | 2.04 | 68 | 0.12 | 2.86 |
33 | 0.55 | 1.69 | 69 | 0.02 | 0.84 |
34 | 1.87 | 4.11 | 70 | 0.02 | 0.84 |
35 | 1.28 | 1.85 | 71 | 0.02 | 0.84 |
36 | 0.78 | 2.09 | 72 | 0.02 | 0.84 |
表3
派出所空间位置优化前后各项性能指标对比
优化次数 | 派出所数量 | 平均响应时间/s | 服务区重叠度/% | 面积覆盖度/% | 重要区域覆盖度/% | 需求点覆盖度/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
优化前 | 0 | 72 | 214.60 | 77.03 | 45.23 | 96.15 | 90.58 |
第一阶段 | 1 | 42 | 216.65 | 54.53 | 45.30 | 96.15 | 90.58 |
第二阶段 | 2 | 47 | 215.63 | 54.58 | 49.10 | 97.70 | 93.04 |
3 | 52 | 213.96 | 55.30 | 49.75 | 98.40 | 93.81 | |
第三阶段 | 4 | 57 | 211.05 | 57.04 | 52.51 | 98.67 | 95.84 |
5 | 62 | 209.54 | 56.91 | 55.09 | 98.93 | 96.81 | |
6 | 67 | 208.63 | 58.49 | 56.25 | 99.01 | 97.40 | |
7 | 72 | 207.93 | 59.83 | 57.24 | 99.14 | 97.82 |
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