Urban land-use change is a complex dynamic and spatio-temporal process and how to simulate this process is a key problem in the research field and Cellular Automata Model has obvious superiority.In this study,a TM image in 1988 and two ASTER images in 2001 and 2004 respectively of Fuzhou city were used to extract the urban land-use information of the research area and Cellular Automata Model was used to simulate the change of urban land-use in the following 20 years from 2001 and the precision was tested by the ASTER image in 2004.The result shows that urban land-use will expand at a speed of 7km²/y and the leading direction of development will be the Nantai island with rural urbanization as the other key factor,at the same time the urban green area will shrink.

In order to solve the problems occurred in the existing Marine Information Management System,one combined system structure-B/S and C/S based on .NET technology-was introduced,and a new base framework of the Marine Information Management System was also put forward. Because of the marine information,which was characterized by its abundance,hugeness and complexity,the method for those information management was studied and implemented. Finally,a new Marine Management System based on the ArcGIS Server technology was brought out successfully,the automation and digitization for the marine information management was carried out throughout Fujian Province.

As an important component of input data, soil information directly impacts the accuracy of the simulation of hydrologic model. Sensitivity of SWAT model to detailed soil information was investigated through comparison of the simulated stream flow produced by using SSURGO and SoLIM as different soil input data. A case study was conducted in Brewery Creek, a 19.5km² area catchment in Dane County, Wisconsin. The simulation results before and after model calibration both indicate that there is only slight difference between the simulated streamflow. This study reveals the weak sensitivity of SWAT model to detailed soil information in the hydrological modeling of a small watershed. The main reason for lack of insignificant difference is that soil information was highly aggregated in the model and that the use of Curve Number as means for representing soil variability in the model also muted the impact of detailed spatial information.

The process and characteristics of urban expansion are analyzed using fractal dimension and compactness based spatial morphologic measurement coupled with land use change survey. The Tianjin city is selected as a study case with nine Landsat TM images abstracted in 26 years. The results showed that there are two terms of high speed urban expansions in this period. The latter one expanded fast than the former one but its morphologic metrics change speed was lower than that of the former. This means the latter term was more rational and regular. The metrics of urban morphology and urban land use are compulsory to each other which can be used to satisfactorily describe the process and characteristics of urban expansion.

The research of Spatial Decision Support System is an important branch of modern GIS.This paper analyzes some problems facing SDSS today by introducing grid technology and open grid services architecture into SDSS,puts forward the architecture of a grid service-based SDSS,then describes the functions and logics of all parts of the architecture in detail,and discusses the running process of the architecture by taking the application to the hurricane surge field as a case.Finally,it identifies the advantages of the grid service-based SDSS.

This paper firstly depicts the necessity of the cyclic economy from the background of Cyclic Economy,then introduces the spatio-temporal characteristic of the object in the cyclic system,spatio-temporal flow characteristic of information and the increase and decrease of entropy,and selects a characteristic scientific demonstration district as its support to demonstrate the advantages of information flow used in this district.Lastly,the penman expounds his opinion about the effect of information technology in the course of cyclic economy development and the trend of cyclic economy.

Based on Digital Line Graphic(contour,scale:1/100 000) ,firstly,the authors produce DEM(Digital Elevation Model,30×30m ) of Fujian Province by GIS special interpolation technology under the environment of ARC/INFO software.Secondly,under the environment of hydrologic model of ARC/INFO software,through DEM pretreatment,flow direction analysis,flow accumulation analysis and watershed recognization,1 435 small watersheds are extracted.The result of the study shows:In the mountain area,the watershed boundary line is almost identical to the ridge line,but in the flat country,the result is less satisfactory because of DEM precision,devious coastline and bitty bay,the watershed boundary line needs revising artificially further.The fast extraction of the watersheds based on DEM saves manpower and material resources greatly,which is feasible according to efficiency and precision.With constant improvement of the precision of DEM,this method will lay solid foundation for the quick analysis of spatial combination characteristics of various physical geographic elements within the range of watersheds in the whole province,data management of observation stations synthetically,and the visual browse,inquiry,statistics and hydrology of model analysis,which will promote the implementation of eco-environment managements,such as eco-environmental protection,eco-environment con-struction,etc.

GML(Geographic Markup Language) is gradually accepted and widely used as an encoding,storage and exchange format for spatial information,and it offers a powful tool for implementing spatial information sharing and WebGIS development. As a graphic file format standard in the network era,SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) represents graphic transmission development direction on the web,which integrates vector graphic,bitmap image and plain text merits and is naturally compatible with the network environment,so study on GML and SVG-based WebGIS and its application will have extensive practicality and application value. In this paper,GML and SVG are discussed firstly,especially in the role of open WebGIS,then an open WebGIS architecture is put forward which uses GML to store and integrate geographic information and using SVG to implement web display and operation for geographic information. Finally,taking a campus map issuing system as an example,an open WebGIS application system is set up and discussed.

Based on the historic literatures and remotely sensed images, this paper studies the spatial-temporal characteristics of Guangzhou city's spatial morphologic evolution in recent one hundred years, and summarizes the historic characteristics and the laws of urban development since the formation of Guangzhou, especially the period since the implementation of reform and open policies. On the whole, Guangzhou experienced two major stages, i.e., traditional urban development period before 1923 and modern urbanization development period from 1923 to 2004, covering several sub-periods of stabilization period and fast development period. The total increased built-up area of the city from 1979 to 2004 is 385.56 km², an expansion of 3.46 times, and the average expansion rate is about 15.43 km² per year. Many factors have contributed to the urban spatial morphologic evolution. But four major driving forces, i.e., economic development, institution and policy change, city planning and transportation system are the most important factors. Physiographic environment is the base of the city expansion;economic development is the inherent impetus for the evolution of the spatial morphology, and city planning plays a vital guiding role to the construction and development.

The purpose of intelligent GIS is to realize the natural language interaction between GIS and users.Two main problems of intelligent GIS are how to automatically extract spatial information from natural language and how to bridge the semantic gap between unstructured spatial information in natural language and structured spatial information in GIS.The previous research focuses on natural-language spatial relations.One of its basic tasks is to explore spatial terms and syntactic patterns in natural language.In this paper,the basic problems of natural-language spatial relations are described,and then Chinese spatial terms and syntactic patterns are discussed in detail.Finally, a few syntactic patterns are presented for query representation of natural-language spatial relations in GIS.

The implementation of circular economy is the important guarantee for the realization of the sustainable development.Based on the research results of regional sustainable development decision support system,this paper combines with the technique of spatial data mining and puts forward the design of regional circular economy framework.The application of SDM on regional circular economy is also mentioned.

Based on the conceptive model,a method of vision geographic modeling relevant to the virtual geographic environment was introduced.Utilized Object Oriented Programming,an extensible framework of vision geographic modeling was constructed.Moreover,the key techniques which were used to perform the visual geographic modeling were displayed as well.All these applications show that the framework is both extensible and adaptable,which not only supports the compound model constructed by the model components,but also benefits the realization of the geographic phenomenon,mechanisms and processes correctly.

Geocollaboration is a kind of group work that people take part in together to solve some geographical problems under a certain environment, such as map, virtual reality environment and so on. This article briefly reviews the state of the art of geocollaboration and its collaboration model, then it presents an agent-based collaboration model. Different from other collaboration models’ decomposing methods (such as the decomposing granularity of Activity Model is activities, and that of Role Model is roles, etc.), this collaboration model’s decomposing granularity is computing units, such as geographic models, user avatars, coordination controllers, message transport services, and so on, all these units can be encapsulated by agents. At the end of this paper it assesses the usability of the model, it is proved that agent-based collaboration model can exert the virtues of agent, such as autonomous, reactive, collaborative features as well as its high expansibility.

Multilayer Brower/Server model is a domain tend to the mature system design thought in computer network software engineering. Constructing WebGIS by the multilayered model thought is possible to solve many problems system deep level application development,hence it has become one of the GIS research hot spots. The lake scientific database WebGIS service system aims at promoting data sharing and providing basic data support for the scientific research workers. Based on the analysis of the comparison of the several kinds of domestic and foreign data issue system,taking the data warehouse idea as an instruction,this paper has designed lake database WebGIS system with the aid of multilayered B/S model. The onstage used the active server page (ASP) and the Web server used Microsoft Corporation Internet Information Server (ⅡS). The intermediate level used the SuperMapIS as map server,and the space database engine is used in the magnanimous data which managed SQL SERVER. This article,focusing on the method and the technology used in the process of constructing the system,has discussed the application and realization of WebGIS based on multilayered B/S model.

Based on the physical concept of heat energy of preignition, a new fire susceptibility index (FSI) is used to estimate the forest fire risk. The computation of the index requires inputs of fuel temperature and fuel moisture contents, both of which can be retrieved using remote sensing data and meteorological data. FSIs are adjusted using fuel map acquired from remote sensing data. FSIs are computed in Peninsular Malaysia for nine days before fire and validated with MODIS hotspot data. Results show that FSI increases as the day gets closer to the fire day, and this trend can be observed obviously about four days before the fire day, so FSI can be used to evaluate forest fire risk. Apart from being a good estimator of fire risk, the physical basis provides more meaning to FSI, allows computations of ignition probabilities, and facilitates the development of a future class of fire risk models driven by underlying physical, chemical, and biological processes. Since the preignition energy is a physical variable, it can be used to compare fire risks across ecoregions and time periods.

AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a typical method used in systematic engineering area which provides the function that turned the qualitative analysis into the quantitative analysis or combines these two analytic methods together.A dynamic indices management system designed with the principle of AHP was introduced in the article and also the case study based on the system,the Agricultural Modernization Evaluation Indices System,as well as its construction,calculation and output process were explored further.

The classification of eco-environmental TuPu underpins the rational development and treatment of natural resources and the research of geo-information TuPu.Taking systematic analysis as its train of thought,this paper is designed to set up a classification system of comprehensive eco-environmental information TuPu,on the basis of the summary and contrast analysis of land use by the predecessors and the classification studies of land cover,vegetations,landforms,landscape and eco-environment etc.,in the light of methodology of geo-informatic TuPu and with the aid of the technique of RS and GIS.As the elements of basic geographical structure,landforms and wide range of temperature conditions are natural bases that can’t be changed on a large scale by mankind under present technical conditions.The regional disparities of these factors make different environment occupy a certain regional space.Thus,it’s imperial to first distinguish different environment districts and to consider,on the basis of which,the functions of nature and human elements in an all-round way.Namely,the comprehensive functions of water and heat factors determine the main categories of macro ecosystem such as forest,grassland,desert,etc.Human activities further check the advance directions of natural ecosystem.Therefore,the first-level classification is made according to the vegetations and land use conditions.The second one is made in line with eco-environmental problems caused by human beings and exploitation methods used by mankind.Finally,it comes up with the classification system of eco-environmental TuPu,taking Fujian Province as an example.

Object-oriented spatial data model better describes geographic phenomena. Due to lack of complete object-oriented database management system presently, it’s essential to study further object-oriented data-model construction under RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Based on theories of Model Driven Architecture, this paper studies the approach and technology methods of constructing spatio-temporal data model by event-driven, which bases on RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Firstly, a theoretical model of constructing object-oriented data model is built. Secondly, the definition and arrangement method of events and objects with the application of urban public traffic is studied. Thirdly, the object-oriented dynamic behavior model, temporal behavior model and software mode are constructed, and the executable ability of the models are validated. This paper gives a new approach in inter-perform among different frameworks and systems by applying Model Driven Architecture and event-driven method to build an object-oriented spatio-temporal model.

This paper investigates the actuality of teaching materials of GIS specialty in China. It analyzest,from different applied areas,the specialty and the hierarchical status of the students to whom the teaching materials are suitable,and then analyzes the reason of it. It also introduces the geographic distribution status of the teaching materials and the working place distribution status of the authors. Finally it discusses the problems and reasons in the constructing process and puts forwarol some suggestions and opinions to improve the quality of the teaching materials.

With the development of digital camera technology, the film-oriented airborne remote sensing platform is developing toward digital imaging platform. With the application of the latest aerial digital camera with CCD as its core in China,we analyse the imaging process, imaging model, geometrical distortion and its computing of digital image by CCD camera of whisk broom model in the middle-high space. According to the research of the imaging model of slantwise central projection, we bring forward the system correction method which is based on the imaging model of slantwise central projection in column with the flight displacement, correct the image geometrical distortion which is resulted from the installing obliquity and the flight displacement, and then test the necessity and the validity of the system correction by verifying the image mosaics.

The research and application of runoff yield and runoff in small watersheds in China are reviewed, compared and analyzed. Theoretical basis to construct the models of runoff yield and runoff is explored. Runoff unit hand method corresponding to physical characters and water flow mechanism is studied. New theory, methods and current trends produced by runoff yield and runoff in small watersheds in combination with remote sensing to apply to practical engineering are introduced. Finally, the above problems are systematically analyzed by using system theory, control theory and inverse problem.

Since reservoir flood prevention control is very complicated,it is necessary to apply information technique to support flood prevention control decision.Informationization of Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control mainly includes the following contents:(1) acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measure technique,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc;(2) constructing digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment;(3) simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive history data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models;(4) providing flood prevention control suggestions for reservoir supervisor.By acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measurement techniques,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc,digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment could be constructed.And then through simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive historical data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models,flood prevention control suggestions could be provided for reservoir supervisor.By introducing the research and software development of "Tingxi Reservoir Flood Prevention Control Management Information System",this thesis gives a detailed explanation about how to apply Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System technique in Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control.

Tobacco planting is the only primary industry which has been fully controlled like an industry and the scientific management scheme of industrial enterprise has been implemented in China.Hence it can be considered as the most possible trade to implement recycling organic agriculture.Taking Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province as an example,this paper designs and develops a monitoring and decision sustainable system for organic agriculture based on WebGIS for the purpose of promoting information process in tobacco planting and providing ecological technological tools for the decision support and sustainable development of tobacco planting.

Geomorphology is one of the most important components of physiographic environment.Traditional geomorphologic mapping method mainly depends on handwork and field surveying;this mapping method needs enormous human work,and long mapping time.Therefore,this method does not satisfy the needs of information age.With the rapid development of RS and GIS,more and more geomorphologic mapping can be gotten and finished by means of Remote Sensing data indoor in a shorter period of time.This research summarizes the achievements of geomorphologic classification and mapping methodology,and puts forward the concept of digital geomorphology,including digitalization,updating,dynamic and systemic features,which can store all of the geomorphologic information,even update them.New geomorphologic classification system utilizes many layers and classification methodology,which can divide continental landform into seven layers,i.e.,altitude and undulating degree basic formation causes,sub-causes,morphology,sub-morphology,slope and aspect,and matter composition.And information integration can be divided into loose and tight ways.There are several characteristics of the digital geomorphology,including digitalization and quantification of all geomorphologic information,spatial analysis,dynamic features and geomorphologic system.Digital geomorphology can play important roles in agricultural production,environmental protection,construction of national defense,etc.

This article discusses about the thereunder of choosing the optimum semivariogram models and setting the key parameters based on ARCGIS and GS+software from characteristics and laws of data through understanding the ordinary Kriging interpolation theory, and carries through an in-depth exploratory spatial data analysis taking the spatial interpolation to January average temperature of Fujian province as an example, using the obtained parameters and semivariogram models to simulate the spatial distribution of January average temperature of Fujian province. The aticle offers a clear way for reasonable spatial interpolation.

Modern map & cartography is the necessary result of the traditional map and cartography which have developed on the modern stage. This paper mainly studies the fundamental conceptions and subject system of the modern map and cartography. Considering the fundamental issues such as the characteristics,functions and their extensions,inscapes/basis and their extensions of modern maps,as well as the classifications and their extensions of cartography,this paper analyzes the domestic/overseas development and evolvement of the conception & definition of the modern map & cartography,giving its refined and precise conception & definition,and discusses its subject structure of modern cartography and the fundamental denomination from tradition to modern interim. Finally,this paper prospects the future development in cartography.

Mound tombs in Huzhou area of Zhejiang Province are widely distributed with large quantities. Establishing interpretation sign of the mound tomb's image which matches the real situation of the north of Zhejiang Province is the key technology to investigate, discover and study mound tombs. There are several kinds of mound tombs. This article summarizes the distribution of mound tombs and the image characteristics of many kinds, and also studies the images of other tombs and ground objects which are easily confused with mound tombs. Based on these work, the imaging mechanism of the tombs have been analyzed and summarized

This paper discusses the framework of geological disaster risk appraisal project for which a file system was set up based on J2EE and ArcIMS,as well as the main points of the system design and the realization technical route.Meanwhile the key points of the system implemention are analyzed briefly.This system with a three-tier architecture,which brings good compatibility and expansibility,is implemented based on the idea of modular design.The software technologies applied in this system include Struts,database,network,and WebGIS based ArcIMS.This distributed software system combines the basic functions of GIS system with automatic approval flow management.This system can effectively provide the assistance decision-making support and the information issue service for the functional department of the geological disaster risk evaluation project.

The general characteristics of information flow and material flows in the circlic economic system,especially the impacts of the circlic economy on environment and the environmental information,were analyzed.The theories and methodology of environmental informatics were discussed briefly.Then a more particular analysis of the content,function of environmental informatics oriented-circlic economy and particular issues in the research activities of environmental informatics were dealt with.

The naissance of geo-information TuPu is accompained with geo-information knowledge innovation,and the construction of geo-information TuPu is a cognizing process of studying geo-science object.Based on construction and analysis of the Shaanxi urban and transportion informatic TuPu,this study points out that distribution law of Shanaxi urban grid is symmetric,and the distribution law of its transportation layout is line symmetric.The analysis of target shape TuPu of big cities centered around Yan'an in China suggests to develop Yan'an into a big city to drive economic development of northern Shaanxi.The conclusion is to formulate Shaanxi provincial urban and transportation scientific development programme with the guidance of urban and transportation informatic TuPu.