The construction of the forest fire protection information system of west Tianshan forest area is one of the integrative material applications of GIS(Geographic Information System) to forest resources management. Under the support of spatial information technique,database technique and the forest fire protection technique,based on the development platform of Arc GIS Engine,this information system was established with VB.NET computer program language.Its main structures include forest resources management sub-system,forest fire forecast sub-system,decision support sub-system for forest fire,losses evaluation sub-system of forest fire and sys-database.We can use this information system for practical applications,such as intelligent position of the fire point,information retrieval of the fire point,decision of extinguishing fire plan,exact estimate cost of fire loss,and so on.The results of the work provide a scientific basis for macroscopicl management and decision support on the forest fire matters concerned,and it would promote the technique innovation for preventing forest fire in west Tianshan forest area.

This paper recommends water recycling treatment project in Xiedao circular economic demonstration district,including technical process for recycling of sewage resource using aerobic-oxidation pond-sand filtrated system and geothermal water resource utilization.The project has been evaluated and investigated,which realized disposal utilization of waste and energy conservation and environmental protection,and came into being water cycle associated with planting,breeding and recreation & vocation,provided valuable model for construction of new socialist countryside.

Coordinates conversion for graphs is the basic problems for the development and application of CAD and GIS,as well as the most function for drawing export and construction of fundamental GIS and thematic GIS.It deals with unification of data standard,improvement of data share,and extension of data service.In this paper,the relative mathematical models and the methods of system implement is presented with the examples of CAD and GIS.

This article mainly analyzed the pros and cons of remote sensing database and several information retrieval ways that can achieve remote sensing data in a simple, convenient, fast search algorithm to meet the needs of users. Based on the existing image database engine prototype system which has, the author designs a kind of method for retrieval inquiry remote sensing image interior ground feature. This method takes the vector essential factor spatial information and the attribute information as the guidance, the fast accurate localization thing is at the image tile, which provides a feasible method for the remote sensing image effective management and the application.

Urban land use sprawl,as a form of urbanization,can reflect the development of a city to a certain degree. By interpreting remote sensing images of 1976,1989,1995,1998,1999,2000 and 2004,this paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of the area changes of the major built-up area in Nanchang. In addition,the driving forces for its urban land use sprawl are discussed. It is found,temporally,the course of the urban land use sprawl can be divided into three stages of steady increase (1976～1995),slow growth(1995～1998) and speedy development(1998～2004). Spatially,the sprawl in the main built-up area of Nanchang was inducted by transport condition and was restricted by the Ganjiang River. The farming area was influenced mostly by the urban land sprawl. Besides,as there are Ganjiang River beside of the Nangchang city and many lakes inside and outside of it,the phenomenon that the waters area was taken up was also distinct. Population,industrial development,use of foreign investment and policy constitute the soft-environmental factors impacting the urban land sprawl. According to the research on industrial development in central part of China,Nangchang is in its industrialization intermediate stage. Hence,the urban land use sprawl of it would last a long time. Besides,the orientation of the sprawl was affected by where the city is locatesd according to the transport and the natural conditions to varying degrees.

Coastal protective forest is a green protective screen for disaster prevention and mitigation.For government's management and decision,it's very important to fast obtain the dynamic change of coastal protective forest.In this paper,Zhangpu County of Fujian Province is selected as a study area.Multi-source remote sensing data like CBERS-02 acquired in 2005 and ETM+ acquired in 2000 were used.The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Non-linear band ratio(NLBR= B4 * B3 / B2,where B2,B3 and B4 are the green,red and near infrared red bands of sensors) were calculated.After analyzing the spectral profile of original bands,NDVI and NLBR of the coastal protective forest and other typical land covers in coastal zone,a method to quickly extract the coastal protective forest for different sensors was developed.We found that jointly using of NDVI and NLBR would effectively acquire the coastal protective forest.NDVI would distinguish vegetation cover from non-vegetation cover,and NLBR would distinguish coastal forest from arable land with vegetation cover.With the rules of NDVI> threshold 1 and NLBR< threshold 2,the coastal protective forests of 2005 and 2000 were acquired,in which the thresholds were determined from the scatter plots of NDVI and NLBR.This method is of reference value to the sensors with similar green,red and near infrared red bands.In the study area,the area of coastal protective forest was 2788.11hm2 in 2000, while that was 2462.28hm2 in 2005.From 2000 to 2005,the decreased area was 1332.04 hm2,which was 1.46 times of that of the increased area.The government agencies should strengthen the management and construction of the coastal protective forest,which will improve the ability to prevent and reduce natural disasters in the coastal zone.

Based on the case studies of long-term GIS development in urban areas,this paper introduces several policy recommendations for GIS participants.The authors collect quite a few successful urban GIS cases in China,US and UK.The experiences related to long-term urban GIS development and applications,such as organizational structure,project policy,project strategic planning and geodatabase development and sharing,are investigated and summarized.Several recommendations are suggested for China's urban GIS managers and decision makers: 1) to set up the project organizational systems,appoint the project leader,and establish the project implementation policy;2) to conduct a project strategic planning including requirement analysis,long-term system planning,feasibility study and investment arrangement;3) to manage GIS project from the perspectives of scope,quality,time cost and benefit;4) to develop geospatial database as a priority task;and 5) to pursue the tangible benefits of GIS,such as revenue,cost reduction,high efficiency and service improvement.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is an important parameter of soil environmental quality, and agriculture soil is easy to be interfered by human activities and also could be adjusted in a short time scales. The ongoing land-use changes in developed area in China have important influence on SOC (soil organic carbon) sequestration. In this research we take Wujiang County as a case, evaluated the influence of land-use changes on the soil carbon sequestration ability in the paddy fields. The land use classification in Wujiang County from 2000 to 2005 were conducted by a new methodology that integrates 8-day composite images (500-m and 250-m spatial resolution) from the moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensor with Landsat data. The maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method was used to conduct TM/ETM images classification. The vegetation index (NDVI, EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI) mask method was used to conduct MODIS images classification. The land use class map and the density of soil organic carbon (SOC) data from the 2nd State Soil Survey and the nationwide arable soil monitoring system (NASMC) along with county-level soil reconnaissance data were further used to calculate the soil carbon sequestration ability. The result showed that irrigation-based rice cultivation in the study area has induced significant enrichment of SOC storage in paddy soils. But carbon sequestration ability tended to decline over the most recent six years due to decreasing in paddy area and shifting to other land uses. The paddy soils have switched from carbon sink to carbon source since 2001. The total SOC sequestration in 0-15cm soils in 1984, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were 107×10³t,9.2×10³t,-8.0×10³t, -21.2×10³t,-49.2×10³t,-41.6×10³t and -49.4×10³t respectively. The results of this study suggested that land use changes have a great influence on topsoil carbon (C) sequestration, particularly on C stocks and C sequestration potential in paddy fields in developed areas of China.

The coastal zone is the belt influenced from land and ocean interactions,as well as human factors.So its evolution depends not only on natural factors but also on human socio-economic activities.It has very good instructive meaning to provide timely accurate coastal zone changes information for exploiting and protecting the coast and studying its ecological footprint.Using 12 periods remote sensing images covering 20 years from 1984 to 2004 of Longkou city,this paper extracted the coastline,the high tidal line and the low tidal line from different years utilizing different methods and techniques of data image processing and visual interpretation based on the characteristic of each RS image and checked up the extracted tide information with the tide data from two tide monitoring stations.On the basis of contrasting with the base line,the paper analyzed the law of the costal zone changes in both spatial and temporal aspects,and then discussed the major influential factor to the changes by analyzing natural and artificial factors.The results indicated that in addition to the artificial seashore,the general trend of the coastal zone evolution in the 20 years was moving to sea during the former 10 years and moving to land during the latter 10 years,and the changing extent was on the increase year after year.The protection against the tide came down by reason of the bank turning narrow and low,the tideland turning broad,and the gradient turning gentle.It was clear that human activity had great impacts directly and indirectly on the costal zone evolution.The most fundamental activities included infrastructure construction in the nearshore zone,the adjustment of the agricultural structure,and the unordered development of the sand dredging industry.The natural factors had been also found affecting the evolution of the zone,such as shore cutting and deposition,sea-water intrusion,etc.

Recent works on spectral band selection include two separate tasks: feature band selection and redundancy reduction. But due to the characteristic of hyperspectral data,it is not sufficient for joint entropy algorithm to select feature bands which aim at dimensionality reduction,for the band combination results it selected are in a series of space. To solve this problem,a new approach based on auto-subspace partition (ASP) was proposed. In this approach the subspace of all bands was dependent on correlation coefficient matrix among all bands,and from that we can get the relations among different bands about its spectral characteristic. In ASP,firstly,all bands were divided into different subspaces according to correlation coefficient matrix,then the optimal bands combination was selected using joint entropy algorithm respectively in different subspaces. The band combination results which were derived from our proposed approach were compared with those from joint entropy algorithm in the experiments. It has shown that the approach we proposed works better than the conventional joint entropy algorithms on hyperspectral data.

With the fast development of economic construction, LUCC are changing with each passing day in China, and how to acquire changing information has become one of the key technologies in LUCC research. Taking SPOT-Pan image and TM image as a case study, this paper discussed the methods of automatic detection for LUCC, and spectrum feature changing method, pseudo-color composition method etc. were analyzed and compared systemically. It is proved that the LUCC information can be detected efficiently and accurately by using the above methods and which are superior to the traditional comparing detection method by visual interpretation.

A new biorthogonal wavelet fusion algorithm was developed based on the absolute values of the difference of local area of the images. The algorithm was applied to the images of TM and JERS-1 SAR. The algorithm has stronger ability to describe the digital images' details and to compound the images' information than traditional wavelet fusion algorithms,and it needs less computation than those based on variance. It is a better way to preserve the spectral feature and detailed information than those algorithms of the PCA fusion,multiplicative fusion and Brovey fusion. The results of experiment show that the algorithm is highly flexible and practical.

Spatial autocorrelation is a very general statistical property of spatial variables, it indicates correlation of a variable with itself through space. Spatial association rule mining, discovery of interesting, meaningful rules in spatial databases, ignores autocorrelation of spatial data, or just generalizes the spatial data into attribute data currently. In most of the ways on spatial association rules mining, they transferred the spatial relations into non-spatial relations by virtue of spatial analysis. This means the separation of spatial autocorrelation from spatial association rule mining. In order to study the relations between spatial autocorrelation and spatial association rule mining, in this paper, the spatial association rules were mined by developed Apriori algorithm. Then, spatial autocorrelation analysis was implemented in the same spatial data set. A basic assumption of many spatial association rules mining is lacking for a priori information about spatial attributes. The two dimensional spatial autocorrelation results were used as priori knowledge in spatial association rules mining in this paper. The experimental data is about the amount of the hay fever (disease caused by pollen allergic rhinitis) patients and its factors, including temperature, precipitation and vegetation types of each county in the United Kingdom in 2000. The obtained frequent itemsets and the spatial association rules prove that factors have stronger correlation with hay fever (correlation coefficient is lager) appear with hay fever simultaneously more frequently in the spatial database, which confirms the existence of the effects that spatial autocorrelation has on spatial association rule mining. The analysis results not only point out the relation between spatial autocorrelation and spatial association rule mining, but also provide priori knowledge in the process of spatial association rule mining, making the mining process more targeted. Besides, without calculating the Cartesian in developed Apriori algorithm, spatial autocorrelation analysis can get the correlation coefficients efficiently, making the mining process more effectively. Further work would focus on how to evaluate the effects of the spatial autocorrelation on spatial association rules mining, how to find out the candidate frequent spatial itemsets from the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis in practical application.

Aiming at multi-level sharing demand of urban GIS data sharing and exchange platform system in city's public facility departments at present,and based on analyzing characteristic of file,data platform,systematic function and web service levels of four data sharing and exchange models,the paper designs a sharing and exchange data mode based on workflow technology which integrates the four levels.It then presents the application process of the model to the sharing platform system development of GIS on Wuxi so as to provide reference for other similar cities.

Urban land use change is one of the most significant expressions of land use and land cover change(LUCC).Urban expansion is the major form of industrialization and urbanization.Disaster Monitoring Constellation(DMC) is an international small satellite organization composed of seven countries.The data resolution it received is 32m.DMC can supply images of any place in the world and update the data fleetly by passing by the same place fluently each day.This paper based on DMC data and Landsat TM images,analyzed the structural features and spatial patterns of land use change in Beijing in the past 20 years.These TM images and DMC data were geo-referenced and orthorectified,using field-collected ground control points.A hierarchical classification system of 25 land-cover classes was applied to the data under the support of Intergraph MGE(Modular GIS Environment).The interpretation method of TM images and DMC data adopted is manual interpretation,which is intensive and time consuming but can ensure high classification accuracy.Finally,based on the above data,the effect of DMC data in land use classification and change detection is evaluated such as the classification accuracy and the spatial veracity.

After discussing the basic information characteristics of DLG, DRG, DEM and DOM, this paper gives an in-depth analysis of the function of 4D data in the monitoring and evaluation of eco-environment, including rapid dynamic monitoring of eco-environment, three dimensional displaying of eco-landscape, ecological simulation based on the integration of DLM and DCM, as well as multiple spatial and temporal dimension analysis and evaluation, etc. Then, taking Yunnan province as an example, this paper studied the technical workflow of 4D data integration and joint analysis on eco-environment monitoring and evaluation. As a result, a series of thematic maps on Yunnan eco-environment were produced, showing the advantage of 4D data in this field.

River network is a kind of natural fractal. It has become more and more popular in deriving basin characteristics from DEM. The Jinjiang River basin is selected as a study area. The river networks are extracted from DEM at a scale of 1∶100 000 with ten different minimum river lengths varying from 30m to 1 500m. The extraction is based on the function of the ArcGIS8.3 and ArcVIEW3.2 which can get much more information of the dimensions of the river networks. The fractal dimensions of the river networks is investigated by the box counting method firstly,and then the relationships between different minimum river lengths and fractal dimensions based on DEM are discussed. It depicts that there is a critical minimum river length for the determination of the fractal dimension of a river network. The value of the Jinjiang River basin is 150m. The results also show that methods of both box counting method and the Horton's Law are feasible to study the fractal dimensions and it is revealed that the evolution of physiognomy in the Jinjiang River basin is in its initial stage.

Chinese fir plantation and Masson pine plantation are two fire-prone fuel types distributed in Zhangping city,their fuel loadings determine fire behavior.Based on the calculation of mean vegetation fraction of each Chinese fir plantation stand,mean canopy closures are also estimated by regressive analysis.After careful comparison with the result of field survey,the original canopy closures of some fir stands,which had changed a lot,were corrected with the aid of remote sensing.Then,canopy closure,and other factors such as age,DBH,mean stand height were used to estimate the surface fuel loadings of Chinese fir plantation stands by the existing estimation equation,and each stand's combustibility,fire intensity and fire risk ranking were evaluated according to the result.Finally,the other fuel types of Masson pine plantation's surface fuel loadings were also estimated and analyzed.

At present,the air quality simulation has become a main concern in environmental research.The article mainly presents method to the structure simulation system for urban air quality based on spatial analysis model of GIS,especially discussing the integration and application of air quality model in detail by taking Fuzhou City as an example. Air quality simulation integration system comprises three sub-systems of air-pollution spatial data base,air-quality model system,and analysis and mapping system,primarily simulating mean concentration distribution of air pollutants on urban local scale.Of the three sub-systems,air quality model system is the core of the whole simulation system integrating emission,dispersion and photochemical transformation models of three kinds of air pollution sources of point,line and area.Area-source model and photochemical transformation model of air pollutants are two important breakthroughs.Area-source model which is built based on spatially finite difference method can efficiently simulate emission and dispersion from various agricultural land uses including grassland and woodland besides urban low-point sources and resident lives.Photochemical transformation model structured on the basis of O₃-NOX system is integrated into dispersion model of point source,line source and area source,which significantly improve the simulation precision of NO₂ and indirectly solve concentration field simulation of a second pollutant of O₃. Because dispersion process of pollution sources is simulated on the basis of Quasi-stability Gauss Pattern,the application of urban air-quality modeling system must meet three premises: 1) air sources emit continuously;2) pollution dispersion is independent of circumfluence from street canyon;and 3) only three time series of two traffic summits and one non-summit are simulated within a single day.

Based on the RS and GIS methods,we analyze the land use information from 1996 and 2002 TM images,then from both spatial and temporal aspects,we analyze the situation of land use change in the study area.The results are shown as follows:1) The land use structure changed greatly in Chengdu city during 1996 to 2002.The areas of cultivated land and un-used land have been decreasing.The areas of forestland and land for housing and other construction purposes have been increasing.2)During this period of time,the inter-transitions between different types of land use are very complex,mainly occurring among cultivated land,forestland,land for housing and other construction purposes and un-used land.3)At same time,the inter-transitions between different types of land use vary in different parts of the city.Meanwhile,the inter-transitions between the same types of land use also vary in different parts of the city.

Remote sensing technology has already been an important means of LUCC(Land Use & Land Cover). When the traditional methods are used in the land cover classification recognition, the large amount of operation is needed and the accuracy is not perfect. This paper mainly discusses the method of self-organizing neural network that has been very effectively applied to the remote sensing classification processing of land cover and presents its classification algorithm implemented by MATLAB developing flat. Finally, its accuracy of classification recognition is compared to the Maximum Likelihood Classifier(MLC). The result shows that the classification accuracy of self-organizing network method is obviously higher than that of the traditional MLC method, so it is an effective land cover classification method in remote sensing field.

Wall rock alteration and structures are important to exploration.Extracting information of anomalies from,and geological interpreting of remote sensing data,combined with field investigation,can map out the spatial distribution of wall rock alterations and recognize structures.This paper studies the ore prospect in the western part of the Lushi District,Henan Province,using ASTER multi-spectral data and SPOT5 high resolution data.Using techniques including band ratioing,principal components analysis,and spectral angle mapper classification,anomaly information on mineralization and alteration were extracted and comprehensive remote sensing geological analyses were carried out on the important metallogenic sections in the district,by which new exploration targets have been generated.

A four-factor quality testing model（RSTT） was proposed based on the quality testing rule,the quality testing template,the quality testing schema and the quality testing task.The RSTT model structure and topo rule core questions are emphasitically discussed.Based on RSTT and the four-level structural model,this paper deals with the key questions concerning the design of analysis system function module division,quality testing flow and magnanimous spatial database.Taking the nimbly customization of spatial data testing schema,batch and automatic data checking and zero code expansion of testing rule as the goals,the spatial data quality testing system LR_Checker has been developed.The testing with 40G spatial data of land and resources indicates that it is possible to reduce data checking work greatly and can control data quality effectively using LR_Checker.At the same time the accuracy,validity and rationality of RSTT model are also proved.

Supported by spatial analysis method of geographic information system(GIS)and statistical method,land use data of 1990 and 2000 in the Aksu Drainage Basin were analyzed.The quantitative and spatial characters of land use change during 1990～2000 in the Aksu Drainage Basin were studied and the main types and the features of the range and speed of various types of land use change in quantity and its spatial variation were revealed.This paper may suggest related governments to construct the infrastructures to economize water resource and improve the environment in the Aksu Drainage Basin.

In this paper, after image enhancement, composite, geometric rectification, mosaic, and subset based on 1∶100 000 topographic maps, TM data covered whole China was used under ARC/INFO software run in WINDOWS on the microcomputer, by digitally interpretation with individual menu, finally added up desert, sandy land and desertified land area in different provinces of China in 2000. Land cover type adopted three levels of classification system, the first level was classified into six classes: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water body, construction land and non-used land. TM data interpretation results showed desert, sandy land and desertified land area separately were 9 361 263 hm², 58 570 586 hm², 18 917 225 hm², and 12 340 694 hm² in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Gansu Province in 2000. Facing the fact that regional ecological environment has been improved, but on the whole the desertified land area is increasing every year in China, so quick and correct report of land desertified area to government by remote sensing technology has great significance to help making decisions.

The informationization of geological hazard and control is a major social development trend.It is a social problem awaiting to be solved,that is,how to utilize the past experience and combine the latest science and technologies to achieve the informationization of geological hazard monitoring.According to the working experience and materials at hand,the author suggests that geological hazard can be predicted by combining the computer technology with the information obtained from satellite remote sensing,geology,geophysical and geochemical exploration,seismology,ground temperature,deep structure,regional metamorphism,and earth crust movement.

How to extract exactly urban information is always very important in the application of remote sensing.There are different methods of extracting urban land use information based on Landsat image,such as Normalized Difference Built-up Index(NDBI),Spectrum Threshold Extraction,Supervised Classification by computer and interactive visual interpretation;however,each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages in specific application.The main objective of this paper is to compare the efficiencies and accuracies between the multiple methods,and ameliorate these methods to improve their efficiency.In this study,we take Quanzhou city as study area,and utilize Landsat ETM+ image received in 2000 to extract the urban land-use information using the above-mentioned multiple methods respectively.By com-parison,the study result reveals that these ameliorated methods can work better than before,NDBI can extract information easily and quickly,and Spectrum Threshold Extraction can acquire high accuracy at the cost of complexity.

The impacts of cloud, fog, and rain greatly increase the complexity of data acquisition for earth observation, which has resulted in the lack of remote sensing data in multi-sphere monitoring, in particular the continuity, currency, accuracy, and usability of those data. In the history of the Earth observation system, the cloudy and rainy environment has been the bottle-neck for monitoring the land and ocean surface. Only after implementing the all-weather and continual observation on the cloudy and rainy areas, our country can form a real comprehensive system of remote sensing applications. In this paper we propose the concept of cloud-prone and rainy areas remote sensing (CARRS) and introduce the progress in related studies in this field in order to encourage inter-disciplinary research to tackle the "bottle-neck" problem and to advance new theories and methods on the Earth observation system for cloudy and rainy areas.

Metropolitan region, which symbolizes the human civilization, is gradually formed by the long-term interactions of both natural and social factors. Especially in China, development of metropolitan regions has become one of the most significant strategies for its future regional planning. Moreover, it is believed that the latest trend for regional development should be spatial structure adjustment in order to increase the economic benefits, as global economy competition becomes even more striking than ever before. Currently, lots of metropolitan regions on our backland successively form and grow; the number of which almost comes to 30, including the three well-known entities, i.e., the Yangtze River Delta metropolitan region, the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region and the Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei metropolitan region. However, those experiences from worldwide metropolitan regional development show that it will be a natural principle that large amount of people and investment pour into super port-cities and bring through non-equilibrium of regional economic growth and dependence on the coastal areas. Therefore the planning and development of metropolitan regions should observe such a principle of social and economic development. The formation of metropolitan regions goes through long time history accumulation. When it was in agricultural times, these regions were inner ports containing large population and dense river networks. When it was in industrial times, they were outer ports connecting the world. When in current information times, they are developing towards modern airports and information ports. Only all sorts of ports integrated can they possess the whole functions of world-class free ports. It is the ultimate goal of regional economic development. From the view of the geo-economy, the metropolitan regions generally have obvious regional economic superiority and leading effect of the financial center, ahd occupy absolute proportion of GDP. Along with the unceasing expansion of commuter circles and capturing of the continental heartland, the metropolitan regions have broken the spatial -temporal distribution pattern of the administrative divisions, impelled the regional economic reorganization and promoted it to develop towards the transnational economy. The development of metropolitan regions is of extreme imbalance and each has its own characteristics, but generally exhibits similar development phases and regularities in regional heterogeneous pattern. Of the three big metropolitan regions, analyzed from the geographical location, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region has the humanities superiority; the Pearl River Delta region which adjoins the international metropolis Hong Kong, has the location superiority in Asia; and the Yangtze River Delta region has the potential of "butterfly effect", which unfolds the global charm to attract the whole world. Interior cities within the metropolitan regions also compete for key city intensely with each other. Since the differences in economic development level, development opportunity, location superiority and human factor exist, in order to enhance the metropolitan regional cohesive force and competitive power, overall planning should be made and different measures should be identified under the guidance of scientific development concept of mutual supplement of each city and surmounting their respective obstacles in the process of development. Dynamic monitoring with high-resolution satellite remotely sensed images reveals that these metropolitan regions have some common fault such as heat island effect, inversion layer air pollution, groundwater funnel, land subsidence, sea water invasion and green space insufficiency. In addition, researches indicated that these regions are extremely weak on emergency reaction. Considering the strong mutual dependence of industrial structure and the production process inside the metropolitan regions, in the planning and developing process of metropolitan regions, it should be kept in mind that early warning mechanism and emergency solutions should be established aiming at the serious environmental situation, and guaranteeing the sustainable development of metropolitan regions.

Aiming at the urban management cases of Beijing Dongcheng District, this paper pointed out that lagged information transmission, inactive governmental response, ambiguous allocation of responsibilities among specialized government departments, inaccurate application of management approaches, absence of effective supervision and evaluation mechanism are the main problems in the former urban management practice. Based on 100×100 m2 management grids, with an integrated application of computer technology, network technology, GIS and mobile communication technology etc., we created a brand new urban management model, namely 100×100 m2 grid management model, which solved all the problems at one stroke and realized accurate, efficient, full-time and full-space urban management.