广州市城市规划局设计和运行的城市规划信息管理系统是以实现城市建设和城市管理为主要目标、在功能上要求支持局内各业务处室和事业机构(城建档案馆、交通规划研究所、自动化中心)的日常业务办公和全日对公众开放、提供检索与咨询。这是一个需要建设成能够解决问题的、有权威性的、面向应用的实实在在的系统。

本文从系统的定义出发,简要回顾了地球系统科学产生的背景,地球系统科学研究已经成为地学领域的研究焦点与热点,并带动和加速了地球信息机理、陆地地球系统科学和全球变化的研究。重点分析海岸带在地球系统中所处的特殊位置,并在地球系统科学研究中起着重要作用。最后,介绍海岸带科学前沿—海岸带海陆交互作用(LOCIZ)计划。

The distributed GIS is an efficacious method to share the magnanimity spacial data This paper analysed the characteristics of the spacial data in the GIS,and some key problems in the distributed GIS,and advanced the Programme to solve those problems.

This paper summarizes the application practice and main achievements of satellite remote sensing in coal resource and water resource of coal base, geological hazards investigation and forcasting in coal production? coal spontaneous comfustion monitoring and environment investigation of coal mine? on the basis of analysing information acquisition progress of satellite remote sensing,development of GIS and improvement of muli-data integration,the application prospects are illlustrated.

1999年出版了中国国家自然地图集,它是反映中国自然、社会、历史、经济和文化系列国家地图集的一部分。该图集用中(2500册)英(1000册)文出版。中国国家自然地图集的工作在1956年由周恩来总理直接领导编制的“科学发展十二年规划”中就开始了。于1958年开始图集的设计工作。按设计要求,图集由四卷组成:即普通地图集、自然地图集、历史地图集、经济地图集。1965年出版了中华人民共和国自然地图集。普通地图集没有全部完成,于1969年出版了“中华人民共和国分省地图”。

In this paper, the history of Chinese marine remote sensing research work, which is more than 20 years in three periods, was introduced.The four types of application of information resource, and their related theory and analysis means were review in turn. The accomplishment was emphasized on, also the chance and challenge for our marine remote sensing technique in the future was shown.

Hong Kong has its unique position as one of the important trade centers in the world. Complex physical environment and high-degree urbanization has raised high demands on the satellite remote sensing. This paper used the Landsat TM, SPOT, IRS-1 and COSMOS data to interpret vegetation types and their spatial distribution as well as landuse and its spatial variation. Hong Kong's present vegetation is a result of prolonged human impact. Forest still is the potential natural vegetation, and grassland, shrubland and woodland are extensively distributed. As to land use there exists a big spatial stage and are covered with forest and grass. The Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula are highly urbanized and covered with high buildings and roads.

The paper mainly outlines the recognition method of point marks in color scanning maps and its implemented conception of software model and frame. The method is based on the theory of pattern recognition. On color scanning map, the main features of point marks include color, shape and size. Before mark recognition, the mark pattern base, in which the most important features of patterns are predefined, should be created. The main flux of recognition is described as below:firstly, pixel by pixel and line by line, the color of pixels on maps is matched to the colors of patterns in the pattern base, the objects marked on maps are divided from background. Then, after the edge lines of an object are traced and extracted, the shapes and sizes of the objects, which are the other features of the marks, can be calculated. In the end, these features of the objects are matched to the predefined features of the patterns in the base. If the main features of an object are nearly of alike in a range to those of the patterns in base, this object can be classified into this class of the pattern. Finally, the paper uses the application system of Electricity Information Intensity Mark Recognition as a case to profound the designing and developing method of Mark Recognition on practical case.

从1980年以来.中国城市经济有了很大的发展,人口城市化水平有了较大的提高。然而,经济和工业的快速增长对城市环境产生消极影响,中国众多的人口和快速城市化给环境造成很大压力。

This paper expounds the screened role of cloud and mist over Bohai and East China seas which has reduced the visibility over the above seas. Even if a middle and small scale oceanic information that has been monitored by the NOAA satellites for many years, a little probability has been indicated regardless of spatial or temporal resolution being able to completely acquire the remotely sensing "skylight" information. The author has established the analytic model for information requirement system combined cloud and mist over Bohai and East China seas and their regional characteristics of ocean with the multiband and multitemporal properties of NOAA satellite data and showed that the "skylight" information of remote sensing of the Bohai and East China seas is arranged in the order of probability. Besides, the scientific basis for selecting the best time and its necessity has been treated.

This paper was fowsed tee application of RS and GIS to Environmental comprehensive evaluation in Shenfu-Dongsheng area Using RS as basic information source, the environment comprehensive evaluation system is established, considering the environmental characteristics of this area The system includes ten data layers such as environment pressure burden, environmental problems and environmental potentialities Incorporating expert knowledge administrative level analyses are used for all element weight defining and sequence arrangement Taking GIS as technological support, spatial and temporal change analyses of each topic are carried out Comprehensive evaluation models of environment are established Environmental qualities of the area are objectively evaluated in detail.

笔者在参阅了国家基础地理信息中心对全国河流名称代码的研究报告之后,对南水北调中线工程示意图上99%的河流进行了初步尝试性编码,并对未入选河流的编码方式提出了一些建议。在已有1:400万和1:300万地图建立的1:100万全国水系编码方案条件下,研制1:250万区域性水系编码的过程中,遇到一些新问题,研究提出了解决对策。从方法论角度,可对不同比例尺条件下信息编码方案的扩展、制图综合等普遍问题的解决提供借鉴。

The influence of internet technology on geographical information system and cartography was discussed The author also suggested the directions for the www-based GIS and cartography.

In this paper, the compiling choice, contents and designing characteristics of "the collection of illustrative plates in Chinese famous picturesque scenery" are discussed The focal points of this article are not only in how to show the physical view of Chinese landscape painting through image symbols, but also in how to compile the collection of maps with distinctive tour features through reasonable supplement of figures, words and tables This harmonious collection of maps with figures and words could meet the needs of different tourist in different aspects and different administrative levels.

The approach of detecting forest vegetation changing formation was discussed here with the example of Lushui County of Yunnan Proince. It includes four steps. Firstly,the LANDSAT TM imagery acquired in 1988 was geometrically corrected, and the LANDSAT TM imagery acquired in 1999 was registrated to it. Secondly, NDVI imageries were produced respectively from the LANDSAT TM imageries. Thirdly, the different imagery of NDVI between 1999 and 1988 was formed. Finally, the thresholds of detecting forest vegetation changing information from the different imagery was decided by visual interpreting the false color composite imagery of 1999 and 1988. The forest vegetation changing information was extracted from the different imagery with the thresholds. The cloud and snow information were used to get rid of some false changing information from the forest vegetation changing information. It is shown that forest vegetation changing information can be detecting out by the approach.

A comprehensive survey and analysis of the headwaters of the Lancangjiang River was carried out by using RS, GIS and GPS integration techniquee, and Zha'aqu River was identified as the source of the Lancangjiang by means of interpretation.

可视化和制图学可视化,也称为科学计算可视化(VisualizationinScienticalComputer),最早是1987年在美国自然科学基金会发表的一份报告中提出的。

在进入21世纪信息时代的前夕,人们更加关注集数字化、信息化多源空间信息为一体的地理信息系统。地理信息系统与国计民生关系密切,其应用领域占到所有应用领域的70％～80％,近年来,不少院校、研究所、公司都纷纷加入从事GIS开发、研究、二次开发及应用项目的潮流中,推动了GIS技术迅猛向前发展,更促进了GIS产业的形成。长地公司是GIS大潮中的佼佼者之一。从开发、生产数字化仪起家的长地公司,在十一、二年的发展过程中,已从单一的生产输入设备,变成包括专业数字制图、GIS软硬件销售、GIS二次应用开发、工程承接及GIS培训在内的一条龙服务的专业化GIS公司。

It is extremely important that utilization of GIS in decide-grade and appraisement of town'land,the authores put forward a set of theories and medtods about Land Grade & Price Evaluation Information System,Geographic information system has been widely need in land grading and price evaluation. The author put forward a set of methods on the design and implementation of land grading and evaluation information system. More emphasis was paid to the data stardarization and normalization, completeness of the function modules, visualization.

S technique, Multimedia technique and digital technique, which are the advanced techniques all over the world by now, were adopted in the development of Guilin Electric Sand Table The digital topographic map was used as the key data source to set up the digital elevation model, and the satellite remote sensing images as the covering surface of strero-landscape The Electric Sand Table possesses many new functions, such as 3D-stereo picture can be displayed against 2D-plane map ,the observing position, altitude, direction and angle of view, et c can be regulated arbitarily Furthermore, people can take a simulated flight up the sky following the scheduled arbitrary road to get a bird's-eye view, as if you are on the spot personally Moreover, the Electric Sand Table possesses the functions of drawing the sectional map of topography, calculating the surface area of arbitrary region, calculating the cubic meter of earth & stone and storage of reservoir, et c It breaks through the original conception and function of traditional material sand table.

Map CAD and GIS makes the integration of production system for map compiling?designing?plate making and printing It also shows the superiority of Electronic publishing system (EPS) EPS takes some misconstrue into map designing Map designer should pay more attention to Earth data and digital map.

With the advance of the society and economy,Landuse is changing rapidly.Which results in the difficulties in timely dynamic monitor and updating the information of land use using traditional methods.Therefore,A better method to solve this difficulity.This paper discusses the principles and methods for dynamic monitoring landuse changes and timely updating the database of landuse using the morden spatial information technology,which are called '3S' technology, and provides the system development model and technique system by studying on the application principle about implementing dynamic monitor and updating for land use change by combining RS and GPS. Change data delamination and integrating analysis,object-oriented superposition-updating process and establishing the data fusion index are key technologies.

This paper reviews the achievements, characteristics of methodology and techniques as well as existing problems in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows in the past 20 years in China; points out the urgency in improving methods and techniques in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows and propects new technology in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows.

地理信息系统是一门跨学科的科学技术,近年来在研究、使用的深度和广度上都有突飞猛进的发展,但名词审定工作却未能跟上学科发展,给学术交流和学科发展造成了一定程度的障碍。

积极争取课题立项,认真组织咨询活动 根据国际欧亚科学院及其中国科学中心的宗旨与任务,应该在基础研究与应用基础研究的前沿以及高新技术领域,组织一些关键性问题的深入研究。同时组织针对经济与社会发展方面问题的咨询。从今年开始,拟以国际欧亚科学院中国科学中心的名义申请研究项目。同时,中国科学中心在筹集到较多经费之后,也将自行组织专题研究。如果学校和科研单位有的研究项目需借助外部力量,中国科学中心可以组织国际欧亚科学院院士承担,或以合作形式共同完成。中国科学中心拟于3月中旬召开学部负责人与部分院士座谈会,就申请立项问题提出具体方案和计划。

“数字地球”——一个崭新的名词,把正在沉溺于迎接新世纪到来的人类惊醒。她就像跨世纪的警钟乍响,在人类感到无比震撼的同时,惊醒人类:你知道21世纪的人类星球将会是什么样子?人类能否适应空间时代和信息社会?人类又该以何种姿态去应对自己赖以生存的星球变化?毕业于美国哈福大学政治专业的美国副总统戈尔,1998年1月31日在美国加利福尼亚科学中心发表的一篇《数字地球:对21世纪人类星球的理解》演讲掷地有声。

Along with the development of high technology in which the information and communication technology is its main component. The cartegraphy is facing unprcecedented challenge and chance In the international cartegraphy world there are some development in many new field such as cartegraphy concept, basic theory research, new technology and applications of map In this paper these new trend is discussed detailedly for developing the cartegraphy in P R China.

This paper discussed the application of computer technology to mapping of remote sensing images, by using Barco system. The Barco system can be used to process the remote sensing images.

Electronic map is a concept of dynamic development.The electronic map engineering is foundation and premise to come true its industrialization. Based on the viewpoint of engineering,this paper discusses technological process,production management system and quality certification system in the development and production of electronic map,and points out some noticed problems in the electronic map engingeering.

Spatial heterogeneity is the kernel of quantitative studies of landscape ecology. The quantitative research methods include comprehensive landscape mapping, mathematical models and Geo-informatic Tupu. This paper summarizes contents and indexes of the comprehensive landscape mapping, points out the issues needed to be further studied and emphasized in mathematical models, and believes that the Geo-informatic Tupu is the most comprehensive method for quantitative study of spatial heterogeneity. The Geo-informatic Tupu synthesizes the succinctness of comprehensive landscape mapping and the abstractness of mathematical models. The Geo-informatic Tupu is an outcome of the Chinese traditional research achievements combining with relative modern technologies. Its development process can be divided into three stages that are experiment on landscape mapping, proposition of Tupu concept, and formation of Geo-informatic Tupu Theory. It can be used, by applying a series of multi-dimensional graphic solutions and constructing spatial models, to formulate the current situation, to reconstruct the past and to forecast the future of landscape spatial heterogeneity.