Only GIS fully integrates spatial analysis can it meet decision-making support requirements. Decision-making support is the soul of GIS software and the most important aim that should be achieved in the future.As traditional SA methods need GIS to provide spatial background to achieve more precise and detailed analysis, GIS and SA should work seamless in decision-making process.This paper reviews the evolution of the integration of GIS and spatial analysis in the past century, and points out the fact that although GIS technology is widely used yet it seems to incorporate only a portion of the tools found in spatial analysis. Spatial analysis can be accused of overly simplistic approaches that severely limit its practical utility. This paper suggests that discarding myopic views and meeting upon a common ground of increased knowledge of modern computing concepts and techniques, including object-orientation, can prove extremely fruitful to both sides.Meanwhile, this paper analyses the technical reasons that hindered the integration of GIS and SA. First, no unified spatial data access method makes SA models lack flexibility and hard to be deployed of GIS software; second, GIS technology has been very conservative and the work of researchers in spatial analysis has often been hampered by the myopic constraints imposed by the use of overly simple computational approaches.It is certainly time for us to make more efforts to the integration of GIS and SA.The adventure of component technology has made it more convenient than ever to do such a job. With this technology adopted, researchers in both GIS and spatial analysis fields can cooperate efficiently and easily benefit from each other's work. This paper gives an in-depth discussion of the impact of component technology on the integration of GIS and SA,and concludes that turning spatial analysis from application level to built-in function will be a future trend for GIS development, and component technology will provide successful solutions to enhance the integration and interaction between GIS and SA models, and thus finally contribute to the implementation of a fully integrated GIS and SA system.

To meet the demand of spatial information representation through network in the spatial information share system of "Digital province" and "Digital City", this article analyzed the problem of spatial information representation on network.Then solutions to the three problems and the technique of spatial information representation based on XML are stated in detail.The research has great potential in expressing spatial information of spatial information share system.Finally combined with the practice of "Digital province" in China, we carry out the application system based on the research.The application validates the feasibility of our research result.

Classification and coding of environment background data is studied in this paper and the main conclusions are as follows: Environment background data is the object of study, based on the integrated research of attribute characteristics of geographic base, semantic time, storage format, record medium, responsible institution and thematic information, the integrated concept of environment background data is put forward. In the Land System Science supported by Geoinformatics, the classification and coding of environment background data should emphasize discovering environment background data from macroscopic view and the classification and coding of environment background data means "integration is soul, classification is for application". In the course of implementation of geographical data-metadata, metadata should be the criterion carrier of classification and coding. Before the uniform classification and coding is ascertained, the

The distributed storage and management of multi scale geographical spatial data is the technical support that we construct distributed network GIS and implement the integrated application of multi scale and multi data types digital geographical information products The paper discusses the distribution and storage model system of geographical spatial data, the integrated storage and management method of spatial data in relation to data base, the spatial data base engine technique, the systematic structure of multi scale geographical spatial information integration management.

Spatial temporal data fusion is a key technology in studying the spatial pattern and processes of geographical objects and phenomen on We designed a database platform on land use and land change based on one squire kilometer resolution grid frame in the process of establishing national resources and environmental databases This data arrangement method has the following priorities:(1)it can decrease the data storage requirement without losing the area information Also it can meet the needs for regional analysis;(2)it can be easily applied to store temporal series data, to obtain the change information and display the results;(3) it can be applied to regional land use change study and integrated driving forces analysis by combining other data sources;and (4)it can also be used to scale up from small scale to large scale Based on spatial aggregation process, the national and global analysis can be realized from regional data and results.

New technologies promise reduced flood losses. However, real-time observations with vast multi-sensor networks, more precise mapping capabilities using remote sensing and GIS, quicker hydrological and meteorological models, and increasing forecast lead times have not yet resulted in reduction of losses. In this paper, the author discusses the applications of remote sensing and GIS in combating floods and conducting loss evaluation and presents the design principle of flood pre-warning monitoring and loss evaluating system. The system function modules were designed according to object-oriented theory, so as to realize the data managing, image processing, spatial analysis and output simulating function.

S technologies,which refer to Remote Sensing (RS),Geographic Information System (GIS),and Global Positioning System (GPS),are very important techniques in resources investigation and environmental protection because of the unique characteristics in information acquiring,processing,and analyzing. For extraction of land use information,four main methods have been used until now,such as traditional manual interpreting method，humancomputer interactive interpreting method，computer aided auto-classification method,and multi-information complex interpreting method. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the above method,a new kind of method called integrated auto-classification method is put forward based on mature auto-classification methods. Taking Miyun County,Beijing as a case region,the land use information was extracted by means of the new method-integrated auto-classification method supported by 3S technologies. A series of contrast analysis have been done between the new method and traditional method. Result of this study can be deduced that the new method has some advantages in objectivity,scientificness,and practicability.

The paper analyses several geographical positioning methods,and sum up characters of the methodsin different scales and procedures.From IEEE802.11 Wireless LANs protocol,a new geographical positioningmethod and its procedure is presented,and the tendency of the geographical positioning method with WirelessLANs protocol in the future is discussed in the paper.Its principle is like a lighthouse which at the seasidesends signals for navigating ships to share.Precision of positioning depends on the clarity of observation.Whena AP(Access Point)in broadcast mode sends a frame that includes local MAC address,MS(Mobile Station)canreceive the signal.By the MAC address it gets its place name,geographical code,longitude and latitude,whichinclude local information.It can be positioned not only by the head of MAC frame but also by the body of MACframe.The former needs calculating of inquire,and the latter does not,so it may be suitable for this kind of mo-bile station,which likes mobile phone.The smaller the range to be receivable for the wireless signal,the higherthe positioning precision.A broadcast frame is so short,for instance,shorter than a microsecond that the AP hasfunctions of communication and positioning.Using the IEEE802.11 MAC frame to position,this method protectsthe safety of national geographical information,because it sends relative position coordinate,and hides the abso-lute position coordinate.The function of positioning can be added to Wireless LAN in existence,thus its con-struction cost is cut down greatly.

Mandelbrot enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper"How long is the coastline of Britain?"published on Science in 1967. The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper. The fractal theory has been applied to a wide variety of fields after it was produced. The use of fractal analysis to geographical research has increased (Mandelbrot,1967;Xu et al.,1993; Turcotte,1996;Nina et al.,1993;Andrle,1996;Gao et al.,1996;Zhu et al.,2000;Wilson,2001;Christensen et al.,2002),but large numbers of geographical phenomena still need to be studied,and many problems still remain unsolved. Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated by the box-counting method,the possible influence of series of square grids on them is ignored all the while. The issue is systematically discussed as a case study of China's continental mountains.Finally,some significant conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Although the fractal character objectively exists in China's continental mountains and doesn't vary with the changes of a series of square grids,the fractal dimensions of these mountains vary with these changes.(2)The fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains vary with the average length of sides of a series of square grids. The fractal dimensions of these mountains are the function of the average length of sides of square grids. They conform to the formula D=f(r) (where D is the fractal dimension,and r is the average length of side of square grid).(3)Different dots of data collection can affect the fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains.(4)The same range of length of side of square grid and dots of data collection can ensure the comparison of fractal dimensions of China's continental mountains,which is just the same as to the other fractal studies and can undoubtedly help to deepen the understanding of fractal and fractal dimensions.

People understand and communicate geographical information mainly by maps and a computer-based tool of GISs.In order to present a better knowledge about the geographical world, cartographers traditionally compile maps of different themes, times and scales.In digital environment, these three factors result in the problem of multiple representation model of geographical information.GISs provide various tools to achieve it.It organizes geographic features in digital database into different layers according to their themes, and in this way users can get proper visualization forms simply by turning on or off the corresponding geographical themes.On the point of time, say temporal factor, researchers have done a lot of work and proposed much solution.This paper discusses the last challenge. The last one, scale, has attracted people's attention in an even longer history.In analogue era, cartographic generalization is the most time and labor consuming part in map making.And in digital environment, GISs applications ask automation of geo-information generalization for lots of reasons, e.g.map making, computation efficiency, network transmission of spatial data, cognition on geographical world, but automatic generalization has been a stubborn task before researchers from the introduction of computer into geo-information processing.Numerous algorithms have been put forward for generalization operators executed on such features as point, line, area and network.However, to present, there is no generally satisfying solution to most applications.And multi-scale spatial database emerged as a tradeoff.In order to get multi-scale views of spatial databases (SDB), there are three approaches.The first scheme of multi-scale SDB is based on multiple scale versions of SDB.The second is based on integrated data structures.And the third is based on automatic geo-information generalization, which is the objective and cannot elegantly implement currently.So, this paper, as most feasible models, takes the second way.The authors design a multi-scale SDB model, named as Hierarchical Object Model (HOMO), to accommodate this problem.HOMO, which combines the objects aggregation hierarchical tree and object's detail hierarchical tree, stores the result of generalization at different scales efficiently and it can perform the operators of merge, aggregation and symbolization of features.The former structure, which is designed as Figure 3, deals with multiple views of compound objects.To single object, scale's changing may dramatically affect its representation.There are two kinds of changes in representation, which are detailed change and dimensional change.The object's detail hierarchical tree integrates both changes.The idea of HOMO is easy to be understood and can satisfactorily help to perform multi-scale spatial data manipulations.

GIS has had countless definitions and various names in its developing history that has been lasting for more than 40 years But there are only four implied key meanings,in temporal sequence they are System,Toolbox,Industry,and Discipline This article reviews the historical background under which the four meanings of GIS appeared,meanwhile it illuminates the influence which brought about variation of the meaning of GIS from technology and market By extracting seven GIS definitions which are based on different meanings and ways from Englis hliterature and performing semantic analysis,the exact connotation of GIS as aconception in all kinds of definitions is determined,the interrelationship among all kinds of GIS meanings is explained,the significance of GIS as a discipline and its content framework are probed Then the standard conceptions to express the four different meanings of GIS are put forward.

The main purpose of this paper is to study the protype system which is based on tourism resource classification system and GIS. Considering the scale of tourism resource area, we take the State level scenic spots as example and set up the classification and evaluation system of national tourism destination. In this paper, the construction of system framework and the realization of the system function were discussed in detail. Based on the classification systems of Guo & Wu et al. and Ying & Wei et al., we developed a new classification system based on GIS, at the same time we brought forward national characteristic resources and local characteristic resources. In designing the system, the data stream method, a valid analyzing method in programming was adopted. In addition, we beautified the interface of the system by using ActiveBar2.0 and ActiveSkin1.0. This system can be used to classify and evaluate the national tourism resource destination through the two classification systems, what's more, the evaluation of the quality of each tourism resource areas can also be done. Through comparing and analyzing the results, it is possible for us to draw some important conclusions which can support our decision.

In this paper the flood inundation caused by the Tokai heavy rainfall in Sept 2000 in the district of Nagoya City of Japan is used as a case of study Firstly, the history and structure of grid square statistical data in Japan is reviewed in detail, and the methods of creating these grid squares of different levels automatically are developed using geographical information system technique And then based on the theory of two dimensional shallow flow hydrodynamics, the numeric model is developed which is used to stimulate flood inundation after dike broken of Shin River Through integrating the GIS and hydrodynamic model, the values of velocity and depth in each 50m mesh are calculated at different time intervals These factors can be used as the flood risk indicator in practice and are very useful for decision making in the emergency period Then the three dimensional visualization of the inundation process is finished Also the exposure value of different properties are evaluated in each 500m mesh And then the economic losses caused by flood disaster are evaluated The results will be beneficial to evaluate the risk of every place in the flood plain and determine the insurance rate in the future because it can provide the common standard which is based on the same kinds of mesh Also it provides an example which will be helpful to using the grid square statistical data in the other study fields such as urban planning and disaster reducing.

Based on remote sensing information of red tide organisms and the related data collected simultaneously,such as the spectrums,the observation data of biology,chemistry,hydrography and meteorology,the database algorithmic functions for the data processing of ground object spectra and that for the extraction of the predominant species of red-tide organisms as well as related biological information from ground object spectra are developed in the environment of the integrated Visual FoxPro System. Furthermore,an application system is constructed for the detection of the boom of red-tide organisms,the recognition and identification of the predominant species of red-tide organism,and the analysis of their characteristic values. The flow chart of management and the main functions of the system are described,the design of the system construction and the realization of each module of the system are depicted,and analysis of some application cases of the system is provided. The system under consideration can provide effective tool for marine environmental protection and for the researches on the reduction of red-tide disasters,and can also provide quantified object data for the govermment departments (in charge) of natural resources and environmental administration.

The developing trend of the human society is economic globalization and informationization in the 21st century.Dongying firmly catches the historical opportunity brought about in the time of information revolutionwhen the informationinzation develops,fully utilizes the existing foundation and advantage,and promotes the de-velopment of the economy of Dongying.It is a magnificent project to build digital Dongying based on the presentand link to the future.There are two main tasks in digital Dongying project:Firstly,based on optic fibre of the whole city the uni-fied computer network of broadband is set up and is utilized as the basic communication network platform,andthen the connection of terminal user's broadband is realized.Secondly,pay special attention to the effort of taking government informationization as the guide,relying mainly on enterprise informationization and the base ofthe social information,the informative applications for the entire people are popularized in an all-round way,theinformation-based system is perfected to realize the whole digitization,and digital Dongying comes into being.Project of digital Dongying comprises information platform of network and basic data platform.According tothe demand and requests of digital city building,the project of “digital Dongying” LAN started operating first,and has been run in an all-sided way,the result is very good.Now the plan of infrastructure of digital Dongying,the overall plan of the network and relevant problem are analyzed and studied.

It is difficult to realize the Web-oriented geo-data sharing, because geoscience features a wide range of more than a dozen specialized areas. This paper studies the principal structure of geo-data sharing network platform taking into consideration of these features.Designed geo-data sharing platform is composed of 5 parts, which includes website portal, data sharing business tier, core service tier, data sources management tier and network foundation. Thirteen function modules are organized in this architecture efficiently.The development of metadata theories and their application techniques provide a solution to mass data sharing in web. In this platform, metadata management and services modules (MMS) serve as the infrastructure. They are designed and built based on RDF/XML models recommended by W3C. The foundation′s hierarchy includes 3 tiers, i.e., application tier, RDF/XML resource management tier, and data resources tier. RDF/XML, served as a middle tier, plays an important role in MMS. As a typical data of geoscience, geospatial data can be published via this platform. Its prototype is researched and developed by means of 7 selected metadata ports and WebGIS technologies.The running environment of Web-oriented geo-data sharing platform is built up with support of Web server and several application servers. Research and experiment showed that Apache + Tomcat + ArcIMS server can work well in the system structure′s physical deployment.

The paper achieved the share of model through the technology of web and object modeling. It constructed the model base system based on web and object modeling technique, and described the whole architecture of the system and the design and function of each module. It considered model base system should consist of model dictionary, model registration system and model management system and model base. Model dictionary included model metadata and model information; model registration system decided who could use the model; model management system consisted of model using module, model generation module, model management module, model information publish module and model maintenance module. Especially, the process of composing complex model could divide an array of simple models though arithmetic:∷={};∷={}. On the basis of the above mentioned, the paper discussed the problem of integration of GIS and model base system. Finally, the paper demonstrated the example of model base in Information Management System of Water and Soil Conservation in Guangdong province. In the example, the tools used to build model base system included ARC GIS 8.1, ARC IMS, VB 6.0, ASP and DreamWeaver ultradev 4.0. Model base system in the example based on natural eroding model base and man-made eroding model base could do buffer analysis, overlap analysis, contrast analysis, the analysis of eroding development direction, the analysis of danger area and harmful analysis. The system took web as the object to receive information and publish the result, made the share of information possible. It took server as the place which did model analysis and model computing. Otherwise, the paper introduced the controller of Microsoft Script Control 1.0, achieved the generation of part of models.

Through the platform of information visualization, the data can be presented in multi-dimensions, and the relationship between data, the information hidden in the data will also be revealed.This is a new tendency which can provide people more and valuable information.By analysing the characteristics of economic data, with the help of the principles, method and target model of integrated map visualization development,the author explains in detail the key techneques, functions and natures in developing economic data visualization system in Fujian Province.

As an important information source, DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) have found applications in a wide variety of areas, such as view shed analysis, watershed partition, derivation of geomorphic features, etc Assessing the accuracy and quality of DEMs scientifically will assure the production, construction and right applications of DEMs. Except factors of data sources, instruments and man made, the major error of DEM roots in interpolation arithmetics. So,the assessment of the accuracy of DEMs is a kind of error analysis aiming at the interpolation accuracy mainly There exist two methods that have the specific theoretical context and accuracy analysis among numerous methods to generate DEMs. One method is TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) interpolation based on discrete ground elevation points, the other is bilinear interpolation used for grid ground elevation points obtained by photogrammetry. This paper gives error models of the above two interpolation methods. The two error models explain some problems that can't be interpreted using RMSE. Nowadays, the two methods to generate DEMs have a wide range of application in practical DEMs productions. Both have own advantages and application fields At present, there are major methods to assess the accuracy of DEMs: test, transfer function, covariance and contour maps produced from DEMs. For test method, the sampling check points lack rigorous theoretical basis. While both methods of transfer function and covariance have difficulty to assess the accuracy of the whole DEM and render the factual distribution of errors,they also can’t estimate the status of the DEM coinciding with the factual topography. In the situation of lacking a valid theoretical accuracy assessment about DEMs presently, contour maps produced from DEMs serve as a natural method to evaluate the quality of DEMs. In fact, as long as the method applied to DEMs interpolation is right, the maximal difference of the original topographic map and the map generated from the corresponding DEM will be less than a half of the numerical value of contour-interval. And the overlay map of the original topographic map and the map obtained from the DEM is just an elaborate render of the whole DEMs error In a word, assessing the accuracy of DEMs rightly is of momentous practical significance and theoretical value. We must adopt truncation error to assess the accuracy of DEM abandoning RMSE. Comparison of the original topographic map with the map generated from the DEM is the most effective method to check the quality of DEMs.

Geography is one of the important disciplines for the development of human society In comparison with the available large number of research about geography's future, a little is known about interpreting the digital space of the earth Based on the human social developing issues sustainable development, economic globalization and human actions in information society, the future of geography was studied by means of geographic analysis spatial view, time view, scale view, dynamic view, synthesis, and expression The results showed that there are four changes in future geography: first, research object of geography changes from real geographic space to digital geo space mainly; second, space time view of geographers changes from three dimensional space to multidimensional space and from un reversible time to reversible time; third, research tools change to remote sensing, geographic information system, global positioning system, web and computers;and fourth, the research methods change to simulation, optimization, and control of decision making This article puts forward that the surface of the earth will be studied comprehensively by interpreting the digital space of the earth, which it brings the quantitative analysis of geography to mature.

The paper focuses on the impacts of IT in regional economic behavior, particularly explores the impacts of web technology, as a new type of IT, on tourism industry. The main contributions in tourism website development include: putting forward an evaluation system for tourism website, and according to the framework, Hebei province's tourism websites were evaluated from content setup, technology organization and service quality. At the same time, it established an online service functionality evolution framework and used the framework to orientate tourism website development in China, and identified current tourism website users and user satisfaction at online tourism service throughout the country. Academically, the study extends the research of communication geography.

This article looks back the development of virtual reality technology and introduces the south-to-north water transfer project briefly. The south-to-north water transfer project contains three main routes—the eastern，the middle and the western routes.The middle route passes the province of Hebei.Taking the middle route for example，this article deals with the environment of engineering implementation and the design of virtual reality technology of the project in detail. Then virtual 3D moddle is built. On the basis of it,the article analyzes the result of this design，such as display of 3D scene,optimum route selection,buffer analysis and calculation of earthwork,grade and length. This article ends with a conclusion.

Geographical network modeling emphasizes the network topology between the nodes and links withinthe logical networks and the semantic manipulation process.But the classical GIS vector data representation isbased on planar graph primitive arc-node data models,which emphasizes geometrical representation.In this paper,the authors introduce a feature based GIS conceptual modeling method to break through the restriction of planar enforcement.To this end,a feature based geographical network model is developed and the characteristics and application issues are discussed.The author separates the network topology from the geometrical dataand argues that network topology is not always dependant on geometrical data although different copies of network topologies can be derived from a same geometrical network.Geographical network topology is differentfrom geometrical topology.Most of network modeling and analysis is based on derived network topology.For theimplementation of geographical network,the integration of object oriented methods and database technologies isfirstly discussed,the difference between classical relational models and object oriented models is then comparedin geographical network representation,and the advantages of object oriented methods for geographical networkroute system representation,dynamic segmentation,and network connection rules are analyzed lastly.It is argued that the feature based object oriented approaches are powerful for complex network modeling and deservesdetailed research and development in network operators,extended structural querying language,and multi-scaledatabases implementation.

Mining the association rule from the database appeared the first in the commercial field. In the mid 1990’s, the geo-association rule was promoted. Geo-association means that the spatiotemporal relationship between the geographic events, which can be used to reasoning one spatiotemporal geographic event or event combination from another event or event combination. Based on the review for the research background and development of geo-association rule, the geo-association rule can be categorized by its complexity as spatial characteristic rule, spatial discriminate rule, spatial association rule and spatiotemporal association rule. With the definition of spatiotemporal rule by mathematic language, the effect of the different indices on the rule mining is analyzed. Furthermore, the presentation analyses the data processed in the rule mining with the level of generalization, the data dimension, the variable type and spatial topologic relationship respectively. The geo-association rule can be categorized as single level rule or inter-level rule by the level of generalization, as one-dimension or multi-dimension rule by data dimension, as boolean or numeric rule by the variable type, as local or focal rule by the topologic relationship. Finally, the presentation describes the flow to forecast the fishing ground using the geo-association rule.

To study the reciprocities and inter-effects between each factors of the ecosystem, analyze the correlations between human activities and eco-environment, construct ecosystem model, analyze and simulate ecosystem, and predict and evaluate ecosystem are the major guarantee and effective approach for improving the management of ecosystem, enhancing its productivity and reaching the goal of reasonable planning and utilizing eco-resources, and realizing the sustainable development.The study on sharing and applying the Denitrification-Decompositon Model has not only provided a new way for sharing data in network databases, but also supplied a solution to the multi-platform network information system of sharing software with inter-platform, better maintenance and high expansibility. Also it has provided an effective technical method for ecosystem research.The system is an internet network operational system based on the Browser/Server mode. It consists of two parts, that is, the client program and server program. The client program is a Java Applet that has been embedded in the HTML page and used mainly to complete the inter-actions between user and system. The server program is a Java Application and its major function is to complete model calculation. It was developed with Java and has good character of no-relation with platforms.Key technical problems and their solutions have been introduced concretely such as the development of Graphic User Interface, network communication of client/server, multi-threading control for the requests of multi-users, using JDBC for real time data extraction of the network database, file input/output of the host computer etc.A case study has been made using the monitoring data in Taoyuan county of Hunan province. According to calculation result and trend graphs, crop growth and their effects on environment have been analyzed. The research can provide evidence for guiding agricultural activities.

WebGIS developd the funtion and enlarge the field in traditional GIS, as the desk for information distribution, open Internet makes GIS more public.With the development in application, the demand for using data in different GIS databases became critical, so more and more efforts will be devoted to the research in this fields.With open and self-describing ability, XML rises an effective standard; on the other hand,the three-layer B/S gives a good model for data using in different structures.So there must be a good future in using of WebGIS.This paper firstly briefs introduce for WebGIS, XML and the three-layer B/S structure and then gives a rudimentary research in the combination of these.

This paper emphatically introduces the current user oriented application of CBERS 1 data in Brazil and offers suggestions on how to promote future applications of the Chinese Brazilian Earth Resources Satellite 1 data to national programmes.

Raw images obtained by whatever earth observation systems are the comprehensive reflection of magnetic spectrum characteristics of surface objects The primary images produced through systematic processing in remote sensing ground station still contain various errors in geometry and radiation because of the influence of atmospheric and topographic conditions And the information from various objects mixes together and influences each other Therefore, what the primary image provides is only data instead of information This data must be reprocessed to get high quality image and useful information suitable to different special applications However, the specialties of most researchers who are engaged in remote sensing image processing are computer, electronics etc They have not enough knowledge in application fields and can’t understand well the rich and valuable information which the remote sensing data of different sensors and different dates contains Apparently, even an excellent expert on image processing can’t complete processing tasks effectively to meet the demands of various applications Thus, up to now, the huge and valuable remote sensing data haven’t been used fully and effectively We think that the remote sensing image processing should be divided into two parts, systematic processing and application processing They are two parts of remote sensing processing, being both closely related and differing from each other The purpose of systematic processing is to improve the quality of image on the whole While that of application processing is, according to concrete application purpose and task, to carry out the comprehensive and object oriented processing so as to analyze and extract thematic information accurately and effectively This paper discussed the general method and procedure of remote sensing image application processing, and showed some successful examples of using it in forest fire detecting, rapid response of flood, city expansion investigation, soil resource survey and management, and dynamic monitoring of landuse.

Nowadays, the pollution of groundwater has become more and more serious. There are many pollution sources such as fuel, garbage, agriculture and industry related wastes. Because of lack of fresh water,groundwater has been over extracted. Therefore, changes of groundwater including quality, quantity, pH, temperature and water level should be monitored. To satisfy this need, we developed groundwater monitoring system based on distributed bus and sensor technology. This system can give us multi-parameter digital display and remote communication. We also used the HTG method in automatic measurement of groundwater quantity. Many other sensors have been used in detecting the other characters of groundwater. We designed a multi-access device to collect the signals from all kinds of sensors. After getting all the parameters, we transmitted these signals back to the computer by RS-485 distributed bus. The application software running on the computer uses the specific algorithm to process all the data, then changes of groundwater are displayed immediately. So the inspectors can know the situation and make corresponding decisions. The practical use shows that the system has satisfactory performance and good application result.

The coding scheme for classifying House Property thematic geographic information is the bedrock of House Property information management and information application,and that really determines whether or not you succeed in information system construction. If the established coding scheme is illogical，it will increase workload in building a geo-database and do great harm to the use of database or data sharing. It even can shorten the database lifecycle and we will suffer huge loss. Thereby,perfect coding scheme for classifying House Property thematic geographic information is very crucial to achieving system and data management and data application goals. With the help of the experience in requirement analysis and data integration,parts of “Digital House Property” sharing platform of Nanjing Project,and in consideration of the need of information sharing across departments and cities,the writers put forward a coding scheme for classifying House Property thematic geographic information. We expected that is a rewarding work on geographic information standardization of House Property.