Urban change detection using spectral information alone proves to be unsatisfactory owing to the high spectral variability of the urban area and the similarity between the urban area and the rural area.The addition of the spatial information would improve the accuracy of change detection for urban area.In this paper,a method based on image segmentation was proposed and evaluated for urban change detection with post-classification comparison technique.In this method,a component-based multi-scale multi-spectral gradient algorithm was applied in image segmentation,which was insensitive to noise and could extract the various fineness of the edges;and the combination of segmentation result and pixel-based classification was used to get a better classification result for post-classification comparison.Furthermore,it was also compared with other two methods: one with spectral data alone and the other with the addition of texture features.The results show that the method based on image segmentation provides a significant improvement in overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of urban change detection because it can not only incorporate the spatial information but also avoid the edge effect with the addition of texture.

Researches on the information of seawall and tidal flat have extensive prospect for application in many fields of hydraulic engineering construction,seawall management,tidal flat reclamation,flood fighting and so on.The tidal flat in Shanghai was extracted from the remote sensing images in this paper.After a series of processing procedures on color infrared aerial photographs,the information on the tidal flat was interpreted and analyzed using the method which combines the supervised classification with visual interpretation from the remote sensing images.The classified results were checked and revised based on the field investigation.It has provided an effective technical support for the tidal flat and foreshore department's management,greatly enhancing the accuracy of the data acquisition and the work efficiency.

Ecological sensitivity evaluation has practical significance and scien.tif 95% 93% ic values for territorial ecological environmental rehabilitation.Under the support of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System,we use ETM images of 2004,map of soil distribation characteristics and other related geographic information,and select the soil types,vegetation covering degree and land use status quo as the major evaluation factors.We adopt analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to confirm every factor weight;then we built the evaluation model and evaluate cropping-pastoral interlacing region taking Duerbete County,which is a representative area,as an example.There are three types of ecological sensitivity districts in Duerbete County.It is concluded that the low-grade ecological sensitivity areas are the wetland and lake ecological system,including good status grassland.Its resistibility against natural calamityies is strong.The intermediate ecological sensitivity areas are cropland and grassland complex system.It has some ecological recreative ability.The high ecological sensitivity areas are sand,cropland,sand,grassland and the salina ecological system,whose self-adjustive ability is weak with poor relative stability.The study shows that Remote Sensing for data collection and Geographic Information System for spatial analysis are two important tools in the ecological sensitivity evaluation practice.The result is reasonable and credible and can support ecological rehabilitation.

Slope Spectrum is a new method in geomorphologic research in the Loess Plateau.It can be used to describe not only the spatial variation of loess landform features,but also the rules and the development process of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.The uncertainty is inherent law of the Slope Spectrum,which directly restricts the application of the Slope Spectrum.The concept and influencing factors of the uncertainty of Slope Spectrum are investigated with the theory and methodology of the geo-information.The Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi province is taken as a research area.More attentions are paid to the investigation of the key factors affecting the uncertainty of Slope Spectrum,such as scale effect of terrain description based on DEM,classification method,description and modeling and sample area of the slope spectrum.The critical area in which the slope spectrum can exist stably is not only the foundation of extraction corrected slope spectrum,but also the reflection of the comparability of topographic feature between the local and globe.

The InSAR system based on formation-flying satellites is a multi-radar system,which depends on the satellites formation to form the baselines needed by the interferometry.For this system,time synchronization,phase synchronization and space synchronization should be established by the cooperated radars with each other.The precision of three synchronizations will influence the systematic function and performance of the InSAR system.The error of phase synchronization among the three synchronizations will affect the phase error of SAR SLC image directly,and influence the elevation measurement precision sequentially.In this paper,the requirements on phase synchronization are analysed based on the need of the SAR imaging under the condition of formation-flying satellites,the influences on the elevation measurement precision due to the loss of phase synchronization are also given.The results show that the requirements on phase synchronization include two facets,firstly,the carrier frequencys of master/slave radars should keep certain relationship within synthetic aperture to assure the SAR imaging to be done successfully,and the carrier frequency difference must be restricted to a determinate range which depends on different slant range resolutions.Secondly,the phase synchronization error can not overrun a limit which is requested by elevation accuracy demand during the whole interferometric data acquirement time.

Different remote sensing images have their own virtues and limits;and image fusion is designed for completely using their virtues to compose new images.Three methods-PCA,Brovey and wavelet transform are used to fuse the SPOT multispectral data and the panchromatic data on the pixel-level.The wavelet transform used the Mallat's algorithm and biorthogonal wavelet function,the virtue of the latter is that the function will not distort the image when the reverse wavelet transform is performed.The fusion results are evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively in the aspects of spectral and spatial quality;the results show that the best method of the three is wavelet transform.The wavelet transform method makes the fusion image preserve both the spatial quality of the pan image and spectral quality of the multispectral image,while the other two methods make the fusion images to distort the spectral quality of the multispectral image.At the same time,the influences of different wavelet functions used in the Mallat's algorithm on the related fusion image are compared.Different wavelet functions result in differences in reserving the spectral and spatial quality of the fusion image.If we use the biorthogonal wavelet transform to fuse image,we can select the proper wavelet basis function for the practical demand(the compromise between high spatial detail and high spectral quality preserve).

Atmospheric downward radiance effect should be considered in the retrieving surface temperature and validation of thermal infrared bands data.In the field of thermal infrared remote sensing the computation of the effect is often simplified under two assumptions: one is the Lambertian reflection of the surface;another is the isotropic downward thermal radiance of atmosphere.The simplified computation method of atmosphere downward radiance has been researched,and the effect of Lambertian reflection assumption on the atmosphere downward radiance effect and at-pupil radiance of remote sensing sensors has been analyzed in the theory.Then atmosphere profiles and land surface temperature of a year were input to MODTRAN4 to calculate the atmospheric downward radiance effect and analyze the utmost error caused by two assumptions in erlianhaote region of Inner Mongolia of China.The result showed:(1) the error was up to 4 degree if the atmospheric downward radiance effect was ignored for such an inner land region as erlianhaote and the proportion of the effect would increase with the increase of satellite view angle.(2)The assumption of the isotropic downward thermal radiance of atmosphere was not appropriate and we can choose the downward radiance in an optimal angle to be equal to the average of hemispheroidal downward radiance.And the optimal angle was 57° for erlianhaote.(3)The assumption of Lambertian reflection of the surface was appropriate for calculating downward radiance effect.

Based on mathematical morphology methods,two main algorithms were developed,such as multi-weighted combination filter algorithm with omnidirection structure elements and edge detection algorithm with multi-scale omnidirectional structure elements.By tracing the image edge,both raster and vector data objects were generated,and geometrical features extracting model was built.Results suggest that: the purposed algorithms can successfully process remote sensing images with high-spatial-resolution.The former suppresses noise and preserves details effectively;the latter resolves the contradictions between noise suppression and extraction of fine edge excellently,and anti-noise performance is strong.The extracted geometrical features information can be used in object recognition and classification of remote sensing image with its spectrums,texture,and statistics features.The extracted information can be used in the fields of GIS,photographic surveying,computer vision and the industries of meteorology,agriculture and forest,ocean,hydropower,land resources,and environmental protection.

Along with the multi-scale digital elevation model (DEM) accomplished in China,the DEM-based spatial analysis plays an increasingly important role in GIS research,and the DEM-based spatial analysis needs high resolution data,which means the increasing demand for density computing.Computational grids can solve the high density computing demand for DEM analysis that involved enormous amounts of data.We demonstrated the feasibility of DEM analysis tools and completed the prototype of the system based on computational grids and designed system architecture based on Alchemi,which is a computational grids framework.The DEM analysis tools can be divided into DEM analysis server,computational grids nodes and spatial database server in architecture.The DEM analysis tools can be implemented in API,grids,spatial analysis and application layers.The Parallel algorithm of the tools is based on the principle of procedure decomposition,functional decomposition and data decomposition.A separate spatial database server is designed as a spatial data server to avoid huge decline in efficiency caused by the mass data transfer in distributed computing grid.The efficiency of computational grids is tested by slope factor calculation based on the prototype system of DEM analysis tools.Experiments show that the efficiency of DEM analysis for big dataset can be significantly enhanced by computational grids,but for small dataset,the efficiency is not significant.The results confirm the feasibility of the application of computational grids to DEM spatial analysis for enormous amounts of data.

全国性自然环境系列地图挂图不仅可以为中学和大专院校提供地理教学之用,而且也为政府机关和研究单位以及广大读者了解全国自然条件与自然环境提供形象直观的图形显示。国外对编制与出版全国性自然环境系列地图挂图非常重视,有些国家还编制出版了多种中小比例尺的全国自然环境系列地图。例如早从20世纪50年代开始,前苏联先后编制出版了1∶500万、1∶400万、1∶1000万和1∶250万苏联自然条件系列挂图,包括地势、地质、地貌、土壤、植被、森林等六幅地图。波兰于20世纪70年代编制出版了1∶20万波兰环境系列地图。澳大利亚、法国、德国、美国、日本、匈牙利、西班牙等许多国家也都出版了自然条件或自然环境系列挂图。

Grassland is a main land type in the study area,the status and trends of its degradation become a major issue of the ecological construction in China,and have been raised to the level of the needs for national ecological economic strategy.Many studies showed that grassland ecosystem degradation is,in the succession process of the climate-land cover-human activities,an indication of out of balance.Grassland degradation will lead to a series of environmental problems such as lower grassland production,land desertification,loss of biodiversity,soil degradation,loss of carbon sinks.Study areas located in the south of the head of Yangtze river.The total area is about 34 069.31km²,mainly covered by grassland(71.49%) and swamp(10.11%).The low and moderate covered grassland is 71.16% of the total grassland area.The increasing destruction of the land in this area have been kept increasing the risk of environmental degradation.Based on the TM/ETM in 1977,1990 and 2004,geographical map(1∶100 000),grassland map(1∶1000 000),and field data,the authors extract grassland degradation distribution characteristics.The Arcgis 9.1 software was used to convert data types and do the overlay.reclassification,and zonal statistic analysis.Results show that grassland degradation is the most important land cover change in the study area,which occupied 11.84% of the whole region in the former phase and 21.54% in the later phase.The areas of degraded grassland are more in the later phase than in the former phase.Grassland in the former phase became better in some regions because of the climate and glacier ablation.The degraded grassland mainly occurs in the low altitude with relatively higher population density.

Based on the fire pixels brightness temperatures characteristics and their difference with background,the fire-points from crop burning were picked up by fire detection algorithm with MODIS 1B data for the North China Plain.The fire-points from crop burning detection algorithm uses the neighboring pixels to estimate the radiometric signal of the potential fire pixel.The brightness temperatures were derived from the 4-and 11-μm channels.Together with geographic data and fire information,the fire distribution map of the North China Plain was got with the MODIS 1,4 and 3 bands reflectance product.The intersect operation was used to count number of fire-points from crop residues burning in North China Plain on Jun.17th and Jun.18th of 2007 with ArcGIS.The results show that the fire-points from crop residues can be found for these two days,and most of the fire-points were detected in Henan and Hebei provinces;and the number of fire-points has an increasing trend in Henan and Shandong provinces.Remote sensing can be used to detect the fire-points from crop residues burning at regional scale.It will improve the efficiency of prohibiting crop residues burning.

To extract roads from remote sensing imagery is one of the important parts in constructing and updating geo-database.Making full use of spatial information and structure texture feature of high resolution imagery,roads extraction is realized basing on object-oriented method.Firstly,mean objects are got using image segmentation.Then we build the relations between imagery and objects by spatial information in high resolution imagery.After that choosing several features such as spectrum,geometrics and texture,we construct knowledge database for road objects.It seems that the result has a better accuracy than traditional maximum likelihood based on spectrum information.It supplies a new way for roads extraction.

48 different landform areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi province were selected as test areas with the objective of investigating spatial distribution and scale effect of the slope spectrum’s information entropy (SSIE) based on DEMs. Experimental results show that the SSIE can reflect the terrain complexity to a certain extent. There exits a good power function relation between SSIE and gully density: gully density increases with the increase of SSIE. Spatial distribution of SSIE and loess landform are correlative and the SSIE can be taken as a discriminate factor to identify loess landform.

A spatial decision support model is built to facilitate and optimize agricultural planning for high quality prime farmlands. These high quality cultivable lands are critical for food supply in China. In recent years, these lands have experienced a rapid decline due to the demand of socio-economic development. In order to protect these lands, an effective and reasonable agricultural plan is necessary to balance between the security of food supply and the demand of economic growth. A spatial decision support model is used to assist this planning process. The planning process is divided into three segments: ① assessment of the quality of present lands, ②identification of planning scenarios for the best use of farmlands, ③final design for farmland planning. The first segment is completed using methods of group analytical hierarchy process and spatial overlay analysis. For the second segment, several planning scenarios are generated using an integer programming model based on the assessment of land quality. The third segment is completed using non-deterministic decision methods to evaluate each scenario and determine the optimum design. The final plan is evaluated by comparing land use practices with the models, which are proved to be successful and effective in land use planning and decision support in recent decades.

The remote sensing image can objectively reflect the characteristics of shape, structure and spatial relationship of the ground objects and enable us to get a macroscopic view of them. But the three-dimensional space cannot be reflected by two-dimensional plane. Sailipu will be taken as an example. The three-dimensional model of Sailipu is created by integrating image with Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The model describes the topographic characteristics of Sailipu truly and effectively.

There are lots of geo-analysis model resources in the Web.However,the heterogeneity of these existing models has limited their sharing and reuse.Though the mature network technology can provide strong support to the sharing and reuse of the heterogeneous geo-analysis models,the study of geo-analysis models is relatively stagnant.On one hand,the standard of the metadata for models still hasn't formed.On the other hand,the semantic heterogeneity exists in spite of following an united standard.In order to meet the needs of the development of heterogeneous geo-analysis models,this paper proposes a method to standardize and formalize the existed heterogeneous geo-analysis models.Firstly,based on the status of the metadata for the geo-analysis models, this paper designs a standard framework of metadata for the geo-analysis models and makes use of XML Schema to describe this standard framework,which satisfies the standardization in the syntactic and structural level.The standard framework is comprised of section,compound element and data element.The data element is the basic unit to build the framework,and it can be described by several attributes.The compound element is made up of the data elements and the other compound elements.The section is the aggregation of related compound elements and data elements.Secondly,it presents a semantic mapping model on the basis of ontology because of the limitation of XML Schema in semantics.XML Schema is good at describing the structure of the XML document,while ontology places emphasis on the expression of semantic information.The domain ontology includes the concepts of the domain and the relations between the concepts,which are called the sharing ontology in this paper.For metadata for geo-analysis models,the local ontology will be built according to the sharing ontology.At the same time,the different words in the two metadata documents which in fact express the same concept will be identified through respective local ontology.This model applies ontology to express the formalization of metadata for geo-analysis models,which eliminates the semantic heterogeneity between metadata for models.Finally,the paper takes the application "Sharing Portal of Geo-analysis Model" as an instance to validate the method mentioned above.The application realizes the architecture of standardization and formalization of heterogeneous geo-analysis models and proves this architecture is helpful to share and reuse the heterogeneous geo-analysis models.

1特大地震龙门山断裂带位于青藏高原与四川盆地之间,长约500km,宽约70km。走向北东-西南,可分为三组:东南为都江堰-和县断裂;西北为理县断裂,中间为映秀-北川断裂,属逆冲、右旋、挤压型断裂,主震之后,应力传播和释放过程比较缓慢,导致余震强度较大,持续时间较长。龙门山属强地震带,自1169年以来,共发生破坏性地震25次,其中里氏6级地震18次。

The InSAR technique has become one of the important tools to measure small surface deformation.In Wuan region of Hebei province,surface deformation occurs to different degrees due to mining activity,causing more geologic disasters.It is necessary to determine the scope and extent of surface subsidence and analyze the changing trend for working out actual resolved plan.In this paper,many pairs SAR data,Jers-1 and ENVISAT SAR data from 1992,were used in InSAR processing.The best SAR pairs were selected and feasible technique plan was determined and the different D-InSAR images were obtained according to the time and baseline of SAR pairs.Finally,the scope and extent information at different periods were acquired.Besides,taking Huilan village as a example shows the mineral area subsidence evolvement procedure.The process flow and key step of InSAR technique are summarized by the application of Wuan subsidence measurement.In the end,the result of InSAR application is evaluated.

The Three Gorges Dam Area was chosen as the study area in this paper.The destruction of the project on vegetation in the ecosystem is obvious,especially near the riparian zone.The vegetation fraction was calculated based on NDVI.Resorting to the comparisons of vegetation coverage in buffer areas along the dam area among three different phase remote sensing images of 1978,1999 and 2006,we detected the dynamic vegetation changes before and after impoundment in September and analyzed the distribution of vegetation cover of each year as well as the areal changes through grade analysis.A nonparametric two-sided t-test,Wilcoxon rank sum test,was used to evaluate significant differences between vegetation changes in different land use types between 1978 and 1999,1999 and 2006,and 1978 and 2006.The results showed the changes are significant.The research concluded that there was a high degree of vegetation damage between 1978 and 1999,the withal drop of vegetation cover area by 3.31km²,but between 1999 and 2006,in the case of 8km² being inundeted,the area of vegetation cover only dropped by 1.57km²,indicating an evident vegetation restoration.On the whole,during the nearly 30 years,the vegetation cover hes shown an increasing trend.

This paper analyzes and discusses the fused image which is the result of the fusion of ENVISAT ASAR and CBERS-02 CCD image data.Comparison of the three techniques of IHS transform fusion,principal components analysis fusion and wavelet transform fusion applied suggested that resolution merge of IHS transform method can get much better result,according to the visual interpretation of the resultant image.However,spatial resolution was attenuated in order to reduce the effect of speckle from the ASAR image.For the fusion image,which contains backscattering behavior from both VV polarization and HH polarization,and contains spectral information from the optical CCD data,it improves visual interpretation of the image and can be used for crop mapping with high mapping accuracy in the case discussed in this paper.

Non-point source pollution is a major cause for water pollution.Sediment is a type of pollutants and the carrier of nutrient,so predicting soil erosion would provide exact information for making environmental planning and taking measures.The GIS software including Arc/Info,Mapinfo and the RS software PCI Geomatica made up the technology platform for the research,on which spatial database and non-spatial database were built,hydrological processes simulation and watershed subdividing were performed.Reasonable methods were adopted to obtain R,L,S,K,C and P factors values.Soil erosion was predicted and risk areas of soil erosion were identified in Dongzhen Watershed.According to the analysis on the affecting factors of SDR,founding on former equation,this paper added hydrological factor to SDR equation and built a SDR equation for Dongzhen reservoir watershed,which included underlying surface factor and hydrological factor.Finally,calculating results of soil erosion quantity were proved credibly by using SDR equation for Dongzhen Watershed and monitoring data of sediment.Results showed annual average soil erosion amount was 916.32 t/km2,falling in to the category of light-grade erosion.The gentle and light-grade erosion area amounted to 93.82%;other grades occupied only 6.18%,but contributed 45.21% of sediments to the watershed.

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology,remotely sensed data are playing more and more significant role in many fields,such as urban planning,geoscience,digital earth etc.However,facing the expansion of data amount and enlargement of application fields,many scientists began to research on spatial metadata so as to manage,store,update and reuse the obtained data efficiently.Therefore,it is necessary to design a metadata system for the description of remotely sensed data and related resources including ground measurements,application models,and related knowledge about sensors and platforms,which can meet the needs of users to understand and use the data correctly and conveniently.In this paper,we designed a metadata system for exchange and sharing of remote sensing information and knowledge based on related international and domestic metadata standards.The system integrates the remotely sensed data,ground measurements,application models,and related knowledge about sensors and platforms into a unified and standard form which promotes the exchange and sharing of remotely sensed information and knowledge at metadata level.

As high-resolution remote sensing satellites come into being,it is hard to get good fusion results using original image fusion techniques.For example,the Principal Component Analysis(PCA) image fusion method is sensitive to the noise and limited to the fusion region.The traditional wavelet transformation fusion also causes spectrum information distortion to some extent,considering the effects of noise to the fusion image.Therefore,a′ Trous wavelet and PCA transform integrated remote sensing fusion method is studied where Quickbird multi-spectral image and panchromatic image are used in this article.The result demonstrated that it is better than other fusion methods by visual and quantitative analysis.

It's a good mode and trend for customer service center of banking to use WebGIS based technologies to provide positional information services.Design methods of system architecture and functions of customer service system of banking based on WebGIS are proposed in this paper.A system instance is presented with functions of basic map operations,editing and maintenance bank information,complete query functions and statistical analysis.The system is powered by SuperMap IS.NET which is a technologically advanced WebGIS development platform to provide positional services.SuperMap IS.NET has characteristics of manipulating large data,integrating multi-source data and clustering servers.Besides this,it has strategy and technique of multi-process and multi-threading,and provides multi-level cache mode,which increases systematic customer concurrent access capacity,and shortens the average response time of the system.So the customer service system of banking based on SuperMap IS.NET can respond quickly to the client requests.In comparison with the old mode that service personnel provide location service to customers by memory and looking up paper maps,using this system can improve service efficiency and quality.In addition,the system can record all the query information such as where customers are located,which bank outlets are intended to.This information can be used for statistical analysis to find out whether the distribution of the bank outlets is sensible,or to aid in decision making for a new bank location.

With the fast development of aviation and space technology,remote sensing technology became irreplaceable and advanced means in the fields of global changing and population-resources-environment.Utilizing the satellites data,it is possible to draw water information and macroscopic monitored water resource,assess the range of flood,monitor dynamic change of wetland resource and monitor the changes of coastline,which got extensive studies and applications during the last decades.The macroscopic studies of water are closely related to the accurately drawn range and boundary line of water information,which are especially important in the research of monitoring coastline change and flood.The study of the extraction of water information from satellite data has been further investigated by many scholars in the past.The most common methods are spectrum classifier(maximum likelihood classifier is most extensive),normalized difference water index(NDWI),ratio classifier and so on.However,how to overcome the interference of the shade has always been a difficult problem in the terrestrial water body information extraction.Such as maximum likelihood classifier,which was a traditional statistics categorised method,took all massif shade as lake information.Through experiment,Professor Xu found that the result,using NDWI index to extract water information,contained a lot of city building information,so he believed that the NDWI index was not suitable for extracting water information in the range of the constructed urban areas.The paper analyzed the spectrum characteristic of the water body and several other main surface features based on Yang Cunjian's viewpoint of water having characteristics of TM₂ +TM₃>TM₄+TM₅ in TM imagery.It found that water body,residential area and the shadow of mountains all have the characteristic of TM₂+TM₃>TM₄+TM₅,but the ratio of(TM₂ +TM₃)/(TM₄+TM₅) differs greatly between them,so it was easy to separate water body from all other surface complement only by assisting suitable threshold value(for example,the suitable threshold value of water body is(TM₂+TM₃)/(TM₄+TM₅)>2.0).And the experiment on TM imagery of Fuzhou city which including different types of water bodies was carried out and the result indicated that it can effectively distinguish water information from residents's shade or Massif shade.This method emphasized the spectrum difference law among all parts of the background features,it simplified the analytic process among the complicated tables and had reduced analytic difficulty among the tables,so it was a fast,simple and accurate water information extraction technology.It can be used to extract water information from landsate TM not only in the region containing Massif shade but also in the urban built-up land.

In this paper,Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and MODIS Land Surface Temperature（Ts） product data MOD11_L2 were used to construct the Ts-EVI space,from which the Temperature Vegetation Drought Index（TVDI） was obtained as drought index to monitor drought in Sanhuajian area of the Yellow River on Mar.8th,Apr 2 nd.,Apr.13th and Jun.12th in 2002.Data from weather station and apparent thermal inertia（ATI） were also obtained to evaluate TVDI.A relationship（R2=0.734 5） was also obtained between TVDI and ATI.Land-use type and elevation were also studied.The results indicated that both of them were important influencing factors,different land use types had different distributions of TVDI,and the relationship between the height above 250m and TVDI was obvious.It was feasible to monitor the drought dynamic variations in semiarid area with complex terrain by using TVDI.

Along with the widespread application of radioactive substance in the domains of industry,agriculture,medicine,resources,environment,military and so on,universal concern has been put on the problem of radioactive resource pollution.Therefore,the environmental protection departments need an effective tool for supervising and managing the radioactive resource of the area.Based on the technologies such as Remote Sensing(RS),Geographical Information System(GIS),Globe Positioning System(GPS),Database and Communication,this research developed an application system for radioactive resource supervising and management,including both an enterprise edition and a government edition.The central system is located in the information center of environmental protection bureau,and the subsystems are located in the radiation department of environmental protection bureau and other related departments,inform a graded and distributed computer network communication and management system.The system can achieve the functions such as radioactive sources location and video monitoring and alarming,radioactive resources′ information management,map management,spatial analysis,system tools.The system has already been used in Jiaozuo Environmental Protection Bureau,and the successful application there indicates that the system which integrated spatial information can meet the needs of radioactive sources management nowadays and supply a more effective and reliable technology solution for radioactive resources monitoring and management.At the same time,this project can enhance the processing ability of emergency,and play an important role for protecting civil health and social stability.

In order to improve eye-interpretation effect of multi-spectral images of Landsat series,an integrated technique based on IHS and wavelet transformation is proposed in this paper.For increasing relativity and decreasing spectral deviation,firstly,under the developing environment of Matlab,the intensity component of multi-spectral image and the panchromatic image histogram match each other,and then decompose respectively using wavelet,finally fuse images by special rules.Among the rules,the most important thing is the choice of wavelet bases,wavelet decomposed layers and wavelet coefficients.In order to choose the best parameters,the author carries out repeated experiments using assessment parameters: mean value,standard deviation,average gradient,correlation coefficient and spectral distortion.Compared with other parameters,wavelet base of coif5 made better fusing result in this paper.Therefore,parameters are fixed on coif5 and decomposed of three layers,and reconstructed coefficients based on regional standard difference.The experiment indicates that the proposed method is much better than single transform of IHS or wavelet.Observed from the fused image,the lines and details of road,river,farm and forest are improved obviously.At the same time,the higher correlation coefficient and the lower spectral distortion show that spectral information is kept down well.The experiment through fused ETM+ multi-spectral and panchromatic images verified the method of the author proposed is feasible,the result is not only improved obviously in spatial resolution,but also preserves multi-spectral information effectively.

近10年来,地球信息科学技术取得了很大的发展,尤其在战略层面上成绩格外突出,主要表现在两个方面:在技术方面,从原来的“e”战略向“u”战略转变;在应用方面,从原来的调查、监测向模拟实验转变,从原来的环境变化模拟(如地球模拟器)到一个国家、一个地区、一个城市的宏观经济模拟分析(如宏观经济模拟器)转变,不仅直接为全球环境变化服务,而且也可以直接为经济建设服务,这是当前的大趋势,现在分别简介如下:1从“e”战略向“u”战略转变的大趋势从技术发展战略层面来看,由目前的“e”战略向未来的“u”战略转变,即由“信息化”向“智能化”战略或“无处不在的网络”战略转变,并成为推动经济社会发展的主要动力,已成当前信息化发展的大趋势。