The classification of eco-environmental TuPu underpins the rational development and treatment of natural resources and the research of geo-information TuPu.Taking systematic analysis as its train of thought,this paper is designed to set up a classification system of comprehensive eco-environmental information TuPu,on the basis of the summary and contrast analysis of land use by the predecessors and the classification studies of land cover,vegetations,landforms,landscape and eco-environment etc.,in the light of methodology of geo-informatic TuPu and with the aid of the technique of RS and GIS.As the elements of basic geographical structure,landforms and wide range of temperature conditions are natural bases that can’t be changed on a large scale by mankind under present technical conditions.The regional disparities of these factors make different environment occupy a certain regional space.Thus,it’s imperial to first distinguish different environment districts and to consider,on the basis of which,the functions of nature and human elements in an all-round way.Namely,the comprehensive functions of water and heat factors determine the main categories of macro ecosystem such as forest,grassland,desert,etc.Human activities further check the advance directions of natural ecosystem.Therefore,the first-level classification is made according to the vegetations and land use conditions.The second one is made in line with eco-environmental problems caused by human beings and exploitation methods used by mankind.Finally,it comes up with the classification system of eco-environmental TuPu,taking Fujian Province as an example.

Object-oriented spatial data model better describes geographic phenomena. Due to lack of complete object-oriented database management system presently, it’s essential to study further object-oriented data-model construction under RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Based on theories of Model Driven Architecture, this paper studies the approach and technology methods of constructing spatio-temporal data model by event-driven, which bases on RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Firstly, a theoretical model of constructing object-oriented data model is built. Secondly, the definition and arrangement method of events and objects with the application of urban public traffic is studied. Thirdly, the object-oriented dynamic behavior model, temporal behavior model and software mode are constructed, and the executable ability of the models are validated. This paper gives a new approach in inter-perform among different frameworks and systems by applying Model Driven Architecture and event-driven method to build an object-oriented spatio-temporal model.

This paper investigates the actuality of teaching materials of GIS specialty in China. It analyzest,from different applied areas,the specialty and the hierarchical status of the students to whom the teaching materials are suitable,and then analyzes the reason of it. It also introduces the geographic distribution status of the teaching materials and the working place distribution status of the authors. Finally it discusses the problems and reasons in the constructing process and puts forwarol some suggestions and opinions to improve the quality of the teaching materials.

With the development of digital camera technology, the film-oriented airborne remote sensing platform is developing toward digital imaging platform. With the application of the latest aerial digital camera with CCD as its core in China,we analyse the imaging process, imaging model, geometrical distortion and its computing of digital image by CCD camera of whisk broom model in the middle-high space. According to the research of the imaging model of slantwise central projection, we bring forward the system correction method which is based on the imaging model of slantwise central projection in column with the flight displacement, correct the image geometrical distortion which is resulted from the installing obliquity and the flight displacement, and then test the necessity and the validity of the system correction by verifying the image mosaics.

The research and application of runoff yield and runoff in small watersheds in China are reviewed, compared and analyzed. Theoretical basis to construct the models of runoff yield and runoff is explored. Runoff unit hand method corresponding to physical characters and water flow mechanism is studied. New theory, methods and current trends produced by runoff yield and runoff in small watersheds in combination with remote sensing to apply to practical engineering are introduced. Finally, the above problems are systematically analyzed by using system theory, control theory and inverse problem.

Since reservoir flood prevention control is very complicated,it is necessary to apply information technique to support flood prevention control decision.Informationization of Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control mainly includes the following contents:(1) acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measure technique,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc;(2) constructing digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment;(3) simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive history data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models;(4) providing flood prevention control suggestions for reservoir supervisor.By acquiring basal reservoir data or flood data by full-digital photography and measurement techniques,remote monitoring,remote sensing,geographical information system,GPS,etc,digital reservoir flood prevention control management information system and three-dimensional virtual reservoir environment could be constructed.And then through simulating and analyzing the scheme of reservoir flood prevention control based on massive historical data analysis and scientific calculation according to professional reservoir flood prevention mathematic models,flood prevention control suggestions could be provided for reservoir supervisor.By introducing the research and software development of "Tingxi Reservoir Flood Prevention Control Management Information System",this thesis gives a detailed explanation about how to apply Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System technique in Big Reservoir Flood Prevention Control.

Tobacco planting is the only primary industry which has been fully controlled like an industry and the scientific management scheme of industrial enterprise has been implemented in China.Hence it can be considered as the most possible trade to implement recycling organic agriculture.Taking Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province as an example,this paper designs and develops a monitoring and decision sustainable system for organic agriculture based on WebGIS for the purpose of promoting information process in tobacco planting and providing ecological technological tools for the decision support and sustainable development of tobacco planting.

Geomorphology is one of the most important components of physiographic environment.Traditional geomorphologic mapping method mainly depends on handwork and field surveying;this mapping method needs enormous human work,and long mapping time.Therefore,this method does not satisfy the needs of information age.With the rapid development of RS and GIS,more and more geomorphologic mapping can be gotten and finished by means of Remote Sensing data indoor in a shorter period of time.This research summarizes the achievements of geomorphologic classification and mapping methodology,and puts forward the concept of digital geomorphology,including digitalization,updating,dynamic and systemic features,which can store all of the geomorphologic information,even update them.New geomorphologic classification system utilizes many layers and classification methodology,which can divide continental landform into seven layers,i.e.,altitude and undulating degree basic formation causes,sub-causes,morphology,sub-morphology,slope and aspect,and matter composition.And information integration can be divided into loose and tight ways.There are several characteristics of the digital geomorphology,including digitalization and quantification of all geomorphologic information,spatial analysis,dynamic features and geomorphologic system.Digital geomorphology can play important roles in agricultural production,environmental protection,construction of national defense,etc.

This article discusses about the thereunder of choosing the optimum semivariogram models and setting the key parameters based on ARCGIS and GS+software from characteristics and laws of data through understanding the ordinary Kriging interpolation theory, and carries through an in-depth exploratory spatial data analysis taking the spatial interpolation to January average temperature of Fujian province as an example, using the obtained parameters and semivariogram models to simulate the spatial distribution of January average temperature of Fujian province. The aticle offers a clear way for reasonable spatial interpolation.

Modern map & cartography is the necessary result of the traditional map and cartography which have developed on the modern stage. This paper mainly studies the fundamental conceptions and subject system of the modern map and cartography. Considering the fundamental issues such as the characteristics,functions and their extensions,inscapes/basis and their extensions of modern maps,as well as the classifications and their extensions of cartography,this paper analyzes the domestic/overseas development and evolvement of the conception & definition of the modern map & cartography,giving its refined and precise conception & definition,and discusses its subject structure of modern cartography and the fundamental denomination from tradition to modern interim. Finally,this paper prospects the future development in cartography.

Mound tombs in Huzhou area of Zhejiang Province are widely distributed with large quantities. Establishing interpretation sign of the mound tomb's image which matches the real situation of the north of Zhejiang Province is the key technology to investigate, discover and study mound tombs. There are several kinds of mound tombs. This article summarizes the distribution of mound tombs and the image characteristics of many kinds, and also studies the images of other tombs and ground objects which are easily confused with mound tombs. Based on these work, the imaging mechanism of the tombs have been analyzed and summarized

This paper discusses the framework of geological disaster risk appraisal project for which a file system was set up based on J2EE and ArcIMS,as well as the main points of the system design and the realization technical route.Meanwhile the key points of the system implemention are analyzed briefly.This system with a three-tier architecture,which brings good compatibility and expansibility,is implemented based on the idea of modular design.The software technologies applied in this system include Struts,database,network,and WebGIS based ArcIMS.This distributed software system combines the basic functions of GIS system with automatic approval flow management.This system can effectively provide the assistance decision-making support and the information issue service for the functional department of the geological disaster risk evaluation project.

The general characteristics of information flow and material flows in the circlic economic system,especially the impacts of the circlic economy on environment and the environmental information,were analyzed.The theories and methodology of environmental informatics were discussed briefly.Then a more particular analysis of the content,function of environmental informatics oriented-circlic economy and particular issues in the research activities of environmental informatics were dealt with.

The naissance of geo-information TuPu is accompained with geo-information knowledge innovation,and the construction of geo-information TuPu is a cognizing process of studying geo-science object.Based on construction and analysis of the Shaanxi urban and transportion informatic TuPu,this study points out that distribution law of Shanaxi urban grid is symmetric,and the distribution law of its transportation layout is line symmetric.The analysis of target shape TuPu of big cities centered around Yan'an in China suggests to develop Yan'an into a big city to drive economic development of northern Shaanxi.The conclusion is to formulate Shaanxi provincial urban and transportation scientific development programme with the guidance of urban and transportation informatic TuPu.

Based on the remote sensing image of 1977,1990 and 2003 in research area,land use and land cover data were obtained. With the spatial analysis module of GIS,the character of land use and land cover change was analyzed. The change of landscape metrics were analyzed using the landscape analysis software FRAGSTATS. The results showed that: the main type of land use in Madoi county is grassland,nearly 77.93% of the total area. Grassland was degraded to sand. The landscape change showed that landscape fragmentation process is descend in prophase and ascend in anaphase. The patch shape becomes more complex with increasing landscape diversity.

This article analyses the aerial image, QuickBird and IKONOS images which cover the same area in the view of multi-scale segmentation,then discusses the different segmental effects under different segmental scales in different images. To boost up the recognizing ability, and to advance the precision and efficiency of the applications with aerial image and satellite image data, we discuss the best segmental scale to different objects and different images, and compare the final classification result. The result indicates the best segmental scale for aerial image, QuickBird and IKONOS image is 125,100 and 75 respectively. The classification precision of QuickBird is the best. Aerial image and IKONOS image's classification precision is approximate. So in the practical application, we can use aerial image to replace high resolution satellite images.

The construction of the forest fire protection information system of west Tianshan forest area is one of the integrative material applications of GIS(Geographic Information System) to forest resources management. Under the support of spatial information technique,database technique and the forest fire protection technique,based on the development platform of Arc GIS Engine,this information system was established with VB.NET computer program language.Its main structures include forest resources management sub-system,forest fire forecast sub-system,decision support sub-system for forest fire,losses evaluation sub-system of forest fire and sys-database.We can use this information system for practical applications,such as intelligent position of the fire point,information retrieval of the fire point,decision of extinguishing fire plan,exact estimate cost of fire loss,and so on.The results of the work provide a scientific basis for macroscopicl management and decision support on the forest fire matters concerned,and it would promote the technique innovation for preventing forest fire in west Tianshan forest area.

This paper recommends water recycling treatment project in Xiedao circular economic demonstration district,including technical process for recycling of sewage resource using aerobic-oxidation pond-sand filtrated system and geothermal water resource utilization.The project has been evaluated and investigated,which realized disposal utilization of waste and energy conservation and environmental protection,and came into being water cycle associated with planting,breeding and recreation & vocation,provided valuable model for construction of new socialist countryside.

Coordinates conversion for graphs is the basic problems for the development and application of CAD and GIS,as well as the most function for drawing export and construction of fundamental GIS and thematic GIS.It deals with unification of data standard,improvement of data share,and extension of data service.In this paper,the relative mathematical models and the methods of system implement is presented with the examples of CAD and GIS.

This article mainly analyzed the pros and cons of remote sensing database and several information retrieval ways that can achieve remote sensing data in a simple, convenient, fast search algorithm to meet the needs of users. Based on the existing image database engine prototype system which has, the author designs a kind of method for retrieval inquiry remote sensing image interior ground feature. This method takes the vector essential factor spatial information and the attribute information as the guidance, the fast accurate localization thing is at the image tile, which provides a feasible method for the remote sensing image effective management and the application.

Urban land use sprawl,as a form of urbanization,can reflect the development of a city to a certain degree. By interpreting remote sensing images of 1976,1989,1995,1998,1999,2000 and 2004,this paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of the area changes of the major built-up area in Nanchang. In addition,the driving forces for its urban land use sprawl are discussed. It is found,temporally,the course of the urban land use sprawl can be divided into three stages of steady increase (1976～1995),slow growth(1995～1998) and speedy development(1998～2004). Spatially,the sprawl in the main built-up area of Nanchang was inducted by transport condition and was restricted by the Ganjiang River. The farming area was influenced mostly by the urban land sprawl. Besides,as there are Ganjiang River beside of the Nangchang city and many lakes inside and outside of it,the phenomenon that the waters area was taken up was also distinct. Population,industrial development,use of foreign investment and policy constitute the soft-environmental factors impacting the urban land sprawl. According to the research on industrial development in central part of China,Nangchang is in its industrialization intermediate stage. Hence,the urban land use sprawl of it would last a long time. Besides,the orientation of the sprawl was affected by where the city is locatesd according to the transport and the natural conditions to varying degrees.

Coastal protective forest is a green protective screen for disaster prevention and mitigation.For government's management and decision,it's very important to fast obtain the dynamic change of coastal protective forest.In this paper,Zhangpu County of Fujian Province is selected as a study area.Multi-source remote sensing data like CBERS-02 acquired in 2005 and ETM+ acquired in 2000 were used.The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Non-linear band ratio(NLBR= B4 * B3 / B2,where B2,B3 and B4 are the green,red and near infrared red bands of sensors) were calculated.After analyzing the spectral profile of original bands,NDVI and NLBR of the coastal protective forest and other typical land covers in coastal zone,a method to quickly extract the coastal protective forest for different sensors was developed.We found that jointly using of NDVI and NLBR would effectively acquire the coastal protective forest.NDVI would distinguish vegetation cover from non-vegetation cover,and NLBR would distinguish coastal forest from arable land with vegetation cover.With the rules of NDVI> threshold 1 and NLBR< threshold 2,the coastal protective forests of 2005 and 2000 were acquired,in which the thresholds were determined from the scatter plots of NDVI and NLBR.This method is of reference value to the sensors with similar green,red and near infrared red bands.In the study area,the area of coastal protective forest was 2788.11hm2 in 2000, while that was 2462.28hm2 in 2005.From 2000 to 2005,the decreased area was 1332.04 hm2,which was 1.46 times of that of the increased area.The government agencies should strengthen the management and construction of the coastal protective forest,which will improve the ability to prevent and reduce natural disasters in the coastal zone.

Based on the case studies of long-term GIS development in urban areas,this paper introduces several policy recommendations for GIS participants.The authors collect quite a few successful urban GIS cases in China,US and UK.The experiences related to long-term urban GIS development and applications,such as organizational structure,project policy,project strategic planning and geodatabase development and sharing,are investigated and summarized.Several recommendations are suggested for China's urban GIS managers and decision makers: 1) to set up the project organizational systems,appoint the project leader,and establish the project implementation policy;2) to conduct a project strategic planning including requirement analysis,long-term system planning,feasibility study and investment arrangement;3) to manage GIS project from the perspectives of scope,quality,time cost and benefit;4) to develop geospatial database as a priority task;and 5) to pursue the tangible benefits of GIS,such as revenue,cost reduction,high efficiency and service improvement.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is an important parameter of soil environmental quality, and agriculture soil is easy to be interfered by human activities and also could be adjusted in a short time scales. The ongoing land-use changes in developed area in China have important influence on SOC (soil organic carbon) sequestration. In this research we take Wujiang County as a case, evaluated the influence of land-use changes on the soil carbon sequestration ability in the paddy fields. The land use classification in Wujiang County from 2000 to 2005 were conducted by a new methodology that integrates 8-day composite images (500-m and 250-m spatial resolution) from the moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensor with Landsat data. The maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method was used to conduct TM/ETM images classification. The vegetation index (NDVI, EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI) mask method was used to conduct MODIS images classification. The land use class map and the density of soil organic carbon (SOC) data from the 2nd State Soil Survey and the nationwide arable soil monitoring system (NASMC) along with county-level soil reconnaissance data were further used to calculate the soil carbon sequestration ability. The result showed that irrigation-based rice cultivation in the study area has induced significant enrichment of SOC storage in paddy soils. But carbon sequestration ability tended to decline over the most recent six years due to decreasing in paddy area and shifting to other land uses. The paddy soils have switched from carbon sink to carbon source since 2001. The total SOC sequestration in 0-15cm soils in 1984, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were 107×10³t,9.2×10³t,-8.0×10³t, -21.2×10³t,-49.2×10³t,-41.6×10³t and -49.4×10³t respectively. The results of this study suggested that land use changes have a great influence on topsoil carbon (C) sequestration, particularly on C stocks and C sequestration potential in paddy fields in developed areas of China.

The coastal zone is the belt influenced from land and ocean interactions,as well as human factors.So its evolution depends not only on natural factors but also on human socio-economic activities.It has very good instructive meaning to provide timely accurate coastal zone changes information for exploiting and protecting the coast and studying its ecological footprint.Using 12 periods remote sensing images covering 20 years from 1984 to 2004 of Longkou city,this paper extracted the coastline,the high tidal line and the low tidal line from different years utilizing different methods and techniques of data image processing and visual interpretation based on the characteristic of each RS image and checked up the extracted tide information with the tide data from two tide monitoring stations.On the basis of contrasting with the base line,the paper analyzed the law of the costal zone changes in both spatial and temporal aspects,and then discussed the major influential factor to the changes by analyzing natural and artificial factors.The results indicated that in addition to the artificial seashore,the general trend of the coastal zone evolution in the 20 years was moving to sea during the former 10 years and moving to land during the latter 10 years,and the changing extent was on the increase year after year.The protection against the tide came down by reason of the bank turning narrow and low,the tideland turning broad,and the gradient turning gentle.It was clear that human activity had great impacts directly and indirectly on the costal zone evolution.The most fundamental activities included infrastructure construction in the nearshore zone,the adjustment of the agricultural structure,and the unordered development of the sand dredging industry.The natural factors had been also found affecting the evolution of the zone,such as shore cutting and deposition,sea-water intrusion,etc.

Recent works on spectral band selection include two separate tasks: feature band selection and redundancy reduction. But due to the characteristic of hyperspectral data,it is not sufficient for joint entropy algorithm to select feature bands which aim at dimensionality reduction,for the band combination results it selected are in a series of space. To solve this problem,a new approach based on auto-subspace partition (ASP) was proposed. In this approach the subspace of all bands was dependent on correlation coefficient matrix among all bands,and from that we can get the relations among different bands about its spectral characteristic. In ASP,firstly,all bands were divided into different subspaces according to correlation coefficient matrix,then the optimal bands combination was selected using joint entropy algorithm respectively in different subspaces. The band combination results which were derived from our proposed approach were compared with those from joint entropy algorithm in the experiments. It has shown that the approach we proposed works better than the conventional joint entropy algorithms on hyperspectral data.

With the fast development of economic construction, LUCC are changing with each passing day in China, and how to acquire changing information has become one of the key technologies in LUCC research. Taking SPOT-Pan image and TM image as a case study, this paper discussed the methods of automatic detection for LUCC, and spectrum feature changing method, pseudo-color composition method etc. were analyzed and compared systemically. It is proved that the LUCC information can be detected efficiently and accurately by using the above methods and which are superior to the traditional comparing detection method by visual interpretation.

A new biorthogonal wavelet fusion algorithm was developed based on the absolute values of the difference of local area of the images. The algorithm was applied to the images of TM and JERS-1 SAR. The algorithm has stronger ability to describe the digital images' details and to compound the images' information than traditional wavelet fusion algorithms,and it needs less computation than those based on variance. It is a better way to preserve the spectral feature and detailed information than those algorithms of the PCA fusion,multiplicative fusion and Brovey fusion. The results of experiment show that the algorithm is highly flexible and practical.

Spatial autocorrelation is a very general statistical property of spatial variables, it indicates correlation of a variable with itself through space. Spatial association rule mining, discovery of interesting, meaningful rules in spatial databases, ignores autocorrelation of spatial data, or just generalizes the spatial data into attribute data currently. In most of the ways on spatial association rules mining, they transferred the spatial relations into non-spatial relations by virtue of spatial analysis. This means the separation of spatial autocorrelation from spatial association rule mining. In order to study the relations between spatial autocorrelation and spatial association rule mining, in this paper, the spatial association rules were mined by developed Apriori algorithm. Then, spatial autocorrelation analysis was implemented in the same spatial data set. A basic assumption of many spatial association rules mining is lacking for a priori information about spatial attributes. The two dimensional spatial autocorrelation results were used as priori knowledge in spatial association rules mining in this paper. The experimental data is about the amount of the hay fever (disease caused by pollen allergic rhinitis) patients and its factors, including temperature, precipitation and vegetation types of each county in the United Kingdom in 2000. The obtained frequent itemsets and the spatial association rules prove that factors have stronger correlation with hay fever (correlation coefficient is lager) appear with hay fever simultaneously more frequently in the spatial database, which confirms the existence of the effects that spatial autocorrelation has on spatial association rule mining. The analysis results not only point out the relation between spatial autocorrelation and spatial association rule mining, but also provide priori knowledge in the process of spatial association rule mining, making the mining process more targeted. Besides, without calculating the Cartesian in developed Apriori algorithm, spatial autocorrelation analysis can get the correlation coefficients efficiently, making the mining process more effectively. Further work would focus on how to evaluate the effects of the spatial autocorrelation on spatial association rules mining, how to find out the candidate frequent spatial itemsets from the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis in practical application.

Aiming at multi-level sharing demand of urban GIS data sharing and exchange platform system in city's public facility departments at present,and based on analyzing characteristic of file,data platform,systematic function and web service levels of four data sharing and exchange models,the paper designs a sharing and exchange data mode based on workflow technology which integrates the four levels.It then presents the application process of the model to the sharing platform system development of GIS on Wuxi so as to provide reference for other similar cities.