The Earth System Scientific Data Sharing Network(ESSDSN) is one of the key programs of Scientific Data Sharing Project in China.It is very important for global change and earth system science research as well as national macro strategic decision-making and socio-economic sustainable development.For scientific data sharing,there are two key technologic issues should be solved,i.e.distributed & asynchronous data resources integration and one-stop sharing service.Firstly,the ideal of "founding Earth System Scientific Data Sharing Union by co-constructing and co-using" is put forward.And also three-level organization mode,head center-sub centers-data resource sites,is designed.From the viewpoint of technology,it adopts the method of centralized management for metadata and separate management for data body to integrate distributed data resources.Specially,in order to describe multi-discipline data resources,different metadata standards are used.However these metadata standards should be interchanged with each other.So the core metadata standard and extension method are researched using MVC(metadata standard schema,metadata view page,metadata handle control functions) mode to uniformly handle and visualize these different metadata standards.Finally,the distributed Earth System Scientific Data Sharing System(ESSDSS) is designed based on SOA(Service-oriented architecture).It is divided into three logic tiers,i.e.data resources tier,business function tier and web services tier,and implements interoperability by web services.ESSDSS has been deployed in one head center and 13 sub centers to form a distributed and one-stop Earth System Scientific Data Sharing Network(ESSDSN).Up to Dec.2009,ESSDSN has integrated about 18TB data resources including 5 spheres of earth system and provided about 25.59TB data for many users freely.

Coastal Zone is the transfer of land and sea areas.With economic development and opening to the outside world,various exploiting activities on coastal zone,on the one hand,promote economic development of coastal areas;on the other hand,make coastal areas facing increasing pressures,such as population increase,consumption of resources and serious environmental pollution,etc.In addition,coastal zone suffers frequent natural disasters,such as typhoon,drought and earthquake.Accordingly,coastal ecological environment shows a typical characteristic of vulnerability.In this paper,fragile ecological environment in the coastal zone was studied based on the Geo-Information Tupu methodology.Firstly,it constructs spatiotemporal database through earth observation,field investigation and social economic statistics,and a symptom Tupu is constructed from data mining and knowledge discovery.Then a diagnose Tupu is extracted by combined evaluation and spatiotemporal analysis.Finally,implement Tupu is generated by the support of forecasting model and the decision project is formed.The practice proves that the study of the fragile properties for eco-environment by the method of Geo-Informatics graphic analysis is almost same as the reality of Fujian Province.The fragile eco-environment including present situation,driving factors and the future trend could be reflected more intuitively through information Tupu.The study of fragile eco-environmental information Tupu by means of Tupu inversion and simulating the spatiotemporal change of eco-environment of coast zone would supply important scientific basis for the planning policy decision of sustainable development in coast zone as well as the countermeasure making of environmental management and disaster prevention and reduction through comprehensive assessment and forecasting of fragile eco-environment in coastal zone by Tupu form.

It was very important to learn the climate background in arable land changed areas of China then to estimate food production,to evaluate the balance of arable land quantity and quality,and to put in practice arable land protection and food security.In this paper,the arable land changed areas were firstly analyzed.Next,annual mean temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours were chosen to analyze the climate conditions in arable land changed areas so as to provide suggestions on land protection and economic development.The results showed that annual mean temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours in arable land decreased areas were 0.45-1.05℃ higher,56.77-79.59mm more and 45.80-98.83h less than arable land increased areas during the four periods from the end of 1980s to 2008.While annual mean temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours in areas with significant arable land reduction were 0.81-1.85℃ higher,85.69-305.26mm more and 86.96-207.85h less than those with significant arable land increase.The core part of China's arable land was gradually moving upward/northward from the end of 1980s to 2008.According to altitude,the arable land increased areas seemed to be about 0.5-1° more northward than the decreased areas,while the significantly increased areas seemed to be about 1-2° more northward than the significantly decreased areas.Otherwise,according to latitude,the arable land increased areas seemed to be about 100-200 meters higher than the decreased areas,while the significantly increased areas seemed to be about 150-350 meters higher than the significantly decreased areas.The difference in precipitation became more and more significant between the arable land decreased area and the increased area as time went on from the end of 1980s to 2008.These conclusions are important help for us to learn grain production,to evaluate the balance of arable land quantity and quality,and to readjust industrial layout in China.

Through remote sensing research of uranium deposit in Ordos and Tarim basins,the close relationship of its metallogenic environment and fault-block uplift(fault-uplift structure) was found.Based on this discovery,and combined with modern information technology(GIS,3d visualization,computer simulation,etc.) and geophysical and geochemical information such as gravity,aeromagnetic,airborne radiometric survey and earthquake prospecting,then adding in uranium geology professional knowledge,the information transform was made into new cognition,and finally,a viewpoint of fault-uplift mineralization and the theory of fault-block mineralization in Craton basin of China were put forward.To encircle the fault-uplift structure and its brink is the main direction of prospecting in this type of basin.So,the conception of putting the application of remote sensing "from the technical aspect to scientific aspect",which,was advocated by the late academician Chen Shupeng,was explored.This concept designated the direction of deep development and further application of remote sensing technology.The practice shows that it is an important approach to make full use of the advantages of remote sensing technology at first,to discover and put forward problems,then to use comprehensive information and integration technology,to make extension study of the remote sensing discovery and combine with professional knowledge,to make the data and information transform into innovation cognition,and finally to direct the practice and decision-making.

A geographic information system(GIS) integrates hardware,software,and data for capturing,managing,analyzing,and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.Addresses are one of the most popular geographical reference systems in natural languages.Address geocoding is considered as the most effective approach to bridging the gap between business data in management information systems(MIS) and GIS,which supports geospatial information visualization and spatial analysis.Chinese address geocoding faces three significant problems,i.e.address models,address resolution and address matching,because of the un-standardization of Chinese place names and the shortage of national address databases.Address resolution aims to automatically split address strings in natural language into address units without semantic incompletion.It plays a fundamental role in address models and address matching.Previous research focuses on rule or gazetteer based approaches,which are easily implemented but with poor coverage and performance.In theory,Chinese address resolution is similar to word segmentation in Chinese natural language processing.Based on the investigation of large-scale Chinese place names and address syntactic patterns,this paper identifies primary and secondary general characters that represent a variety of address units.And then an address numerical representation method is presented to induce syntactical rules of Chinese addresses.Finally,we develop an RBAI algorithm for implementation Chinese address resolution and illustrate an example.The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory efficiency and effectiveness for large-scale data processing,the accuracy ratio over 92% and the processing rate over 2,800 items per second.The proposed approach and system can be extended to such fields as land management,asset management,city plan,public security,postal system,taxation,public health management and other location-base services.

As a complex non-linear and dynamic process,full understanding of the urban morphology and evolution mechanism requires modelling.Due to its abilities of simulating and predicting a complex system,cellular automata(CA) have been increasingly used to capture the nature of urban evolution since the pioneering work of Tobler.More recently,intelligence methods were widely adopted to optimize geographical CA models.The similarity between the nature of self-organization of particle swarm optimizers(PSO) and the "bottom-up" approach of cellular models makes it particularly suitable for optimizing transition rules.Based on automatically searching the minimum differences between the simulation results produced by a CA model based on conventional logistic regression method and the actual pattern of urban morphology,this research integrates the PSO method and a CA model to stochastically optimize combination of parameters of CA rules and construct the PSO based CA model for urban expansion and evolution modelling.Based on Matlab,Visual Studio.Net and GIS,the PSO algorithm and the PSO-CA model were successfully implemented.By using the 17 years(from 1989 to 2006) historical remotely sensed images,the PSO-CA model was calibrated to simulate the urban expansion of Jiading District,Shanghai Municipality.Besides,the urban pattern of Jiading District at 2010 was projected with the PSO-CA model.Evaluated with a confusion matrix,the simulation results of the PSO-CA model obtained accuracies of 87.42% for the non-urban category,76.51% for the urban category,82.35% for overall,and 64.31% for the Kappa coefficient,which outperforms the logistic regression based CA model,with accuracies of 84.36% for the non-urban category,71.58% for the urban category,78.42% for overall,and 56.32% for the Kappa coefficient.This research have demonstrated that conventional transition rules were substantially improved by the PSO technique,which also can optimize a wide range of traditional CA models for urban evolution modelling.

With economic growth,eutrophication has become one of the most severe environment problems,including in lake areas.Currently,couples of lakes urgently need decision-making information for the coordination between economic growth and nitrogen and phosphorus emissions controlling.This paper introduces the framework of a multi-regional environmental computable general equilibrium(ECGE) model which is based on the theory of mathematical optimization solution to explore the relationship between economic growth and controlling of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions.A social accounting matrix(SAM) database is created based on the input-output table of 2007 for mainland China and an inter-regional trade matrix is built in terms of the gravity model assumption to support the ECGE model.A case study in Poyang Lake Basin is conducted to extract decision making information for nitrogen and phosphorus emissions controlling in order to avoid the broken out of eutrophication as well as to spur economic growth.Four scenarios are designed based on water environmental capacity and emission factors of each sectors of Poyang Lake Basin and simulated by ECGE model one by one.The simulation results show that the scenario,aiming at the Grade III water quality standards and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from those sectors with high emission,is the most efficient one among all of the four scenarios in coordinating economic development and eutrophication control.The internalization of external environmental costs under this scenario will reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions via increasing of science and technology input and improving on processing technique with economic growth of Jiangxi Province as well as other regions.

The gird scale effect is one of the basic issues on population data spatialization.For the demand of all kinds of spatial population data in the fields of resources and environment and global change models,a lot of researches have been done based on remote sensing and GIS technology both at home and abroad.But the models used are mostly on global(such as GPW,1995,5km),national(such as national population database,2000,1km) or provincial scale,and their resolution ranges from 1km to several kilometers.In recent years,there are studies on local distribution of population by using of high-resolution images.For all the researches,both the method of data source selection according to specific application and the analysis on production suitability are deficient.So,many uncertainties exit in population data application,especially in county level and secondary or tertiary rivers.To solve the problems mentioned above,in this article we mainly propose the method of scale effect analysis on population data spatialization.Taking Yiwu City,Zhejiang Province as the study area,using CBERS and IRS-P5 images we extract land use information and build a spatialization model to the statistical population data of rural towns,then get a set of population data gird ranging from 20m to 1km.Moreover,by comparing population data by grid and statistical population data in rural towns,the grid scale effect analysis is made;by comparing population data by grid and statistical population data in villages,the remote sensing data source scale effect analysis is made.The result of scale effect analysis shows: by using CBERS as data source,the suitable grid scale of production is 200m and its precision is 76%;by using P5 as a data source,the suitable grid scale of production is 100m and its precision is 84%.The method of scale effect analysis in spatial distribution of statistical population is argued in this paper and it can provide basic technical solutions and examples to optimum scale selection in the process of humanistic factors(such as population) spatialization.

Map Registration plays a very important role in many fields of GIS.An automated shape-base approach to affine transformation registration of two homonymous vector map features is put forward in this paper.This approach includes two stages which are coarse registration and fine registration.In the first stage,geometry moments are computed only through boundary for polygon features and three pairs of corresponding points are recognized according to some theorems of affine transformation invariants for line features,which will cause that six initial parameters of affine transformation be solved,and thus two map features can overlap with each other roughly according to solved parameters.In the second stage,fine registration is realized by an improved iterative closest points method using a point-to-line metric based on coarse registration result.Experiments show that this algorithm presented in this paper can still achieve a more accurate registration result compared with artificial registration even when there are many slight deformations between shape boundaries of two homonymous vector map features,which mean that it is robust to noise to some degree.Because this algorithm take complicated shape characteristics of map features into account,it is more suitable for registration of vector map features than other methods.After fine registration is fulfilled,homonymous corresponding points can be recognized and matched from shape boundary of vector map features based on registration result,which will lay solid foundation for following entire map registration.

The WebGIS development represents a natural answer to the growing requests for dissemination and use of geographical information data.WebGIS originates from a combination of web technology and Geographic Information System.The new technology,RIA(Rich Internet Application),is more frequently used to enrich WebGIS in meeting the demand of high interactivity and rich expression in some extent.There were papers introducing the solution of RIA applied in WebGIS such as Flex,but they mainly discussed the architecture,the function model and so on.Base on the research of Silverlight,the combination between Silverlight and WebGIS is presented in this paper.Especially,the authors discussed how to represent geographic information in multi-scale by simulating and improving DeepZoom,which enables smooth loading and panning by serving up multi-resolution images and using spring animation.And then we integrated vector and raster geographical data by making use of XAML(eXtensible Application Markup Language).It would be much more appealing if taking advantage of animation.The algorithm for displaying huge amount of data was also designed,and it improved the performance efficiently.In addition,the key issue of geospatial web services aggregation and web cache was also mentioned.Finally,to evaluate and present results obtained by this work,this paper includes case studies concerning implementation of the idea.The authors believe that WebGIS based upon Silverlight will play a great role in representing geographic information and aggregating geospatial web services in future,and also,it is more effective.

The autors first investigated and analyzed the requirement and development of office automation for urban planning. According to practices and experiment in Guangzhou Urban Planning Bureau, the authors summarized the methodologies of integration of GIS and OA technologies. Some examples were also given in the paper.

The daily and yarly periodic variation regularities of soil temperature and characteristics of soil temperature gradient variation have been studied in this paper ,the relationship between soil water movement as well as the exchange regularity of soil water with phreatic water and soil temperature varition has also been ana lyzed . From experiments and analysis show that the daily periodic variation of tem perature is one of the main reasons causing the daily periodic variation of phreatic water table.

Digital Town is at present one of the hot points of high technological development, This paper begin with the intension of Digital Town. By means of the analyses for the define?class and the purpose and sense of the construction of Digital Town. The content and technical key of the construction of the intelligent administration of information system is put forward. And the management machine of Digital Town is imagined. An expectation to promote the development of Digital Town in China.

With the increasingly wide application of WEBGIS, it is very important to assure the geoinformation data transfers security in the network. In this paper, the author analyzes some hidden security troubles and the security necessity in order to overcome those troubles. On the basis of the above description, this paper discusses the technique of proxy middleware, and proposes an implementation framework of secure data transfers platform for WEBGIS.

The state-of-art GIS platforms and application development is firstly analyzed in this paper and the necessity of developing independent copyright large-scale GIS platforms to support China's national spatial infrastructures is confirmed. Secondly the general aims and technological aims are put forward. Then the system structures and characteristics of large-scale distributed GIS are discussed in detail from the hierarchies of general framework, spatial database management system, spatial application service platforms and visual GIS tools and application interfaces.

The Grid refers to an computer network infrastructure that enables the geographical distributed computing resource,storage resource,network resource,software resource,data resource,information resource et al, to be integrated into a logistic one.Grid can provide integrated information application services for users as if it were a supercomputer.Now Grid has become a hot issue of reserch and development throughout the world. Spatial Information Grid (SIG)is the fundmental application of Grid technology in spatial information application service fields such as digital city. In fact, Spatial Information Grid is an intelligent information infrastructure providing integrated spatial information application services for users by using existing spatial information infrastructure and spatial information network protocol standard.In this intelligent information infrastructure, spatial information processing is distributed and intelligent user can acess spatial information resource through only one logistic portal. The architecture and key technology of spatial information grid are the most important issues.In this paper,at first,the background of thriving and prosperous Grid reserch and the proceeding of Grid research in China and abroad are analyzed.Based on Open Grid Services Architecture(OGSA),the Three-Layer Grid Architecture Model(Grid resource layer,system management layer or Grid Operating System,application service layer) is established,then the XML based Resource Markup Language(RML) as the resource information describing language in resource management and multi-layer grid node autonomous task scheduler in grid operation system are presented,At last,the Geo-Agent based Architecture of Spatial Information Grid is presented, it is a prototype of Common Agent Request Broker Architecture(CARBA) application in spatial information domain.Some important issues in Spatial Information Grid such as spatial information express and spatial metadata, spatial information connection and coherence, the intelligentization of Spatial Information Grid and the security of Spatial Information Grid are discussed. Spatial Information Grid will influence the development of Large-scale Geographic Information System deeply. Spatial Information Grid will also boost the evolution of digital city and digital earth.

Since 1990', the spatial information techniques such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Position System (GPS) have been improved increasingly in basic theories and techniques. They are making more and more effect in all kinds of way. Marine nature reserve is the important part of marine project. Its developing is limited by lagging management. So modernization of management is imperative under the situation. Handling "3S" techniques to develop Marine Nature Reserve Spatial Information System (MNRGIS) is the availability step to this trouble. This paper discusses the features of marine nature reserve and the application of spatial information techniques in marine, then emphasize on discussing the framework, key techniques and database of the initiatory design of MNRGIS. Moreover it also brings forward some problems about MNRGIS.

In this paper the authors annylizees the five maps in Srategy Tupu for Development in West China. From the fields such as Environmental Population Capacity, Environmental Population Capacity, Environmental Population Capacity, Vertical Structure of Physical Environment and Urbanization and economic development, conduct a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the present situation and future development potential of West China based on the generalized directions presented in Geo-informatic Tupu theory from both natural and economic points of view on a macro scale, as well as providing some basis for carrying out sustainable development strategies, protecting the ecological environment and returning cultivated lands to forest and grassland. Try to probe into the Based Geo-informatic and we hope to predigest the graphic expression of complex systems and provide graphically, the results of our spatial analysis and resolution methods that are both clear at a glance and multi-scaled, in addition to providing an information service for West China's modernization.

As a main composition & kernel problem of the digital earth, information city has been concerned and become a hot issue in present research. The paper discusses the establishment of virtual imitate environment through VR-GIS (integration of VR and GIS) technology and the realization of three-dimension dynamic visualization of the research region to serve the city plan and the tourism.

In economic , social and urban studies, areal units under analysis frequently differ from areal units over which data are compiled. Most area based analyses, hence, face an unavoidable problem of transferring data across different zonal systems. This paper analyzes areal interpolation using ancillary data EM method and points out how to realize it in GIS. The characteristics of EM method are discussed. At last, the prospects of areal interpolation using ancillary data is elaborated as well.

The relationship between the urban thermal field and factors of afforestation and construction in Harbing is established by using TM thermal image and ground data. It's clear that afforestation can weaken the urban thermal radiation field and construction can strengthen it, especially in summers. According to balancing calculation, it's proper that the minimum and the ideal value of the city's percentage of green coverage are 27% and 40% respectively. And the building density should be controlled below 27% aimed to improve the management of urban ecosystem.

This paper introduced the two methods of realizing data share between ArcView and VB, which are DDE and ActiveX. Some examples are given. It is proved that they are effective ways to enrich the functions of ArcView and to develop the users' application system.

承继成、李琦、林珲教授和黄宝青、夏曙东博士合著的“数字城市——理论、方法和应用”的问世 ,对“数字城市”的发展趋势、概念和内涵 ,特别是对“数字城市”与各行业管理信息系统的密切关系 ,“数字鸿沟”、“数字分化”与“边缘化”的危机 ,从理论上进行了精辟的剖析 ,从案例中总结了实践的经验。全书高屋建瓴、统览宏观大局 ;纲举目张 ,细查关键技术。有幸先睹为快 ,谨记浅薄学习心得 ,欣然命笔 ,为青年学子导读 ,向从事“数字城市”建设的专家学者们郑重推荐。我国有 6 6 8个大中城市 ,大约有 3 0 0 0 0个小城镇。城市的数字化 ,只是迈向信息化和现代化的第一步 ,来日方长 ,任重道远。

Grid geographical information system (Grid GIS) is a hardware infrastructure and distributed software platform to share information and service collaboratively for wide-area spatial information distributed processing. On the internet, computational, storage, and network resources are heterogeneous and reside in different security domains. This makes the spatial data processing grid environment much more challenging than traditional distributed computing environments, which typically consist of homogeneous machines under the control of a distributed operating system. Grid GIS is the virtual super-computing environment for spatial data handling which connects computers, spatial databases, huge data store system, other GIS, virtual reality systems,and so on in the heterogeneous application environment to one system (Grid GIS). In this paper, we discuss the basic spatial services that must be provided by a grid GIS infrastructure to enable high-performance applications to be distributed over the wide area. We survey recent technical papers on grids and spatial data processing and focus particularly on the key implementation techniques for GRID GIS,such as, spatial data(metadata) standard, spatial data service standard, distributed spatial object, component and component database, spatial data interoperability and middleware, from the Globus project and SIG project. We also propose the 5 tiers model, which consists of client application, service converting bridge, function server,spatial data engine and database server, for architecture of Grid GIS on the basis of analysis the feature of spatial data in the network. Our solution for data sharing and service cooperatively is to decompose the name space (metadata) into a top layer which is under centralized control, and at the lowest level, where the resources themselves reside and the need for complex relationships is greater. The communication at the top level is GXML. For instance, a portal may request information from a GIS server. It would issue a query in a language like XPath (step 1). The XPath query would be sent to the SQL database server (2), which converts it to an SQL query, executes the query (3) and returns the result as a GXML document (4). Transformation to the document may be necessary (5) before returning the document to the portal.

According to the method of weight center in economic spatial structure, the paper is meant to analyze the movement solution of industrial weight center and submit the sustainable development measurement of industrial structure in Shandong province.

The popularizing and spreading Computer-Aided Cartography (CAC) and the electronic publication system change radically the traditional technology for producing maps. With the practice of cartography linked, this article discusses the adaptation, systematic conditions, and technology flow of using graphics software in complication and publication of thematic maps. Some experience and several items needing attention are concluded.

Large-scale GIS and the Earth spatial data products are confronted with the problem how to define their space mathematical base in theory and practice, which is also the basic problem of the development of the whole Geographic Information Science. Now, many international academic institutes and famous scholars show much interest in it. The map projection is a kind of topology transformation between two-dimensional fields in order to express the earth surface with limited plane maps. When choosing a concrete type of map projection, we usually consider three factors: map use, map scale, and location?shape?area of the region. Map projections are the space mathematical base of maps. GIS came of cartology, and maps are the main data source of GIS. Currently, most GIS take map projections as space mathematical base. Various GIS adopt respective reference systems and map projections adapting to the region and the scale, and all GIS corresponding to the state basic scales take Gauss projection as mathematical base in China. However, lots of practice have proved that large-scale GIS which take Gauss projection as space mathematical base have a lot of problems, e.g. large region can not be continuously visualized; Since spatial objects are digitized in respective maps which are discontinuous, complex map merging is necessary and is hard to handle. Gauss projection is not applicable for integrating maps at different scales over a large rang; the systems are limited to expand and update with development; It is difficult to define the third dimension and the time dimension in such complex two dimension measurement space; the fact that GISs use different reference systems is main disadvantage for both GIS's development and the form of the Digital Earth. The mathematical base of GIS is essential to unify the GIS established separately. It is also the premise for building the Digital Earth. After analyzing the status quo and the limitations of the space mathematical base of GIS, this paper points out definitely that the geodetic coordinate system is uniform, it can show the location of any point of the global exactly and uniquely in form of (B,L,H), it is the most proper reference system of large-scale GIS and Digital Earth. Moreover, this paper also puts forward a set of practical model of the standard map projection, that is, R multiplied L is X, and the product of R and B is Y, where L is the longitude, B is the latitude, and their units are radian. R is the mean curvature radius of the earth. The model is similar in form to the cylindrical equidistant projection, but they differ from each other in essence. The first one is the plane view of the geodetic coordinate system's horizontal projection, and it provides the exact 2D geometry measurement space on the global earth surface. The view system and the measurement space are separate in the model, but the latter is the plane view and the plane measurement system. Finally, this paper introduces a DRG system based on this model.

国家重点实验室建设始于1984年,截止目前,共建设国家重点实验室157个。国家重点实验室是我国基础研究的国家队,在基础研究、人才培养和对外合作方面做出了优异成绩。实验室建设增强了国家的科研能力,为科研提供了条件和物质保障;实验室吸引、稳定一支高水平的研究队伍,成为我国高层次的人才培养中心;实验室吸引、稳定一支高水平的研究队伍,成为我国高层次的人才培养中心;实验室促进了国内外科技学术交流,为科学发展创造了良好的氛围。国家重点实验室实行“开放、流动、联合、竞争”的新体制,形成了有利于创新、鼓励竞争的评价体系和管理制度,为科技体制改革积累了经验。

This paper analysed the region development history of Guang Fu met ropolis. We studied on the settlements development of Guang Fu metropolis a rea during 20th century using data mining methods based GIS and RS technology,data sources from SPOT,TM imageries and topography base maps(1:50000) were used. Four features of double core,life rhythm,J F(Jump Fill),TOD are co ncluded from the spatio temporal information TUPU of settlement in Guang Fu metropolis. Some problems of spatio temporal information TUPU future study are discussed.

This article mainly analyses the formation, development and trend of geographic science from both domestic and abroad. It review the developing procedure of geographic information science and raises the recent frontline to develop, as well as probes some important problems that will be faced in geographic information industrialization. At last it gives out some suggestions and creation in the development of geographic informaiton science.