Map drafting assisted by computer have brought about a deep technical revolution in cartography.Tremendous changes have taken place in digital drafting technology on reading, analysis, disposing, operation, manifestation, manufacturing and publishing.As development of global positioning system, Digital photo-grammetry, remote sensing technology, geographic information system and digital map charting will be also faced with a new opportunity and challenge.This paper discusses the theoretical and technological basis of digital map, and relationship with traditional map drafting, use and the developing prospects of digital map charting.

The oasis is a special landscape in arid desert, which plays the most important ecological role in arid and semi arid geographic system The matter,energy and information frequently exchanges at its interface, and it is the primary human habitat in arid regions The ecosystem of oasis is fragile, and with the intensiveness of human's activity, the system will be more unstable Based on the advanced technique of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS),it is possible to develop an integrated system to regulate the oasis ecosystem dynamically and to serve the sustainable oasis development This paper describes the concept, structure, functionalities and applications of the oasis regulation system A group of models were developed The water demand model can estimate the total water demand including each crop water demand in different times, ecological water demand, and other water demand The water supply model can calculate the available water resources of ground water and surface water, and the system balance model can balance the water demand and water supply by regulating the usage of water resource and landuse structure The system is established on the base of a database including the data of topography, weather, hydrology, land use, socio economic data and some other special data Multi temporal remote sensing images are dynamic data source The system will be used for studying the relationship between water resource usage and ecosystem development in oasis, and will be helpful for oasis planning, management, and monitoring for the purpose of realizing its stable and sustainable development.

Accessing and manipulating the spatial data efficiently stored in the enterprise relational database management systems is an important task f or GIS platforms and engineering Among the interfaces provided by Oracle, Oracle Call Interface (OCI) and Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) are welcomed for their outstanding advantages With a detailed analysis on OCI, OCCI and Object Type Translator (OTT), the authors set forward an object oriented method accessing and manipulating the SDO geometric objects in Oracle system with OCCI and OTT technologies, and conducted an experiment with Oracle 9i The method allows users to construct their own geometric model with inheritance from SDO geometric model, thus avoiding the spatial information transformation between SDO geometric objects and user defined geometric objects during uploading and downloading the spatial data Mo reover, the spatial operators and spatial aggregate functions of Oracle Spatial can be used sufficiently.

Records of Mountains and Rivers is a classical geographical book. West Mountain, South Mountain, North Mountain and Middle Mountain referred to in "Wu Zang Shan Jing" are all located in mainland China, except East Mountain for correlated records haven't been found in ancient books in the past 3000 years. Henrieffe Mertz, an American woman scholar, approved that overseas portion of East Mountain is located in America unexpectedly in her book of "Palegnk-Toso Oreient Records of Chinese Exploration in America"(1953), including Rocky Mountain, Nevada Mountain, Casketed Mountain and Coast Mountain. The distance among them, the number of apices, and species of their plants and animals are basically the same with those mentioned in Records of Mountains and Rivers. In masterstroke of the book she writes down"Records of Mountains and Rivers-Indian People-Effect of China-America-Discovery and Exploration of Chinese". It is emphasized in epilogue. "We have to show our respect for fearless Chinese, who were pedestrian to America across thousands of snow mountains and sheer apices 4000 years ago".

The spatial pattern of urban system is the result of the location selection mainly through the economicactivities and the population migration in history.Analyzed by some quantitative methods,such as density con-trast,nearest distance comparison and the spatial autocorrelation of city distribution,this paper finds out that thecity density becomes increasingly high,however,the difference between the three economic belts still exists andthe gap of urban development between them becomes wider and wider,though the spatial contact enhanced be-tween 1985 and 2001.The calculation based on the Moran's I statistics which is a global measurement of spa-tial dependence increased during this period of time indicates that the cities distribution displays a high degreeof spatial autocorrelation in the same period.By drawing Moran's scatterplot based on city distribution in China,this paper obtains a more disaggregated view of the nature of the spatial autocorrelation for the initial and termi-nal years,and by contrast,city distribution and its spatial lag can be displayed apparently.The information en-tropy value implicates there is an equilibrium development trend in China, which is an indication of rapid de-velopment of cities and towns in the period of concerned.

Through several years development, the conception and connotation of digital earth have been enriched and taken shape, in the meantime, they have also exerted profound impact on all disciplines of natural sciences. Based on the research contents and methods of the earth system science and geographical sciences, the research on effect of man-land relationship that digital earth produced has been discussed in this paper. Under the new technical framework, earth system science investigates the new man-land relationship, which is the main content of the digital earth and has become the necessary theoretical and technical bases of modern geographical sciences. In digital earth laboratory, we can realize the aim of providing a virtual innovation environment for the original innovation. The geographical sciences' virtual innovation environment takes data of different spatial and temporal resolutions, as basis, or megal data produced by fusing data about resource, environment, society, economy and population. These data are disposed from lithosphere to biosphere, to atmosphere, from regional level to global level, and from infer space to outer space which abide by a given geographical coordinate.The new technical system will be a fine resolution of the complex big system. The research can finish the actuality description, historical restoration and future prognostication through the knowledge innovate platform.

The outlet of water body of Dianchi Lake is located in the southern area, but the main pollution load is in the northern area. The flow of Dianchi Lake is always rush from North to South. Because of the slow lake flow, over 90% of the pollutants in the waste water deposit on the bottom of Dianchi Lake.Hence there are mainly two factors causing the pollution in Dianchi Lake. One is the slow lake flow, the other is the intruding of the polluted water. There are two ways to deal with the pollution situation. One is to speed up the lake flow,the other is to stop the polluted water from intruding to the southern lake.In light with the situation that the northern lake polluted the southern lake of the Dianchi,the new solution identified is to change the original outlet of Dianchi Lake by digging up a new canal and putting Dianchi Lake flow backwards to the north. By so doing, the main pollution load can be closed to the new outlet and kept away from the original one, part of the polluted water in Kunming city will not directly discharge into the Dianchi Lake. Even if the polluted water discharged into the Dianchi Lake, it is possible to let it rapidly flow out of the northern Dianchi Lake.In a word, the elevated potential of high water pressure can effectively prevent the southward intrusion of pollution load from northern part, offering a basic solution to the pollution problems of the Dianchi Lake.

2001年,章家敦曾著《中国即将崩溃》(英文版)一书,海外流传颇广。纵观中外历史,除非有外患或严重的内斗,粮食匮乏、资源耗竭及基础设施建设的朽坏等,往往成为国家衰亡的重要原因。张镜湖教授著文就中国大陆的农、渔、牧,能源,水资源及道路交通、航运与港口基础设施建设等方面作了扼要分析,现将其刊出,供读者判断。

With the development and application of modern science and technology, especially computer and Internet technology, the old maps bloom and are becoming more and more important in science and our every day life.In order to spread cartographic knowledge,enhance understanding and application of maps and adapt to the requirement of education on networks, we built the specialized "cartography website" which is now on test run on the campus networks.This paper introduces the main content, the function design and the building method of cartography website, and makes a tentative research on the design and realization of cartography website and webmaps.Cartography website is a professional academic one with function of education and entertainment to spread cartographic knowledge.So its design adheres to the principles of combining information with interest, and combining speciality with popularity.The content of the cartography website mainly includes walking in maps, webmaps, application of maps, digital earth, English columns, academic articles, news and interesting hearsay about maps, etc.Cartography website is tastefully designed, which has both scientific contents and abundant information and practical functions.Its principal functions include the interactive learning function of the multimedia cartographic knowledge, the browse function of interesting hearsay about maps and common information, the query function of webmaps and the mutual search function of map database.In order to realize the above functions preferably we settled the following questions technically: the combination of art with practicality in webpage design, the balance between visual impression and loading speed of webpages, the connection and use of webmaps, and the application of multimedia website technology.

This study focuses on the design and development of the Entironmental Information System of the Western Arid Land The code and structure design of the Entironmental Information System are introduced According to the characteristics of the environmental data, the database of the system was classified into 6 sub databases, including geographical vector data, hydrological and weather data, economic statistics, documents, theme maps and RS images or pictures, landuse or landcover theme data With the ArcGIS software of ESRI as the development platform, the system is built by the way of built in intergration, combining VB with ArcObject as the development language The system uses Geodatabase model to manage the attributes and spatial data A geodatabase (short for geographic database) is a physical store of geographical information inside a database management system (DBMS) Geodatabase provides many advantages in managing geospatial data, migrating existing GIS datasets from either Coverages or Shapefiles to the new Geodatabase format Taking the western arid land as an example, this article has built the Entironmental Information System of the Western Arid Land In practice, the choosing of data, the structure design of structure and the management and query of database are very important, which are also the values of this paper What's more, through the establishment of index tables and index maps, we can also spatially query the data like picture, text and remote sensing data, which can only originally be queried by attributes.

Using a new method and working flow,with the help of the ParGIP, a parallel rem ote sensing images processing software, and the ArcGIS software, we can quickly establish a background database of the flooding disaster region, which include remote sensing images and vector data The establishment of the background database can be divided into three parts The first step is the land use classification of the researched area and the boundary extraction of each class using ParGIP, in this step we can get the black white map of each land use class. The second step is the creation of the vector map of each land use class' black and white map using ParGIP, in this step we can get vector data of all classes very quickly. The last step is the creation of the vector data of the administrative boundary using AlgoLab PtVector software to scan and vectorize the paper map With the establishment of the background database of the research area, it will be useful to the monitoring and evaluating of the sudden disasters Using the SAR image of the disaster area, we can extract the flooding area from it and put it into vector format; then with the help of ArcInfo we can overlay different vector data together and get the different valuable results such as the flooded area of each county and of each land use class very quickly According to the experiment in the Poyang Lake region, this method can promote the speed and the efficiency of the monitoring and evaluating of flooding disaster to several times.

Sharing image processing environment(SIPE),which includes the technologies such as sharing memory, sharing processor, sharing hard disk, sharing display in a cluster computing node, and remote image objects innovation in computing nodes,is presented as a development/deployment environment and integration framework for distributed image processing and sharing application. It incorporates common sharing cooperation function services for developers to facilitate developing new application and integrating existing ones. The architecture of Spatial Information Grid(SIG) is also presented in this paper. SIPE also provides a reference mode and architecture that defines relationships between service components within SIPE, allowing them to seamlessly work together. Specialized SIG systems can be built by integrating domain-specific tools into SIPE to shorten development cycle and reduce cost.

中巴地球资源1号卫星全国影像图是利用我国资源1号卫星02星于2003年11月至12月接收的43景(CBERS-02星)宽视场相机数据,通过相关软件分析处理,影像增强,经几何纠正,采用双标准纬线等积圆锥投影变换,并经图像整合处理镶嵌研制的。其中WFI数据的相对辐射校正是采用02星发射后中国资源卫星应用中心新改进方法处理;其组合方案采用波段B11、B10和利用辐射纠正系数求出的绿波段(相似于CBERSB2波段),分别用红、绿、蓝合成的假彩色图像。该影像图是我国首次利用自己的资源1号卫星02星接收的数据,由图像处理系统较全面处理研制而成的全国影像图,它形象直观,生动地反映了我国地貌形态、水系、植被等

Land data are basis of land information system.It is a key and necessary step for developing a landinformation system through preparing,checking and correcting land data so as to make it fit into the system.Nowadays,land management offices,information centers or other institutes of many cities and provinces havebuilt several versions of land data sets.These data sets are of multi-scale,variant sources,different requests inland data precision,and are most important.The processes of data checking to make them work properly in landinformation systems are nonstandard to be reusable.Facing to the problems of how to standardize and control theprecision of land data coming from variant sources,and how to find a reusable and more effective data pro-cessing method to lessen the manual work of GIS data checking,in this paper,usual types of land data errorsare analyzed,and based on it,a general method of land data checking will be discussed which introducesmetadata and logic rules into the system.This method is confirmed to be an effective solution in land databasehandling while used in building spatial databases of Jilin Cadastral Information System.

Based on advanced techniques such as Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and Computer-aided cartography etc., this paper presents the significance and actual progress in landscape ecologic mapping at home and abroad, discusses traditional mapping methods and mapping criterion on thematic maps, design on modern computer automatic mapping method, map contents and mapping procedure of landscape ecologic maps. The mapping contents includes: (1) probing into or researching new mapping method and mapping criterion based on RS and GIS; (2) researching classification indexes and classification system; (3) researching and designing modern computer automatic mapping method and technology; and (4) finishing and publishing the 1∶1000 000 landscape ecologic maps of China, and mapping manuals etc. The research steps include research historical analysis of the study area, basic database construction, analysis of regional landscape characteristics, landscape classification and mapping, and finial integrated mapping. The maps of landscape ecology include 8 formats, the first one is color terrain map based on 1∶250 000 DEM and mapping explanation, the second-third one is ETM imageries in 2000, including typical field photographs and geologic profiles, the fourth-fifth one is characteristics analysis of several key areas, the sixth-seventh one is the main type map of landscape ecology, including classification system and legend system, and the last one is function division map of key areas. Based on traditional classification systems of vegetation, LUCC and FAO, the thesis integrates two important indexes of relief and land cover, and presents new landscape classification system.The study breaks traditional thematic mapping method of single elements, which can provide method of presupposition for finishing the 1∶1 000 000 landscape ecologic maps of China in future and integrate scientific research with productive practice. It can not only update actual basic materials based on RS data, present actual status of the study area, but also discuss ecological environmental problems, present reconstructing methodology or measures. So, the study has theoretical importance and practical application value.

sThis article is composed of four parts. It systematically describes the importance of the ecological environment dynamic monitoring and management information system, the goal of building the system, the principles and detailed contents of the system, the technical design and implementation method, and the significance and function of the system after it is developed. "Ecological Environmental Dynamic Monitoring and Management Information System in Fujian Province" is one of the major application projects in Digital Fujian. The project consists of three parts,i.e.,ecological environmental dynamic monitoring, ecological environment database, and ecological environmental decision support and management information system,which cover eight detailed portions, namely, Fujian ecological environmental remote sensing dynamic monitoring system, ground dynamic monitoring system, emergency response monitoring system, Fujian Provincial ecological environmental comprehensive serial maps, multi-media dynamic display system and electronic atlas, comprehensive information Geo-information Tupu, Fujian Provincial ecological environmental database, and decision support management information system.

Map is not a simply copy of the earth but the model of it, which is abstracted and generalized based on different needs after man's cognition of the world.Scale is one of the important properties of map.Scale not only establishes the geometry scale relation between the map and the real world but also reflects the generalization degree of people's spatial cognition.As a powerful tool of spatial cognition, the map's status is never fluctuated by other things.After all, the map's expression mode of spatial is more fit to man's thinking.Mental map is the inside tokens that comes from the brain generalized or managed many kinds of information.Map is the most important form within these information sources.This paper advances the concept of visual scale that adapts to visual sensation by way of analyzing process from visual sensation to metal map and the characters of mental map.And the paper expounds the effect of visual scale on founding mental map.Mental map is the mental product of man's spatial cognition of the world.It is the main mode for man to cognize and transfers the spatial information.As a mental element, the mental map's form is conditioned and affected by many elements.Reading map is the effective way to found the mental map and cognize the spatial information.Different designs and means and quality of map have different effects on founding mental map.The excellent map design can offer the mental map that is alike the real world.This paper discusses the map design's effect on founding mental map.Scale is another important factor in map design.And the appropriate scale can help readers to found certain measure (right) mental maps.Although the map's main scale is ensured,different reading conditions and different representations of the map can make the reader found different metal maps.The paper also debates the relationships of visual scale and mental map.

In the past 50 years, Guizhou province has collected a large number of data on its forestry, but, however,due to lack of unified standard, norm and digitalization the exchange and sharing of the existing forestry information have been hindered In constructing the Digital Forestry Information System of Guizhou, we processed the forestry data of Guizhou province using ArcGIS and realized the integration of information and system in terms of international uniform data standards In addition, we realize the three dimensional flying simulation of Mt Fanjingshan and the area from Guiyang to Huangguoshu, and construct the three dimensional digital landscape model and the three dimensional forest resources distribution model of Guizhou province This can hopefully facilitate information sharing and exchange.

Marine GIS has become one of the important developing domains of GIS sciences Both scholars in GIS and in oceanography are interested in it The basic representation is considered as one of the most important problems This article presents a data model to solve the problem It includes three database: basic database, data warehouse and database for marine phenomena; two data analyzing mode: data pre disposing and feature analyzing It uses multi level extended grid data structure with two kinds of global grid scheme One is equal angle, the other is equal area grid scheme They have some new marine chara cteristics.

Data information publishing in Grid-GIS, one of the key technologies of Grid-GIS realization, is publishing the stored data information in GIS database with the means of Grid. It has such characters as all-purpose in realization, high-powered in publishing, easy-realization and publishing software reuse. Data information publishing in traditional WebGIS is realized by ways of CGI, API, JDBC, ASP, JSP etc. Any one of this methods has it's deficiency in publishing, such as it's heavily relying on the Web server makes Web server heavily laden, low intelligence, and difficulty to realize in heterogeneity database. Software Agent as an intelligent software, can continuously and independently work in the Web. Middleware is also a software which has such characters as standard communication protocol, distributed computing and transparent manipulation of Web, hardware, and software systems. So it can meet the need of highly computing and independence of hardware and operation system. Agent and Middleware provide basis for of the Grid-GIS realization. In this paper, the character of data information publishing in Grid-GIS was discussed. According to the characters of Grid-GIS, a new method, using the Agent and Middleware to realize the publishing of data information,was also discussed. In order to achieve this purpose the authors design such Agents as Login Manager agent, Grid-Web Interface agent, Messenger Agent, Task Manager Agent and Database Interface agent.

Component software development has become one of the main technique trends nowadays. Development technique based on COM-GIS has been widely used in GIS projects. Precision agriculture is the classic application for integrated GIS,GPS and RS,and this application needs support of farm GIS software. The paper studies the R&D of Precision Rice Cultivation Information System (PRC/INFO),which is used in China Precision Agriculture Experimental Unit in Shanghai.The paper analyses the key technologies and information procedure of precision rice cultivation initially. PRC/INFO can be decomposed by 5 parts in its general design based on its business logic. They are Attribute DB Management,Cropland GIS Management,Decision-making System of Rice Cultivation,Economic Evaluation System and System Integration. All the modules are organized in an integration system. Cropland GIS system provides the I/O interface and APIs for the whole platform. PRC/INFO is designed to be supported by ComGIS technology on the foundation of cropland GIS module. The platform is developed by Object-Oriented programming language. Its integrated development environment includes MS Visual Basic 6.0 components,SuperMapIII GIS components and lots of rice cultivation models. ComGIS development technology’s advantages are proved suitable to PRC/INFO in the development experience.

Agricultural land grading is still in the experimental stage and its technical routes and methods arestill discussed up to date.And there are no full-blown and self-contained agricultural land grading system atthe present time.It is very important to set up an agricultural land grading system to make grading systematiza-tion and automatization.In accordance with this situation,the author explains the necessity and feasibility ofsetting up an intelligentized and roboticized system.Agricultural land grading information system which inte-grates GIS and ES,and then based on the principles of grading,classifying and pricing agricultural land andcomposite type geographic information system(COMGIS)and computer technology,the prototype of general in-formation system of grading,classifying and pricing cropland is developed.Studies on the grading informationsystem was made using the coefficient revising method of agricultural land,based on VC++6.0 and ActiveX ofMO 2.0.This system is suitable for evaluating cropland under Chinese conditions.The modules included areprojects managing,classifying,grading,pricing,layer managing,system tools,view managing,production putout,consultation,windows and help etc.It has powerful functions in managing attributive data sets and spatial datasets,grading,classifying and pricing cropland and outputting achievements etc.,the storage of related data andtheir retrieval and statistical analysis.Various data and picture files concerning agricultural land can be provid-ed at user's request.Its interface is friendly,and the operation of the system is simple and convenient.It canrealize automatic grading,classifying and pricing agricultural land,and offer the friendly and convenient com-puter business management tool for land and government administrative department of different levels.

It is significant to integrate and standardize the government affair information sources in the process of implementing electronic government. In this study, we analyzed the digital situation of Fujian provincial government affair information sources, then brought forward a series of criterion, classification system, exchange means and service modes for information standardizing and sharing in digital Fujian project. In order to integrate those differently-constructed databases which were divided into spatial database, relation database, file data and multimedia database and were distributed on each office or each profession, we designed and developed an electronic government sharing system in Fujian province based on XML Web services technology. The system made best use of the advantage of Web services which were used to transform all kinds of data into XML format, then integrate data with application system. The result of this study achieves integration of information and application, and improves the level of government affair information sharing utilization and service.

Urban Population Geo Information System(UPGIS), a product in the wave of computer technology since the 1990s, is one of the most advanced applied information technologies in the world.Based on database system and combination of population information with geographic imformation, UPGIS is a kind of dimension- distributional management information system, being concise,distinct and visualized.So far,UPGIS has been widely adopted by some developed countries.In order to meet the need of future achievements in Qingdao, Qingdao Statistical Bureau, Population Resource Environment and Geographic Information System Research Center of Xiamen University and Xiamen KingMap Information Technology Ltd.,jointly developed the Qingdao Urban Population Geo Information System(Qingdao UPGIS) Population.Applied current computer technology, especially GIS technology, and based on data of the Fifth National Census of Qingdao, this system covers statistics, demograph,geography,administrative management and up-to-date research results at home and abroad.All macro statistics since 1978,such as population, industry,agriculture,tertiary industry,transportation, science and technology,education,tourism and foreign trade,which have been archived,analyzed and organized in good order according to the standard of Five Geographic Districts, have been integrated into different scales of electronic maps.Qingdao UPGIS,which consists of composite and intersectional analysis of all related demographic and geographic marco-and micro- factors is not only characterized by statistical and topographical accuracy,but also can be used as computer management and decision-assistant information system favorable for predicting and evaluating all social activities.Through this GIS, the operators could:·acquire information such as the number, composition, quality and distribution of population in any district;·print out various demographic lists,graphics and longevity lists of any administrative districts superior to villages and towns;·predict future transformation of any demographic index and forecast the change of sex radio, infant mortality and aging problem.All data and results of this UPGIS are reasonable, so the analysis offers reliable data for decision-making of municipal government and social activity participants. Integration of information of population and geography,as well as application of mathematical-statistic and data-digging method,increase the flexibility and practicalization of this UPGIS. For instance,data of number, structure and distribution of BASIC UNITS in any district, plus the Five Geographic Districts could contribute to Qingdao information system of BASIC UNITS CENSUS.Therefore, UPGIS is appropriate for all fields, education, insurance, sanitation, police,real estate and business and so on. All sub-systems stemming from this UPGIS could promote the development of economy and society.

Over the past few years, digital process to map design and making has become popular.Several of map symbol patterns were introduced into the manifest on screen and widespread with the network.So, there is the urgent need to promote the guideline or standard for electronic maps compilation, especially in symbology and the related database design, to ensure the information of the geographical entity carried on the symbol right convey on the map, and to be recognized by the map reader in various fields.For the challenging work on map symbols, the useful and effective ideas in the international reference and local domestic document related with map symbols were introduced and with careful evaluation.According to the characteristics of screen manifest of electronic map, the past map legend for paper media topographic map or general geographical base map would be improved for the specific visual environment, especially on the usage of color, the shape of elements of symbol, and the complex composition of map elements.As the research conclusion, the list of symbol system divided into 2 catalogs of content list and shape list.The map symbol content list is mainly derived from existing standards about the fundamental geographical feature catalogue, with the addition of new coming features like highway facilities, entertainment facilities, etc.the visual element of color is recognized as the first to distinguish the high level feature catalogue, such as river, boundary, residence, road and railway, etc.For more, the different effects of other visual variables, such as shape, size, fill texture, on the symbol of electronic map was discussed with the practice on the compilation of fundamental geography base maps, and forestry maps, with the popularized GIS software of ARCGIS.The proposed standard on the symbol list is in the evaluation stage and would be improved with worthwhile comments from the cartographic colleagues.

This paper analyzes the new environment and the new role on city management at information age Combining the characteristics of Digital City,a new mode of the space governance on Digital City is discussed From the background of city management facing globalization,pluralization,informationization,network, intelligentialization,the macroscopical requirement & developmental inevitability of the space governance are demonstrated on Digital City The author suggests the connotation of the space governance and major task of space admittance & space management on Digital City According to the task & target of information collection,information management,decision making service,decision making application in the space governance,the system structure of the space governance is designed on Digital City.

To meet the development requirement of tourist industry in Anhui, bring tourist industry into a new supporting industry and construct much better tourist circumstances,through coordinated development, this article studies and designs Anhui tourism information system supported by GIS It mainly explains the designing aim and principle, constructing process, primary function and the characteristic of the system based on GIS technology The successful construction of the system will benefit large numbers of users and have an important influence on both the development of Anhui tourism and the improvement of its soft circumstances.

GIS is evolving into a heterogeneous, distributed and loose-coupled environment. There has been a strong expectation for the GIS platforms and applications to support collaboration. But the existing GIS software seldom sees the powerful capability to make it. Referencing the development trends of the computer support cooperative work, we set forward in this paper a system architecture for collaborative GIS. Compare with N-Tier architecture, it puts more emphasis on the collaborative logic in every layer. Collaborative logic in different layers has different research topics. The main topic of collaborative logic in data service layer is to support concurrency access data under the environments of multi-user and multi-database, e.g. concurrency control of R-tree, spatial data phantom, and concurrency control on multi-user editing. It in business logic layer is to make resources in client and server use reasonably, e.g. load balance, message control, workflow control, and transaction management. It in presentation layer is to realize collaborative visualization, e.g. collaborative virtual geographic environments, cooperative mode of colony. The CoGIS is a new and important development direction of GIS. It is thus necessary to develop more methodologies and techniques to support CoGIS.

One of the tasks of ocean color remote sensing is the measurement of marine primary production variation with time and space,whose important index is chlorophyll concentration of phytoplankton. The study on the inversion model of chlorophyll by remote sensing has been carried out for more than 30 years,and the main method is based on the ratio of blue and green channels. With the development of new ocean color remote sensors and new inversion methodology,the method based on fluorescence line high and neural network has being developed. In this paper,the neural network inversion is studied by means of the data set of global chlorophyll and in-situ radiance which was collected by SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Algorithm Mini-Workshop (SeaBAM). Finally,the result by neural network in the study is compared with that by Sea BAM’s empirical inversion.

The technology of logistic management is fastly developing enhanced by modern science and technol-ogy.The information flow is more important than ever before among logistic flow,business flow,capatial flowand information flow.The key of successful logistic management depends on the precision and real time.In thearticle,the author firstly introduced the logistic management technology,spatial information technology and theintegration of the two technologies mentioned above,and then introduced the basic architecture of CORBA andits advantages in computing distributed objects.Applet,one of java applications running in web browser,is suit-able for the characteristics of comprehensive operation of logistic management system.The architecture of spa-tial logistic platform was designed based on Applet-CORBA.The author finally analyzed the graphic user inter-face tier,business logical tier and enterprise information system tier respectively.