Although the promotion of scientific data sharing has brought an unprecedented research opportunity,it still did not get rid of the traditional research process that is "collecting data-downloading data-analyzing data",which has severely hampered the efficiency of research output and the needs of data for researchers has been changed into the needs of information and knowledge.In this paper,taking China's socio-economic statistical data,vector data of national fundamental geographic administrative divisions as examples,in conjunction with ESRI and Google's global maps and image services,we discussed the virtual data integration methods of geo-multisource data and its visualization analysis application,so as to realize rapid knowledge discovery and information acquisition.The paper firstly described methods to publish the map data and attribute data as web services and then discussed three integration principles of multisource web services for the heterogeneous and homogeneous data:(1) all the records of attribute data are assigned a unique number as key fields for the association with a spatial map shape,so that the spatialization of attribute data could be realized;(2) all the spatial data are preprocessed to be suitable for integration by unifying their projections and coordinate systems;and(3) the integrity and accuracy of the data published for web services are ensured.Following the above three principles,the data were prepared.After publishing different types of data as web services,a scheme of online data statistical analysis and visualization based on integration data retrieved from multi-source web services were designed and a preliminary application system was developed.The results show that service-oriented technology can effectively solve the problems of multisource heterogeneous data integration and have obvious advantages as opposed to traditional data sharing and application system.Although the service-oriented technology has turned to be mature,there is still a long way to go for the wide and deep applications.According to our study,there still exist some problems such as the different data units from different sources,the complex operation processes and the ununiform service specification.In future studies,more attention should be paid to the standardization of different services,intelligent operations and application packaging,so as to promote the construction of E-Geoscience and provide all-round services for researchers ultimately.

3D GIS has become a focus field of GIS study currently,and high-resolution satellite image is an important data resource for the 3D GIS construction.In this paper,based on the high-resolution IKONOS satellite stereo images,using the method to extract the 3D visualization information of the research area,including DEM extraction,orthophoto map making,3D information and texture of the ground building,the progress of the DEM extraction was analyzed and the errors of the DEM were corrected.A technical method that uses the ERDAS IMAGINE and 3ds Max software to carry on hybrid modeling was put forward.By complementing the advantages of two kinds of software,this method can accomplish the modeling work of the ground building better.Finally,based on the VC++6.0 platform,combined with the DirectX SDK,the 3D visualization landscape was firstly constructed from two aspects,including the visualization of terrain and the loading of the ground feature models.In this process,in order to improve the operating speed,the Level of Detail algorithm and Mipmap technology were used to optimize the terrain visualization and the texture of the models.Further more,the diversification of the smog was simulated by constructing particle system and many factors of the environment and production facilities that can influence the movement of the smog were calculated and added.Through these work,the production activities of the special facility can be inferred,so it can provide support for the decision analysis.

Family tree,official history and chorography jointly build the entire history datum in China.The family tree,also called pedigree,is much informative in society,ethnology,custom,geography,population,economy,people and religion.It is significant to carry the data mining and regularization work on family tree for reconstructing spatial-temporal pedigree,reproducing the civilization skeleton of China and developing the national culture as well as spirit.However,due to the lack of technology,the traditional record and expression pattern can not reflect the movement,rise and fall of the family in spatial and temporal space accurately.So Family Tree GIS conception was proposed and it is combined with GIS as its technology supporting.The spatial relationships underlying family tree are imposed and the reconstruction,integration and recurrence of the family tree is its core study content.In detail,Family tree data model and the spatio-temporal supporting framework are designed according to the characteristics of traditional family tree.And then,some key technologies used in building family-tree GIS are discussed especially such as SOA based on Web Service,XML and XML Schema technology,distributed GIS platform oriented the public and the Web 2.0,also technology of management and drawing mass vector data,technique of generation SVG based on DOT,asynchronous network calling and interaction based on AJAX,XML are discussed.Thirdly,the framework of family tree GIS was proposed and the prototype system was introduced in this paper.Finally,taking a family-tree as a study case,building,analysis and representation of the family-tree is discussed.The experiments have shown that the family tree GIS we proposed is a good approach for the study of conventional family tree,and it will be helpful for future researches on family tree.

Multi-source remote sensing data fusion is the development trend of remote sensing technology in depth. This paper analyzes in detail algorithmic application characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data from three levels of pixel-based, feature-based and decision-based fusion processings. Take Fengning County for example, specific applications of remote sensing data fusion methods in information extraction are illuminated. The data used in this study is firstly pre-processed, then the principal components of Landsat TM data in 1999 are analyzed, the first three principal components account for 97.8% of the total information, the resulted image of inversed principal components transformation is clearer and has more abundant levels. To extract information from remote sensing image, we select the fusion image from Landsat TM pan and multi-spectral bands after principal components transformation, color composition scheme of bands 4, 3, 2 and bands 5, 4, 3, and vegetation index and greenness index after tasseled cap transformation are analyzed, the remote sensing image information fusion with DEM and spatial data of GIS database can also improve the accuracy of remote sensing information extraction. Problems to be resolved and future direction of multi-source remote sensing data fusion are put forward.

Marine GIS has become one of the important developing domains of GIS sciences Both scholars in GIS and in oceanography are interested in it The basic representation is considered as one of the most important problems This article presents a data model to solve the problem It includes three database: basic database, data warehouse and database for marine phenomena; two data analyzing mode: data pre disposing and feature analyzing It uses multi level extended grid data structure with two kinds of global grid scheme One is equal angle, the other is equal area grid scheme They have some new marine chara cteristics.

With the advance of the society and economy,Landuse is changing rapidly.Which results in the difficulties in timely dynamic monitor and updating the information of land use using traditional methods.Therefore,A better method to solve this difficulity.This paper discusses the principles and methods for dynamic monitoring landuse changes and timely updating the database of landuse using the morden spatial information technology,which are called '3S' technology, and provides the system development model and technique system by studying on the application principle about implementing dynamic monitor and updating for land use change by combining RS and GPS. Change data delamination and integrating analysis,object-oriented superposition-updating process and establishing the data fusion index are key technologies.

自然和人为的灾害每年都使远东的中国和她的周边国家蒙受了巨大的经济损失。为了能快速地对这些灾害作出反应以减少损失,有效和及时地从外层空间监测灾害已成为了一项迫切的国家需要。为了改进现行系统的覆盖范围和覆盖周期,曾建议采用地球观测卫星网。然而,常规遥感卫星的高成本至今还使得这项建议难以实施。萨瑞大学的萨瑞卫星技术有限公司(SSTL)已经研制了一套性能高、寿命长的微型卫星,该卫星利用先进的对地观测有效载荷,具有较强的星载处理能力。利用该套卫星就可以极低的成本获得从空中对地球的常规观测。每颗微型卫星只需费用约250万美元,因此,投资不到1800万美元就能构建由7颗卫星组成的卫星网(星座)。微型卫星重量轻、体积小,只需一个小的发射器就可以把整个网发射到低地球轨道中。

Over the past two decades, with rapid urbanization in Guangzhou, urban fringes experienced drastically land use changes. In this paper, taking the Extend South Area of Guangzhou as a typical example of urban fringe, based on GIS (Geography Information System) and RS (Remote Science) technology, land use vector of the study area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 were interpreted from Landsat TM images. Dynamic degree, fractal dimension and stability index of each main land use type in each year were calculated. Results showed that: from 1990 to 2005, land use of the Extend South Area of Guangzhou experienced obvious changes under the strong forces of urbanization of core area in Guangzhou. According to the change characteristics of land use, two phases of study period are followings. Firstly, from 1990 to 1995, the structure of land use changed tempestuously. In this period, the increase of construction land and decrease of farmland was the main process, with great increase of fractal dimension and decrease of stability index. Secondly, from 1995-2005, increasing speed of construction slowed down, farmland and forest land started to increase, and increase of fractal dimension and stability index became slighter, regional structure of land use experienced a beneficial development.

Logistics essentially refers to material entities movement process with distinct spatial measurement and spatial characteristics, where integration and application of spatial information techniques and other modern techniques of logistics management are needed. This is a new interdisciplinary research fields where to extent spatial information services combined with web services and geospatial analysis to the area of logistics management, and then integrate the concept of spatial information services into modern logistics services system to carry out logistics oriented spatial information web services access, integration and application. What's more, the key point to analyze logistics spatial phenomenon from the geographic perspective. Based on OGC web service framework, this paper we have put forward design and built the architecture of logistics spatial information services mainly include the mechanism for service integration, high-efficiency call and service composition and the model of integration based on web services, which clear its inherent elements and the relationship. Besides, we designed and developed the mechanism for service composition based on Net-Petri and Logistics Web of web service engine, which resolved the problems of dynamic access, high-efficiency call and real-time integrate to the logistics spatial information services. This work provided a new way and measure to the spatial information services being further developed and applied in the logistics area. By this way, even though the logistics information system constructors don't have a professional GIS background, they can also call spatial information service in their own programs. According to our study, the means of techniques of integrating and applying the logistics spatial information services, which achieve the dynamically composited and collaboratively integrated effectiveness and the practical experience for logistics spatial information service system construction.

The geosensor networks system of mine ground disaster monitoring is a integrating system implemented by comprehensive application of geomatics technology, that is, satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems, satellite positioning, Georobots, ground based SAR, and sensor networks. It is of great practical significance to predict the mine ground disasters timely and accurately, in order to prevent and reduce the loss of mine ground deformation disaster. The main research contents of the geosensor networks system of mine ground disaster monitoring include data whole processing theory and method, geographic grid and function partition, data fusion, spatial data clustering analysis, disaster effect analysis, intelligent forecasting models and theory, spatial database and service platform system. Using time-series monitoring data of multiphase geosensor networks, the high-resolution satellite remote sensing monitoring data and the function partition data, the dynamic deformation field can be established over mining region based on the research of spatiotemporal variations, so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic deformation field by measured data and optimize the deformation field model. Finally we can develop the geosensor networks GIS system of mine ground disasters monitoring and realize the integrating management of monitoring data and analyzing for the purpose of mine safety production and ground deformation monitoring and forecasting.

Urban potential is a quantitative indicator to measure the urban spatial interaction. It is used to describe the interaction force exerted to any place in the region, while taking into consideration that the interaction force is produced jointly by all the other surrounding cities. Urban population potential is the potential that is measured and indicated by urban population. GIS usually uses points to represent the spatial locations of cities and uses the point attribute field to store their urban population information. Therefore, the most convenient way to simulate urban population potential is to build a spatial analysis model based on the relevant point data. Obviously, this method has some disadvantages: on one hand, urban point data represented by latitude-longitude pattern in national fundamental geographic information datasets does not coincide with the urban population centroids in reality;on the other hand, most cities are usually composed of a variety of mutually separated urban land-use patches and these patches interact with each other within their urban precincts. To overcome the impacts of these disadvantages, this study has designed a simulation technology solution of urban population potential based on urban land-use patches. It takes the independent urban patches as the basic spatial analysis units and propose a method to divide grades for those urban patches in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Then, a time-consuming grid surface of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established. The numerical simulation of the urban population potential in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is realized by making use of ArcGIS platform and modeling techniques of python accordingly. The method based on urban land-use patches could overcome the deficiency that the urban points do not coincide with urban population centroids in reality and it could reflect the spatial interactions of urban interior patches. Moreover, the simulation of urban population potential has further satisfied the requirements toward refinement.

The high-resolution DEM and DOM data is an accurate description of the topography and geomorphology, and it is also an important source data for landslide information extraction. At first,according to the requirement of landslide information extraction,we use the UAV platform equipped with mini SLR camera combined with the GPS data measured in the field, as the image acquisition method. According to the characteristics of the UAV images, we use the basic principle of photography measurement and computer vision algorithms to obtain the high-resolution DEM and DOM images, which greatly preserves the rich spectral and texture information. Then, with the help of the ESP auxiliary tool we get optimal segmentation scale of the DOM. Based on the fuzzy classification and SVM algorithm to construct a decision tree, which we used to achieve the object oriented classification and information extraction. Finally, according to the spatial feature and distribution of study area we determine the high risk area. By the morphology and texture analysis and accuracy assessment of the landslide area, we show that the producer’s accuracy and user's accuracy of the landslide area are 84.65% , 91.44%. The result proves that the UAV remote sensing has a high value in the field of landslide information extraction.

Soil salinization is the process of increasing the salt content in the soil. Salinization occurs when the groundwater table is between two and three meters from the surface of the soil in arid lands. The salts from the groundwater are raised by capillary action to the surface of the soil, and it affects human and natural resources, such as native vegetation and crops, animals, infrastructure, agricultural inputs, biodiversity, aquatic ecosystems and water supply quality in the environment. Factors such as climate, features of landscape, soils, drainage, aspect and the effects of human activities all impact on the severity and occurrence of salinization. Therefore, it is an important concern to evaluate and monitor soil salinity in order to take protective measures against further deterioration of the soil. Traditionally, soil salinity evaluation and monitoring are often carried out with intensive field work and sampling. Most previous studies have focused on differentiating salinized and non-salinized soil qualitatively by analyzing the salinity distribution and monitoring its dynamics. Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and modeling have recently outperformed the traditional methods. Remotely sensed data has great potential for monitoring dynamic processes, including salinization. Remote sensing of surface features using aerial photography, videography, infrared thermometry, and multispectral scanners has been used intensively to identify and map salt-affected areas. Salinization has seriously restricted the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological security in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China. Therefore, accurate assessment and monitoring of soil salinization is particularly important. In this paper, based on the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data and measured data, the soil salinization evaluation model was established by using the four evaluation indexes of groundwater depth (GD), salinity index (SI), surface evapotranspiration (SET) and modified temperature vegetation dryness index (MTVDI) in Yanqi basin, Xinjiang. Results demonstrate that: (1) BP neural network model for training was combined with the field measured soil salinity data and the best performance was archived in 4-4-1 architecture (R²=0.864, RMSE=0.569) in the three networks. Compared with traditional multiple linear regression model (R²=0.741, RMSE=0.767), the artificial neural network can improve the predictive accuracy of soil salinization. (2) Soli salinization is strongly associated with GD、SI、SET and MTVDI, and the soil salinization are the results of different combinations of different combination effect factors. Salinization is mainly distributed in low groundwater level and unused area. (3) Most of the study area was salinized in different degrees of salinization, and the degradation of farmland led to further soil salinization and secondary soil salinization.

Real-time and accurate short-term traffic flow prediction, a critical technical problem in traffic control and guidance which is challenging and needs to be solved urgently in related research fields and engineering practice, still remains because of the hardship caused by the uncertainty and the temporal variability in traffic flow datasets acquired in different times. In order to improve the performance of the short-term traffic flow prediction, a new method based on similar data aggregation techniques and a modified KNN algorithm with varying K-value (KNN-SDA) was proposed and the related algorithm was also implemented and tested on actual measured datasets in this paper. Firstly state vectors were generated from the preprocessed traffic flow datasets by calculating the optimal time delay with the help of the mutual information theory. Each of our state vectors is composed of two parts, the first one of which is a regular state vector and the second one of which is a modified state vector which makes a contribution to a higher similarity between our state vectors and those in training datasets. Subsequently a historical traffic flow database of temporal series was constructed on the basis of results mentioned above for further experiments. After that, the proposed similar data aggregation techniques were applied to aggregate and clean data to obtain 144 training data sets in different times from historical traffic flow database, which would effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. At last, the optimal K-values, each of which corresponded to a moment, were determined through the cross validation method. So far, the overall process of the KNN-SDA algorithm with varying K-value has been completed. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, we compared the experimental results derived from our method with those from three other ones. It turns out that the KNN-SDA algorithm with varying K-value proposed in this article can improve the prediction accuracy significantly and ensure high execution efficiency as well.

Land surface temperature (LST) and fractional vegetation coverage （FVC） are important indicators of ecological environment changes. Studying the temporal and spatial variations of LST and FVC as well as their interaction in Fujian Province are of great significance to the evaluation of ecological environment construction and improvement of regional ecological environment. In this study, the temporal and spatial variations of LST in Fujian Province and the interaction between LST and FVC are analyzed, based on the reconstruction time series data of MODIS 11A2 LST and 13Q1 NDVI from 2001-2015. The results showed that: (1) The overall LST in Fujian Province presented a slight downward trend from 2001 to 2015, and the downward trend of LST is more pronounced after 2010. The spatial distribution of LST and FVC had a good negative correlation consistency, which implies the LST value is lower in the higher area while the LST is higher in the lower FVC area. (2) LST is negatively correlated with FVC, DEM and latitude. And their negative correlation was increased or decreased regularly with the change of months in a year .The negative correlation between FVC and LST was higher in summer and became lower in winter with the correlation coefficient reduced from 0.7 to 0.4. (3) The decreasing trend of LST with the increase of FVC is piecewise linear and has an obvious "FVC inflection point". In front and behind "FVC inflection point", the decreasing trends of LST with the increase of FVC are "slowly first and fast afterwards" in summer and "fast followed by slow "in winter. Moreover, the difference of LST decreasing rate with the increase of FVC becomes smaller in spring and autumn. In summer, when FVC is greater than 0.4, the LST can reduce about 0.77 °C with FVC value increase 0.1, and the cooling effect is about twice as much as that when FVC is less than 0.4. Therefore, if we want to effectively reduce LST in summer, we should make the surface vegetation cover more than 40%。Only in this way can vegetation play a better role in cooling. (4) From January to August, the negative correlation of FVC on LST has a lag, and vegetation change has a greater impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of the next month's LST. This study has a certain significance for the construction and evaluation of ecological environment in Fujian Province, and provide an important reference for the development of vegetation to suppress regional high temperature.

Cadastre is a tool which is used to manage national land resources and assets.Traditional cadastre is two-dimensional one which takes parcel as basic management unit to administer land surface right,and its theoretical basis is consistency of the right nationality of the same parcel in the vertical direction,namely the ownership rights of underground,surface and ground space belong to the identical obligee.Due to the backwardness of the past economic development,land use mainly concentrated on the two-dimensional surface and it isn't necessary to extend land use into the third dimension.Therefore,traditional two-dimensional cadastre which takes surface right as core can satisfy social demands well.In recent decades,the rapid increase in population and intensified urbanization make the land use of urban areas,especially business centers under rising pressures.In order to provide more available space,city development extends unceasingly to the third dimension.Three-dimensional land use makes the subject of property become pluralism in the vertical direction,namely underground,surface and ground space can be stratified development and are distributed to different obligees.Tendency of Three-dimensional land use brings forth challenges to traditional land management theories and methods.Three-dimensional cadastre also needs a kind of basic unit like two-dimensional land parcel to register and manage property in three-dimensional space,this kind of three-dimensional basic unit is called property volume in this paper.We will take right entities such as land and property as basis,use right space as reference,research dividing mode of land and property in three-dimensional space,analyze existing form,dividing mode and space form of two kinds of basic unit,generalize theirs basic characteristic.Based on these substantive characteristics,we give the definition and representation of property volume,and test the correctness and validity of the given property volume.

中国科学院资深院士、第三世界科学院院士、国际欧亚科学院院士,我国著名的地理学家,卓越的地图学家,国内外知名的遥感、地理信息系统专家,国际国内学术活动家陈述彭教授,因病于2008年11月25日不幸逝世,享年88岁。陈述彭院士1920年2月出生于江西萍乡。1941年毕业于浙江大学史地系,并留校任助教,同时在母校攻读研究生,获硕士学位后继续留校任讲师。新中国成立不久,他来到中国科学院地理研究所专心从事地学探索研究。凭着对地球科学执着的探索信念、分析综合能力,尤其是对科学生长点的敏锐洞察力,他总是站在科学发展的前沿,热情指导和带领中青年科技工作者不断向新的领域进取。

In order to deal with the complicated operation and poor expansibility in integrating spatial data,we design a grid oriented Java GIS framework for the spatial data access and integration as well as the key technology of GIS grid service upgrade.Also we put forward a cross platform Java GIS prototype to combine the topological model,Java rich client framework and data grid components together with the uniform standard to build high performance grid computing oriented Geographic Information System as well as to provide a best practice for the realization of prototype development efficiency towards grid environment.

Object-oriented spatial data model better describes geographic phenomena. Due to lack of complete object-oriented database management system presently, it’s essential to study further object-oriented data-model construction under RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Based on theories of Model Driven Architecture, this paper studies the approach and technology methods of constructing spatio-temporal data model by event-driven, which bases on RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Firstly, a theoretical model of constructing object-oriented data model is built. Secondly, the definition and arrangement method of events and objects with the application of urban public traffic is studied. Thirdly, the object-oriented dynamic behavior model, temporal behavior model and software mode are constructed, and the executable ability of the models are validated. This paper gives a new approach in inter-perform among different frameworks and systems by applying Model Driven Architecture and event-driven method to build an object-oriented spatio-temporal model.

How to extract exactly urban information is always very important in the application of remote sensing.There are different methods of extracting urban land use information based on Landsat image,such as Normalized Difference Built-up Index(NDBI),Spectrum Threshold Extraction,Supervised Classification by computer and interactive visual interpretation;however,each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages in specific application.The main objective of this paper is to compare the efficiencies and accuracies between the multiple methods,and ameliorate these methods to improve their efficiency.In this study,we take Quanzhou city as study area,and utilize Landsat ETM+ image received in 2000 to extract the urban land-use information using the above-mentioned multiple methods respectively.By com-parison,the study result reveals that these ameliorated methods can work better than before,NDBI can extract information easily and quickly,and Spectrum Threshold Extraction can acquire high accuracy at the cost of complexity.

The Catalogue and Archive System, a basic work and important research task, is crucial for searching and browsing data in the remote sensing satellite application. In the first part of this paper, the characteristics of remote sensing satellite data catalogue are introduced. Then the actual status and remaining problems in some Catalogue and Archive Systems are analyzed. And the reasons why the operation is not efficient enough in these systems are pointed out. After discussion on the topic of the necessity of researching Catalogue and Archive System, several critical outlines of implementing a new type of Catalogue and Archive System, which are based on the new development of GIS and computer technology and being achieved by China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, are described. These outlines include: (1) Integration oriented storage method is adopted for remote sensing satellite data archiving in order to maintain its integrity and consistency. (2) Time-dividing storage method is used for system's high availability, high performance and easy maintainability, which are very important to mass storage system. (3) Hybrid storage mode is introduced in integration oriented storage method for spatial data management and application. (4) Based on consideration of the characteristics of remote sensing satellite data catalogue, some advices on how to design the database of Catalogue and Archive System are also given.

Tu" in Chinese words, means maps representing spatial information in graphics , also including images, illustrates and other graphic forms of representing spa tial informatic;"Pu"is a system built according to thing's characteristics or time series. Geo Informatic Tupu has two characteristics with graphics and pedigree. Formed from a great deal of geo information in digit through graphic thinking and abstract generalization, Geo Informatic Tupu is a means and method of using computer multi dimensional and dynamic visualization technology to display and reveal the spatial configuration and spatial temporal change rule of earth system and its elements and phenomena. Five parts are discussed in this paper, they are: 1. the basic concept of Tupu; 2. the discussion of Geo Informatic Tu pu; 3. the basic process and steps of building Geo Informatic Tupu; 4.the example of Geo Informatic Tupu complex Informatic Tupu of natural landscape in China. 5. the meanings of and prospects for Geo Informatic Tupu.

The essay generally introduees the green revolution appeared recently and brings us the concept of the green culture,lt also elaborates the value of green , the general principle of the green culture as well as the relations between the green culture and the other cultures.ln the essay,the author explorates the idea of constructing of the green community first time. It also shows the readers a green future which wle human being must correet the prejudice against geo-environment and ecocrisis caused by the anthropism in the past. We should read just and set a good relation between human being and geo-environment

青藏高原是全球独待的地质地理单元,素有“地球第三极”和“世界屋脊”之称。1964年以后,中国科学院先后多次组织对青藏高原及周围地区进行了大规模综合科学考察。这些考察获得了大量丰富资料和重要调查研究成果,填补了该地区的研究空白,取得了许多新的发现和认识,包括高原的形成与演化,自然资源及其评价等等。

尊敬的主席先生,朋友们,大家好! 首先请允许我向来自海外和港澳台的嘉宾朋友们致敬!各位不远千里,回到北京,传经送宝,我们表示最热烈的欢迎!中国地理学会和北京大学, 在抗战胜利60周年之际,筹办这次盛会,聚首北京,讨论“地理学与中国发展”的主题,意义深远。预祝大会成功!

Digital map represents an important symbol of Modern Cartography, and with it being the disciplinary core, there appeared several kinds of map products such as map databases, printed maps, electronic maps, mobile maps, and internet maps, etc., as well as variety of map developing and application modes. This paper discusses systematically the theory, method, technology and application of digital map. First of all, theoretic achievements of digital maps were expounded, and then the system structure frame of digital maps was discussed. Secondly, technological development of digital maps on data management, generalization, visualization and thematic map editing were presented. Thirdly, new framework of digital map products was raised up. Finally, some samples of digital map analysis and new way of applications were displayed. All this covered every point in the field of digital map research.

Carbon cycle model is an effective tool in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle research, through which people can study the key process mechanism of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and gain more knowledge about its temporal and spatial variation. However, there exist many problems in the application of traditional carbon cycle models, such as vast amounts of data processing, complex calculations, poor interoperability, and difficult to make it more widespread, etc. Using Web Processing Service standard which is established by Open Geospatial Consortium to publish and share carbon cycle models, realize cross-platform invocation, reuse and compose carbon cycle model service, can promote the development and application of carbon cycle models. In this paper, we followed Web Processing Service standard, designed the overall architecture of the online carbon cycle model service platform, and implemented the service platform through a series of processes: service interface designing, models and spatial analysis algorithm developing, Web Processing Service encapsulating and publishing, user interface based on browser client designing and programming, and so on. The online carbon cycle model service platform provided an amount of functions, including carbon cycle data and model service publication, service management, service invocation, service composition, asynchronous interaction between users and background processes, calculation status monitoring, model result visualization, etc. With a Vegetation Photosynthesis Model chain as an application instance, we demonstrated in detail the means to develop, encapsulate, invocate and compose carbon cycle model service found on Web Processing Service standard, meanwhile displayed functions and browser interface of the online carbon cycle model service platform. This platform can be applied to the field of scientific research, decision support, etc., to promote the use of carbon cycle models, thereby make them get rapid development.

Construction of 3D geological models is a very efficient way to create a good understanding of geological features. It is a comprehensive method to geologists, geophysics engineers and GIS experts who sometimes need to visualize an area to accomplish their researches. Geological drill hole records have been widely used as the main data sources in 3D geological model construction approaches. However, since the original drill hole sampling points are limited and maldistributed, it is difficult to construct 3D geological models that not only show favorable visual effect but also reflect accurately the geological structure of surveying regions. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a 3D geological model construction approach based on virtual boreholes. Firstly, according to the spatial distribution of original drill holes, positions of interpolated points are determined self-adaptively and Kriging interpolation algorithm is applied to the construction of interpolated virtual boreholes. Secondly, according to the pinch-out rules, the pinch-out virtual boreholes are constructed, and the improved self-adaptive butterfly subdivision algorithm is applied to the construction of subdivided smooth virtual boreholes. Finally, with the original drill holes, the interpolated virtual boreholes, the pinch-out virtual boreholes and the subdivided smooth virtual boreholes, 3D geological models of survey regions can be constructed, matching geostatistics patterns, being C¹ geometric continued, and showing favorable visual effect. Differing from the traditional modeling methods that regard virtual boreholes as complements to expert knowledge, the proposed method introduces virtual boreholes into each step of the construction of three-dimensional geologic models as the intermediate elements of the core algorithm, simplifying the realization process of the modeling algorithm effectively, and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the algorithm.