工程项目地球大数据监测与分析理论框架及研究进展

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.200070

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial information is the foundation of project construction. Surveying and mapping, remote sensing, global positioning system, geographic information system, and other spatial information technologies play an important role in supporting the development of the projects to become higher, larger, and safer. With the rapid development of information collection technology, big data technology has promoted all walks of life to a new level. Massive spatial information is promoting the construction of engineering projects to be more intelligent, more scientific, and more environmentally friendly. In the era of big data, how to use big data technology in the construction of engineering projects has become a new research direction in the field of remote sensing monitoring of engineering projects. At the same time, since the "Belt and Road" initiative was proposed, the rapid development of our country's overseas engineering projects has put forward higher requirements on investment decision-making, construction, and operation management of engineering projects. Big earth data technology can provide new technologies, new methods, and new means for the early planning, feasibility study, design, safety risk assessment, construction, operation management, and supervision of overseas engineering projects. Focusing on the theoretical method system and scientific problems of big data monitoring and analysis of engineering projects, and facing the urgent needs of big data analysis technology in the construction of overseas engineering projects of China, this paper systematically expounds the concept, user needs, research contents, main technical methods, and vision objectives of the monitoring and analysis of big data of engineering projects, with a view to providing guidance for future related research work. On this basis, the research progress of the monitoring and analysis of the big earth data of the engineering project is summarized. The research findings are as follows: (1) with the rapid development of spatial information collection technology, more accurate, timely, and rich spatial information can be obtained in engineering construction than ever before. The new research direction of big data monitoring and analysis of engineering project construction came into being. It can promote the development of engineering project construction to be more intelligent, scientific, and environmentally friendly; (2) there is a great demand for the big earth data technology in all aspects of the project, such as the current situation investigation, planning, project survey and design, construction, operation, and supervision; and (3) the research and application of the big earth data technology in projects construction in China is still at the primary stage of specific technical services, and it is difficult to provide support for the investment decision-making of construction projects, especially related researches of overseas projects are still in its infancy. However, due to problems in the construction of overseas projects of China, such as lack of basic data, low level of overall planning and simulation, weak supervision ability, and high risk of cultural and political gap, there is an urgent need to carry out big earth data monitoring and analysis to improve the scientific level of investment decision-making and reduce the risk of overseas investment.

Key words: one belt and one road, construction project, big earth data, planning and design, risk, supervision, survey and design, remote sensing

WU Mingquan, WANG Biaocai, NIU Zheng, HUANG Wenjiang. Theoretical Framework and Research Progress of Big Earth Data Technology in Projects Construction[J].Journal of Geo-information Science, 2020, 22(7): 1408-1423.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2020.200070

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

The demand of different users for the big earth data monitoring in different engineering construction stages and the research progress in China and abroad"

工程阶段	用户	用户需求	境内进展									境外进展
工程阶段	用户	用户需求	公路	铁路	港口	机场	产业园区	能源	水电站	矿山		公路	铁路	港口	机场	产业园区	能源	水电站	矿山
现状调查与更新	政府部门	目标识别与更新	L3^[10]	L1	L3^[37]	L3^[44,45]	L1	L2^[57]	L1	L3^[74,75]		L2^[85]	L2^[89]	L2^[95]	L1	L2^[97]	L2^[98]	L2^[99]	L2^{[100,101,102]}
整体网络规划	政府部门	基础数据支持	L3^[11]	L3	L3^[38]	L1	L1	L2^[58]	L1	L1		L2^[86,87]	L2^[90]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
整体网络规划	政府部门	项目模拟分析	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L2^[91]		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
单个项目规划	建设单位	基础数据支持	L3	L3	L3	L1	L2^[50]	L1	L2^[64]	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
单个项目规划	建设单位	项目模拟分析	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L2^[65]	L1		L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
项目建议书阶段	编制单位	基础数据支持	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
可行性研究阶段	编制单位	基础数据支持	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
勘察设计阶段	建设单位	选线、选址	L3^[12]	L3^[27,28]	L1	L3^[46]	L1	L2^[59]	L2^[65]	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		地质勘察	L3^[13,14,15]	L3^[29]	L1	L2^[47]	L1	L1	L2^66]	L3^[76]		L1	L3^[92]		L1	L1	L1	L1	L2^[100]	L1
		地理信息产品生产	L3^[5]	L3^[30]	L2^[39]	L3^[48]	L1	L1	L3^[67]	L3^[77]		L3^[88]	L3^[93,94]		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		环境影响预估	L1	L1	L1	L2^[49]	L1	L1	L2^[64]	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		施工场地设计	L2	L2	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
建设准备阶段	建设单位	拆迁与安置	L2	L2	L1	L1	L1	L1	L3^[68]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
工程施工阶段	监理单位投资单位政府部门	工程进度监理	L2^[16]	L1	L3^[40]	L1	L3^[51]	L2^[60]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L3^[96]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		环境影响监理	L3^[17,18,19]	L3^[31]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L3^[78,79]	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		项目核查	L3^[20]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
竣工验收交付使用阶段	投资方	环境评价	L1	L2^[32]	L1	L1	L1	L2^[61]	L2^[69]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
运营维护阶段	运营单位政府部门	土地复垦和生态环境影响监测	L3^[21,22]	L3^[33]	L2^[41]	L1	L3^[52]	L2^[62]	L3^[70]	L3^[80,81]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
	运营单位	地质灾害调查与预警	L3^[23,24]	L3^[34,35]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L3^[71,72]	L3^[82,83]	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		管理：安全防护等	L1	L3^[36]	L1	L1	L2^[53]	L2^[63]	L2^[73]	L2^[84]	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
		设施状况评估	L2^[25]	L1	L1	L1	L3^[54]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
	运营单位政府部门	管理监测系统	L2^[26]	L2	L1	L1	L4^[55,56]	L1	L1	L4^[6]	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1
	政府部门投资单位	社会经济影响评估	L1	L1	L2^[42,43]	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1		L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1	L1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

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