The autors first investigated and analyzed the requirement and development of office automation for urban planning. According to practices and experiment in Guangzhou Urban Planning Bureau, the authors summarized the methodologies of integration of GIS and OA technologies. Some examples were also given in the paper.

The daily and yarly periodic variation regularities of soil temperature and characteristics of soil temperature gradient variation have been studied in this paper ,the relationship between soil water movement as well as the exchange regularity of soil water with phreatic water and soil temperature varition has also been ana lyzed . From experiments and analysis show that the daily periodic variation of tem perature is one of the main reasons causing the daily periodic variation of phreatic water table.

Digital Town is at present one of the hot points of high technological development, This paper begin with the intension of Digital Town. By means of the analyses for the define?class and the purpose and sense of the construction of Digital Town. The content and technical key of the construction of the intelligent administration of information system is put forward. And the management machine of Digital Town is imagined. An expectation to promote the development of Digital Town in China.

With the increasingly wide application of WEBGIS, it is very important to assure the geoinformation data transfers security in the network. In this paper, the author analyzes some hidden security troubles and the security necessity in order to overcome those troubles. On the basis of the above description, this paper discusses the technique of proxy middleware, and proposes an implementation framework of secure data transfers platform for WEBGIS.

The state-of-art GIS platforms and application development is firstly analyzed in this paper and the necessity of developing independent copyright large-scale GIS platforms to support China's national spatial infrastructures is confirmed. Secondly the general aims and technological aims are put forward. Then the system structures and characteristics of large-scale distributed GIS are discussed in detail from the hierarchies of general framework, spatial database management system, spatial application service platforms and visual GIS tools and application interfaces.

The Grid refers to an computer network infrastructure that enables the geographical distributed computing resource,storage resource,network resource,software resource,data resource,information resource et al, to be integrated into a logistic one.Grid can provide integrated information application services for users as if it were a supercomputer.Now Grid has become a hot issue of reserch and development throughout the world. Spatial Information Grid (SIG)is the fundmental application of Grid technology in spatial information application service fields such as digital city. In fact, Spatial Information Grid is an intelligent information infrastructure providing integrated spatial information application services for users by using existing spatial information infrastructure and spatial information network protocol standard.In this intelligent information infrastructure, spatial information processing is distributed and intelligent user can acess spatial information resource through only one logistic portal. The architecture and key technology of spatial information grid are the most important issues.In this paper,at first,the background of thriving and prosperous Grid reserch and the proceeding of Grid research in China and abroad are analyzed.Based on Open Grid Services Architecture(OGSA),the Three-Layer Grid Architecture Model(Grid resource layer,system management layer or Grid Operating System,application service layer) is established,then the XML based Resource Markup Language(RML) as the resource information describing language in resource management and multi-layer grid node autonomous task scheduler in grid operation system are presented,At last,the Geo-Agent based Architecture of Spatial Information Grid is presented, it is a prototype of Common Agent Request Broker Architecture(CARBA) application in spatial information domain.Some important issues in Spatial Information Grid such as spatial information express and spatial metadata, spatial information connection and coherence, the intelligentization of Spatial Information Grid and the security of Spatial Information Grid are discussed. Spatial Information Grid will influence the development of Large-scale Geographic Information System deeply. Spatial Information Grid will also boost the evolution of digital city and digital earth.

Since 1990', the spatial information techniques such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Position System (GPS) have been improved increasingly in basic theories and techniques. They are making more and more effect in all kinds of way. Marine nature reserve is the important part of marine project. Its developing is limited by lagging management. So modernization of management is imperative under the situation. Handling "3S" techniques to develop Marine Nature Reserve Spatial Information System (MNRGIS) is the availability step to this trouble. This paper discusses the features of marine nature reserve and the application of spatial information techniques in marine, then emphasize on discussing the framework, key techniques and database of the initiatory design of MNRGIS. Moreover it also brings forward some problems about MNRGIS.

In this paper the authors annylizees the five maps in Srategy Tupu for Development in West China. From the fields such as Environmental Population Capacity, Environmental Population Capacity, Environmental Population Capacity, Vertical Structure of Physical Environment and Urbanization and economic development, conduct a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the present situation and future development potential of West China based on the generalized directions presented in Geo-informatic Tupu theory from both natural and economic points of view on a macro scale, as well as providing some basis for carrying out sustainable development strategies, protecting the ecological environment and returning cultivated lands to forest and grassland. Try to probe into the Based Geo-informatic and we hope to predigest the graphic expression of complex systems and provide graphically, the results of our spatial analysis and resolution methods that are both clear at a glance and multi-scaled, in addition to providing an information service for West China's modernization.

As a main composition & kernel problem of the digital earth, information city has been concerned and become a hot issue in present research. The paper discusses the establishment of virtual imitate environment through VR-GIS (integration of VR and GIS) technology and the realization of three-dimension dynamic visualization of the research region to serve the city plan and the tourism.

In economic , social and urban studies, areal units under analysis frequently differ from areal units over which data are compiled. Most area based analyses, hence, face an unavoidable problem of transferring data across different zonal systems. This paper analyzes areal interpolation using ancillary data EM method and points out how to realize it in GIS. The characteristics of EM method are discussed. At last, the prospects of areal interpolation using ancillary data is elaborated as well.

The relationship between the urban thermal field and factors of afforestation and construction in Harbing is established by using TM thermal image and ground data. It's clear that afforestation can weaken the urban thermal radiation field and construction can strengthen it, especially in summers. According to balancing calculation, it's proper that the minimum and the ideal value of the city's percentage of green coverage are 27% and 40% respectively. And the building density should be controlled below 27% aimed to improve the management of urban ecosystem.

This paper introduced the two methods of realizing data share between ArcView and VB, which are DDE and ActiveX. Some examples are given. It is proved that they are effective ways to enrich the functions of ArcView and to develop the users' application system.

承继成、李琦、林珲教授和黄宝青、夏曙东博士合著的“数字城市——理论、方法和应用”的问世 ,对“数字城市”的发展趋势、概念和内涵 ,特别是对“数字城市”与各行业管理信息系统的密切关系 ,“数字鸿沟”、“数字分化”与“边缘化”的危机 ,从理论上进行了精辟的剖析 ,从案例中总结了实践的经验。全书高屋建瓴、统览宏观大局 ;纲举目张 ,细查关键技术。有幸先睹为快 ,谨记浅薄学习心得 ,欣然命笔 ,为青年学子导读 ,向从事“数字城市”建设的专家学者们郑重推荐。我国有 6 6 8个大中城市 ,大约有 3 0 0 0 0个小城镇。城市的数字化 ,只是迈向信息化和现代化的第一步 ,来日方长 ,任重道远。

Grid geographical information system (Grid GIS) is a hardware infrastructure and distributed software platform to share information and service collaboratively for wide-area spatial information distributed processing. On the internet, computational, storage, and network resources are heterogeneous and reside in different security domains. This makes the spatial data processing grid environment much more challenging than traditional distributed computing environments, which typically consist of homogeneous machines under the control of a distributed operating system. Grid GIS is the virtual super-computing environment for spatial data handling which connects computers, spatial databases, huge data store system, other GIS, virtual reality systems,and so on in the heterogeneous application environment to one system (Grid GIS). In this paper, we discuss the basic spatial services that must be provided by a grid GIS infrastructure to enable high-performance applications to be distributed over the wide area. We survey recent technical papers on grids and spatial data processing and focus particularly on the key implementation techniques for GRID GIS,such as, spatial data(metadata) standard, spatial data service standard, distributed spatial object, component and component database, spatial data interoperability and middleware, from the Globus project and SIG project. We also propose the 5 tiers model, which consists of client application, service converting bridge, function server,spatial data engine and database server, for architecture of Grid GIS on the basis of analysis the feature of spatial data in the network. Our solution for data sharing and service cooperatively is to decompose the name space (metadata) into a top layer which is under centralized control, and at the lowest level, where the resources themselves reside and the need for complex relationships is greater. The communication at the top level is GXML. For instance, a portal may request information from a GIS server. It would issue a query in a language like XPath (step 1). The XPath query would be sent to the SQL database server (2), which converts it to an SQL query, executes the query (3) and returns the result as a GXML document (4). Transformation to the document may be necessary (5) before returning the document to the portal.

According to the method of weight center in economic spatial structure, the paper is meant to analyze the movement solution of industrial weight center and submit the sustainable development measurement of industrial structure in Shandong province.

The popularizing and spreading Computer-Aided Cartography (CAC) and the electronic publication system change radically the traditional technology for producing maps. With the practice of cartography linked, this article discusses the adaptation, systematic conditions, and technology flow of using graphics software in complication and publication of thematic maps. Some experience and several items needing attention are concluded.

Large-scale GIS and the Earth spatial data products are confronted with the problem how to define their space mathematical base in theory and practice, which is also the basic problem of the development of the whole Geographic Information Science. Now, many international academic institutes and famous scholars show much interest in it. The map projection is a kind of topology transformation between two-dimensional fields in order to express the earth surface with limited plane maps. When choosing a concrete type of map projection, we usually consider three factors: map use, map scale, and location?shape?area of the region. Map projections are the space mathematical base of maps. GIS came of cartology, and maps are the main data source of GIS. Currently, most GIS take map projections as space mathematical base. Various GIS adopt respective reference systems and map projections adapting to the region and the scale, and all GIS corresponding to the state basic scales take Gauss projection as mathematical base in China. However, lots of practice have proved that large-scale GIS which take Gauss projection as space mathematical base have a lot of problems, e.g. large region can not be continuously visualized; Since spatial objects are digitized in respective maps which are discontinuous, complex map merging is necessary and is hard to handle. Gauss projection is not applicable for integrating maps at different scales over a large rang; the systems are limited to expand and update with development; It is difficult to define the third dimension and the time dimension in such complex two dimension measurement space; the fact that GISs use different reference systems is main disadvantage for both GIS's development and the form of the Digital Earth. The mathematical base of GIS is essential to unify the GIS established separately. It is also the premise for building the Digital Earth. After analyzing the status quo and the limitations of the space mathematical base of GIS, this paper points out definitely that the geodetic coordinate system is uniform, it can show the location of any point of the global exactly and uniquely in form of (B,L,H), it is the most proper reference system of large-scale GIS and Digital Earth. Moreover, this paper also puts forward a set of practical model of the standard map projection, that is, R multiplied L is X, and the product of R and B is Y, where L is the longitude, B is the latitude, and their units are radian. R is the mean curvature radius of the earth. The model is similar in form to the cylindrical equidistant projection, but they differ from each other in essence. The first one is the plane view of the geodetic coordinate system's horizontal projection, and it provides the exact 2D geometry measurement space on the global earth surface. The view system and the measurement space are separate in the model, but the latter is the plane view and the plane measurement system. Finally, this paper introduces a DRG system based on this model.

国家重点实验室建设始于1984年,截止目前,共建设国家重点实验室157个。国家重点实验室是我国基础研究的国家队,在基础研究、人才培养和对外合作方面做出了优异成绩。实验室建设增强了国家的科研能力,为科研提供了条件和物质保障;实验室吸引、稳定一支高水平的研究队伍,成为我国高层次的人才培养中心;实验室吸引、稳定一支高水平的研究队伍,成为我国高层次的人才培养中心;实验室促进了国内外科技学术交流,为科学发展创造了良好的氛围。国家重点实验室实行“开放、流动、联合、竞争”的新体制,形成了有利于创新、鼓励竞争的评价体系和管理制度,为科技体制改革积累了经验。

This paper analysed the region development history of Guang Fu met ropolis. We studied on the settlements development of Guang Fu metropolis a rea during 20th century using data mining methods based GIS and RS technology,data sources from SPOT,TM imageries and topography base maps(1:50000) were used. Four features of double core,life rhythm,J F(Jump Fill),TOD are co ncluded from the spatio temporal information TUPU of settlement in Guang Fu metropolis. Some problems of spatio temporal information TUPU future study are discussed.

This article mainly analyses the formation, development and trend of geographic science from both domestic and abroad. It review the developing procedure of geographic information science and raises the recent frontline to develop, as well as probes some important problems that will be faced in geographic information industrialization. At last it gives out some suggestions and creation in the development of geographic informaiton science.

Firstly, on the basis of analyzing various index systems for sustainable development, index system for sustainable development of Yellow River Delta is distinguished into index system I and index system II in terms of the level of the index aggregating information. The index system I corresponds to database and the index system II corresponds to model base. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive models for sustainable development such as multiple criteria decision making, risk decision making and system dynamics are discussed and a framework of integrated model for sustainable development of Yellow River Delta is proposed. Finally, research progress of the integrated model is reviewed and further study is prospected.

With the development of technologies of the computer graphics and computer-human interface, a new kind of Geographical Information System, Virtual GIS(VGIS or VRGIS), which is based on the traditional multi-dimensional Geographical Information System, is emerging. VRGIS extends the usage of GIS, at the same time, brings new problems for the design of the GIS. The data model always is important technology for any kind of GIS, same as to VRGIS. After discussing current researches of data model for VRGIS, the deficiency of the data model of current VRGIS is obvious. In the paper, a new data model for VRGIS is introduced in detail, in which the hierarchical structure objects are introduced in order to support the geographic data to be managed effectively by spatial database and to be displayed in the GVE. Of course, the new data model is complex, and is hard to implement in common commercial relational database. In the paper, the data model is implemented by a active object-oriented database system, moreover, the event attributes were designed as a part of the geographic objects in the data model with the help of the database system. At last, two application figures of the VRGIS system are illustrated.

The Space Image Atlas about the View of Hong Kong is a regional synthetic atlas. We believe the keystone of the design and compilation of regional and synthetic atlas in the Information Age should be the deep-process of resource information by using the RS technology, GIS, computer cartography, electronic plate-making, and four-color-pressing technology. In this way, more applied information production about regional sustainable development can be provided to the decision-making departments in government.

the conceptual model of coastal environmental system was put forward,the driving factors that affect on the dynamic change of coastal environmental system were analyzed,the theory to control the coastal environmental system towards sustainable development was discussed. The information mechanism to regulate the coastal environmental system was introduced. Coastal Integrated management is a main approach to regulate the coastal environmental system towards sustainable development,and is carried through on the basis of the information integrated on the support of geographic information system and remote sensing. The complex spatial-temporal model of coastal environmental system may be made on the integrated geoinformation in order to support integrated management and regulation of coastal environmental system towards coastal sustainable development.

There are some difficulties in sharing of resource and environmental information because of their multi-scope, multi-species, multi-significance and large data. Metadata is an important and efficient means for solving the problem. This paper has analyzed the current managing models of metadata of resources and environment. Subsequently, it discusses constructing a network-based, open and extendable metadata database management system and carrying out a management model of trinity of data users, metadata and datasets. Finally, a metadata management software MMT-1 has been completed by some advanced developing means and successfully applied.

This paper analyses connotation of the integrated model for urbanization in terms of the situation of urbanization in China and requirement to information integration in the new information age. On the basis of studying effects of urbanization on ecosystems, a system of huge data based sub models is proposed and major characteristics of the integrated model is described under the modern information technology.

This paper introduces strongly the main contents and functions of development frame for intellect platform of Digital Haidian .The main contents are as follows:① lay down of overall plan program and technical standard; ②The revision and expansion of basic information platform; ③The development of intellect administration system; ④The development of common service information system and ⑤soffware development of technical support system .The function development focus on The realization of visualization per subsystem and plan analysis and determinate ability of making policy system.

The study of regional spatial weight matrix is of very importance and indispensability in the research of regional spatio temporal process in spatial econometics.Nowadays,when dealing with the regional data, we turn our attentions from pure information storing or staticstical analysis to exploring their growing and developing law by spatio temporal dynamics models. In time dimension, they have their own movement law, but in space the effects from their adjacent regions, that is, spatial dependence, can't be disregarded ,either. And this spatial dependence is expressed by the spatial weight matrix in the spatio temporal process model. Thus constructing the regional spatial weight matrix is one of the key steps of creating regional spatial dynamics equations. In this paper we have reviewed a series of specification forms of the spatial weight matrix, such as binary contiguity matrix, distance weight matrix, a combination of distance and perimeter weight matrix, a combination of distance and area weight matrix, etc. Therefore spatial researchers are at a loss when facing the weight matrix choosing problem and resort to the simplest binary contiguity matrix. But the simple choice of spatial contiguity matrix is very disputable. Hence, in practical application how to choose the form of spatial weight matrix calls for further studies. Although the use of binary contiguity matrix in constructing a sptial process model is dubitable, its simpleness helps the analyst to construct the sptial process model and analyse the data easily at first stage. As for a map of reams of analysis regions, it's fussy and likely to make mistakes to construct a binary contiguity matrix manually. In the paper we come up with the detailed algorithm by GIS software automatically to generate the binary contiguity matrix, which has been validated to be feasible and robust.

The Dunhuang test site is situated in the northwest corner of the Gobi desert near the city of Dunhuang. The calibration area is (400×400)m ² and situated in the centre of a relative homogeneous and flat zone of (30×40)km ². During August to September, 2000, China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application (CRESDA) conducted a field measurement campaign for determining the characteristics of the ground reflectance and of the atmosphere. The results show that the test site has a very good homogeneity with a variation coefficient of the reflectance in any channel lower than 3%. The ground reflectance increases progressively from 0.18 at 485 nm to 0.26 at 830 nm. Atmospheric measurements show that at 0.55 μm the total atmospheric optical depth (about 0.34) and the aerosol optical depth (about 0.26) are relatively low and the effect of atmospheric water vapour content is also relatively small. These preliminary results show that the selected test site is well adapted to the absolute radiometric calibiration of in-flight satellite sensors such as CBERS-1 CCD.

After the Second World War, development of socio-economy and advancement in science and technology have dramatically changed the global health situation and, consequently, have changed knowledge of human on environment-health issues. More emphasis are put on environmental factors, especially population, health and social context, while stresses on diseases itself are becoming fainter. Since the nineties of the last century, the core of environment-health studies has been transferred to improvement of well-being, health status and body function from the traditional disease controlling. A case in point is the Concept Frame of Population Health by Russell. Mapping, which had ever played an important role in analyzing the interrelation between diseases and environmental factors and revealing causation of epidemic, can not meet the need of environmental changes. GIS, for powerful captivities in multi-source data integration and spatial-temporal analysis, gradually takes the place of mapping and becomes a primary tool to help professionals resolving environment-health issues and to help officials of health to perform multi-level administrating, policy making and tasks planning. At present, applications of GIS in environment-health mainly focus on global and regional environment-health issues, where buffer zone analysis, spatial analysis and spatial-temporal analysis are the three main kinds of techniques frequently adopted. In the way of environment-health management, application of GIS still stays at the exploratory stage and lacks support of systematic theory with many limitations to be overcome. The primary three limitations are data quality, shortage of GIS technology and lack of GIS knowledge for researchers and officials. The data quality is the most serious problem confronted us. It is thus clear application of GIS to management and planning on environment-health is a fairly promising field, whose target will be to integrate GIS technology with other professional analysis tools to develop comprehensive environment health management information system.