GML(Geographic Markup Language) is gradually accepted and widely used as an encoding,storage and exchange format for spatial information,and it offers a powful tool for implementing spatial information sharing and WebGIS development. As a graphic file format standard in the network era,SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) represents graphic transmission development direction on the web,which integrates vector graphic,bitmap image and plain text merits and is naturally compatible with the network environment,so study on GML and SVG-based WebGIS and its application will have extensive practicality and application value. In this paper,GML and SVG are discussed firstly,especially in the role of open WebGIS,then an open WebGIS architecture is put forward which uses GML to store and integrate geographic information and using SVG to implement web display and operation for geographic information. Finally,taking a campus map issuing system as an example,an open WebGIS application system is set up and discussed.

Multi-source remote sensing data fusion is the development trend of remote sensing technology in depth. This paper analyzes in detail algorithmic application characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data from three levels of pixel-based, feature-based and decision-based fusion processings. Take Fengning County for example, specific applications of remote sensing data fusion methods in information extraction are illuminated. The data used in this study is firstly pre-processed, then the principal components of Landsat TM data in 1999 are analyzed, the first three principal components account for 97.8% of the total information, the resulted image of inversed principal components transformation is clearer and has more abundant levels. To extract information from remote sensing image, we select the fusion image from Landsat TM pan and multi-spectral bands after principal components transformation, color composition scheme of bands 4, 3, 2 and bands 5, 4, 3, and vegetation index and greenness index after tasseled cap transformation are analyzed, the remote sensing image information fusion with DEM and spatial data of GIS database can also improve the accuracy of remote sensing information extraction. Problems to be resolved and future direction of multi-source remote sensing data fusion are put forward.

The high-resolution DEM and DOM data is an accurate description of the topography and geomorphology, and it is also an important source data for landslide information extraction. At first,according to the requirement of landslide information extraction,we use the UAV platform equipped with mini SLR camera combined with the GPS data measured in the field, as the image acquisition method. According to the characteristics of the UAV images, we use the basic principle of photography measurement and computer vision algorithms to obtain the high-resolution DEM and DOM images, which greatly preserves the rich spectral and texture information. Then, with the help of the ESP auxiliary tool we get optimal segmentation scale of the DOM. Based on the fuzzy classification and SVM algorithm to construct a decision tree, which we used to achieve the object oriented classification and information extraction. Finally, according to the spatial feature and distribution of study area we determine the high risk area. By the morphology and texture analysis and accuracy assessment of the landslide area, we show that the producer’s accuracy and user's accuracy of the landslide area are 84.65% , 91.44%. The result proves that the UAV remote sensing has a high value in the field of landslide information extraction.

自然和人为的灾害每年都使远东的中国和她的周边国家蒙受了巨大的经济损失。为了能快速地对这些灾害作出反应以减少损失,有效和及时地从外层空间监测灾害已成为了一项迫切的国家需要。为了改进现行系统的覆盖范围和覆盖周期,曾建议采用地球观测卫星网。然而,常规遥感卫星的高成本至今还使得这项建议难以实施。萨瑞大学的萨瑞卫星技术有限公司(SSTL)已经研制了一套性能高、寿命长的微型卫星,该卫星利用先进的对地观测有效载荷,具有较强的星载处理能力。利用该套卫星就可以极低的成本获得从空中对地球的常规观测。每颗微型卫星只需费用约250万美元,因此,投资不到1800万美元就能构建由7颗卫星组成的卫星网(星座)。微型卫星重量轻、体积小,只需一个小的发射器就可以把整个网发射到低地球轨道中。

Over the past two decades, with rapid urbanization in Guangzhou, urban fringes experienced drastically land use changes. In this paper, taking the Extend South Area of Guangzhou as a typical example of urban fringe, based on GIS (Geography Information System) and RS (Remote Science) technology, land use vector of the study area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 were interpreted from Landsat TM images. Dynamic degree, fractal dimension and stability index of each main land use type in each year were calculated. Results showed that: from 1990 to 2005, land use of the Extend South Area of Guangzhou experienced obvious changes under the strong forces of urbanization of core area in Guangzhou. According to the change characteristics of land use, two phases of study period are followings. Firstly, from 1990 to 1995, the structure of land use changed tempestuously. In this period, the increase of construction land and decrease of farmland was the main process, with great increase of fractal dimension and decrease of stability index. Secondly, from 1995-2005, increasing speed of construction slowed down, farmland and forest land started to increase, and increase of fractal dimension and stability index became slighter, regional structure of land use experienced a beneficial development.

Logistics essentially refers to material entities movement process with distinct spatial measurement and spatial characteristics, where integration and application of spatial information techniques and other modern techniques of logistics management are needed. This is a new interdisciplinary research fields where to extent spatial information services combined with web services and geospatial analysis to the area of logistics management, and then integrate the concept of spatial information services into modern logistics services system to carry out logistics oriented spatial information web services access, integration and application. What's more, the key point to analyze logistics spatial phenomenon from the geographic perspective. Based on OGC web service framework, this paper we have put forward design and built the architecture of logistics spatial information services mainly include the mechanism for service integration, high-efficiency call and service composition and the model of integration based on web services, which clear its inherent elements and the relationship. Besides, we designed and developed the mechanism for service composition based on Net-Petri and Logistics Web of web service engine, which resolved the problems of dynamic access, high-efficiency call and real-time integrate to the logistics spatial information services. This work provided a new way and measure to the spatial information services being further developed and applied in the logistics area. By this way, even though the logistics information system constructors don't have a professional GIS background, they can also call spatial information service in their own programs. According to our study, the means of techniques of integrating and applying the logistics spatial information services, which achieve the dynamically composited and collaboratively integrated effectiveness and the practical experience for logistics spatial information service system construction.

Marine GIS has become one of the important developing domains of GIS sciences Both scholars in GIS and in oceanography are interested in it The basic representation is considered as one of the most important problems This article presents a data model to solve the problem It includes three database: basic database, data warehouse and database for marine phenomena; two data analyzing mode: data pre disposing and feature analyzing It uses multi level extended grid data structure with two kinds of global grid scheme One is equal angle, the other is equal area grid scheme They have some new marine chara cteristics.

Land surface temperature (LST) and fractional vegetation coverage （FVC） are important indicators of ecological environment changes. Studying the temporal and spatial variations of LST and FVC as well as their interaction in Fujian Province are of great significance to the evaluation of ecological environment construction and improvement of regional ecological environment. In this study, the temporal and spatial variations of LST in Fujian Province and the interaction between LST and FVC are analyzed, based on the reconstruction time series data of MODIS 11A2 LST and 13Q1 NDVI from 2001-2015. The results showed that: (1) The overall LST in Fujian Province presented a slight downward trend from 2001 to 2015, and the downward trend of LST is more pronounced after 2010. The spatial distribution of LST and FVC had a good negative correlation consistency, which implies the LST value is lower in the higher area while the LST is higher in the lower FVC area. (2) LST is negatively correlated with FVC, DEM and latitude. And their negative correlation was increased or decreased regularly with the change of months in a year .The negative correlation between FVC and LST was higher in summer and became lower in winter with the correlation coefficient reduced from 0.7 to 0.4. (3) The decreasing trend of LST with the increase of FVC is piecewise linear and has an obvious "FVC inflection point". In front and behind "FVC inflection point", the decreasing trends of LST with the increase of FVC are "slowly first and fast afterwards" in summer and "fast followed by slow "in winter. Moreover, the difference of LST decreasing rate with the increase of FVC becomes smaller in spring and autumn. In summer, when FVC is greater than 0.4, the LST can reduce about 0.77 °C with FVC value increase 0.1, and the cooling effect is about twice as much as that when FVC is less than 0.4. Therefore, if we want to effectively reduce LST in summer, we should make the surface vegetation cover more than 40%。Only in this way can vegetation play a better role in cooling. (4) From January to August, the negative correlation of FVC on LST has a lag, and vegetation change has a greater impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of the next month's LST. This study has a certain significance for the construction and evaluation of ecological environment in Fujian Province, and provide an important reference for the development of vegetation to suppress regional high temperature.

The geosensor networks system of mine ground disaster monitoring is a integrating system implemented by comprehensive application of geomatics technology, that is, satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems, satellite positioning, Georobots, ground based SAR, and sensor networks. It is of great practical significance to predict the mine ground disasters timely and accurately, in order to prevent and reduce the loss of mine ground deformation disaster. The main research contents of the geosensor networks system of mine ground disaster monitoring include data whole processing theory and method, geographic grid and function partition, data fusion, spatial data clustering analysis, disaster effect analysis, intelligent forecasting models and theory, spatial database and service platform system. Using time-series monitoring data of multiphase geosensor networks, the high-resolution satellite remote sensing monitoring data and the function partition data, the dynamic deformation field can be established over mining region based on the research of spatiotemporal variations, so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic deformation field by measured data and optimize the deformation field model. Finally we can develop the geosensor networks GIS system of mine ground disasters monitoring and realize the integrating management of monitoring data and analyzing for the purpose of mine safety production and ground deformation monitoring and forecasting.

Real-time and accurate short-term traffic flow prediction, a critical technical problem in traffic control and guidance which is challenging and needs to be solved urgently in related research fields and engineering practice, still remains because of the hardship caused by the uncertainty and the temporal variability in traffic flow datasets acquired in different times. In order to improve the performance of the short-term traffic flow prediction, a new method based on similar data aggregation techniques and a modified KNN algorithm with varying K-value (KNN-SDA) was proposed and the related algorithm was also implemented and tested on actual measured datasets in this paper. Firstly state vectors were generated from the preprocessed traffic flow datasets by calculating the optimal time delay with the help of the mutual information theory. Each of our state vectors is composed of two parts, the first one of which is a regular state vector and the second one of which is a modified state vector which makes a contribution to a higher similarity between our state vectors and those in training datasets. Subsequently a historical traffic flow database of temporal series was constructed on the basis of results mentioned above for further experiments. After that, the proposed similar data aggregation techniques were applied to aggregate and clean data to obtain 144 training data sets in different times from historical traffic flow database, which would effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. At last, the optimal K-values, each of which corresponded to a moment, were determined through the cross validation method. So far, the overall process of the KNN-SDA algorithm with varying K-value has been completed. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, we compared the experimental results derived from our method with those from three other ones. It turns out that the KNN-SDA algorithm with varying K-value proposed in this article can improve the prediction accuracy significantly and ensure high execution efficiency as well.

With the advance of the society and economy,Landuse is changing rapidly.Which results in the difficulties in timely dynamic monitor and updating the information of land use using traditional methods.Therefore,A better method to solve this difficulity.This paper discusses the principles and methods for dynamic monitoring landuse changes and timely updating the database of landuse using the morden spatial information technology,which are called '3S' technology, and provides the system development model and technique system by studying on the application principle about implementing dynamic monitor and updating for land use change by combining RS and GPS. Change data delamination and integrating analysis,object-oriented superposition-updating process and establishing the data fusion index are key technologies.

Soil salinization is the process of increasing the salt content in the soil. Salinization occurs when the groundwater table is between two and three meters from the surface of the soil in arid lands. The salts from the groundwater are raised by capillary action to the surface of the soil, and it affects human and natural resources, such as native vegetation and crops, animals, infrastructure, agricultural inputs, biodiversity, aquatic ecosystems and water supply quality in the environment. Factors such as climate, features of landscape, soils, drainage, aspect and the effects of human activities all impact on the severity and occurrence of salinization. Therefore, it is an important concern to evaluate and monitor soil salinity in order to take protective measures against further deterioration of the soil. Traditionally, soil salinity evaluation and monitoring are often carried out with intensive field work and sampling. Most previous studies have focused on differentiating salinized and non-salinized soil qualitatively by analyzing the salinity distribution and monitoring its dynamics. Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and modeling have recently outperformed the traditional methods. Remotely sensed data has great potential for monitoring dynamic processes, including salinization. Remote sensing of surface features using aerial photography, videography, infrared thermometry, and multispectral scanners has been used intensively to identify and map salt-affected areas. Salinization has seriously restricted the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological security in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China. Therefore, accurate assessment and monitoring of soil salinization is particularly important. In this paper, based on the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data and measured data, the soil salinization evaluation model was established by using the four evaluation indexes of groundwater depth (GD), salinity index (SI), surface evapotranspiration (SET) and modified temperature vegetation dryness index (MTVDI) in Yanqi basin, Xinjiang. Results demonstrate that: (1) BP neural network model for training was combined with the field measured soil salinity data and the best performance was archived in 4-4-1 architecture (R²=0.864, RMSE=0.569) in the three networks. Compared with traditional multiple linear regression model (R²=0.741, RMSE=0.767), the artificial neural network can improve the predictive accuracy of soil salinization. (2) Soli salinization is strongly associated with GD、SI、SET and MTVDI, and the soil salinization are the results of different combinations of different combination effect factors. Salinization is mainly distributed in low groundwater level and unused area. (3) Most of the study area was salinized in different degrees of salinization, and the degradation of farmland led to further soil salinization and secondary soil salinization.

Urban potential is a quantitative indicator to measure the urban spatial interaction. It is used to describe the interaction force exerted to any place in the region, while taking into consideration that the interaction force is produced jointly by all the other surrounding cities. Urban population potential is the potential that is measured and indicated by urban population. GIS usually uses points to represent the spatial locations of cities and uses the point attribute field to store their urban population information. Therefore, the most convenient way to simulate urban population potential is to build a spatial analysis model based on the relevant point data. Obviously, this method has some disadvantages: on one hand, urban point data represented by latitude-longitude pattern in national fundamental geographic information datasets does not coincide with the urban population centroids in reality;on the other hand, most cities are usually composed of a variety of mutually separated urban land-use patches and these patches interact with each other within their urban precincts. To overcome the impacts of these disadvantages, this study has designed a simulation technology solution of urban population potential based on urban land-use patches. It takes the independent urban patches as the basic spatial analysis units and propose a method to divide grades for those urban patches in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Then, a time-consuming grid surface of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established. The numerical simulation of the urban population potential in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is realized by making use of ArcGIS platform and modeling techniques of python accordingly. The method based on urban land-use patches could overcome the deficiency that the urban points do not coincide with urban population centroids in reality and it could reflect the spatial interactions of urban interior patches. Moreover, the simulation of urban population potential has further satisfied the requirements toward refinement.

Although the promotion of scientific data sharing has brought an unprecedented research opportunity,it still did not get rid of the traditional research process that is "collecting data-downloading data-analyzing data",which has severely hampered the efficiency of research output and the needs of data for researchers has been changed into the needs of information and knowledge.In this paper,taking China's socio-economic statistical data,vector data of national fundamental geographic administrative divisions as examples,in conjunction with ESRI and Google's global maps and image services,we discussed the virtual data integration methods of geo-multisource data and its visualization analysis application,so as to realize rapid knowledge discovery and information acquisition.The paper firstly described methods to publish the map data and attribute data as web services and then discussed three integration principles of multisource web services for the heterogeneous and homogeneous data:(1) all the records of attribute data are assigned a unique number as key fields for the association with a spatial map shape,so that the spatialization of attribute data could be realized;(2) all the spatial data are preprocessed to be suitable for integration by unifying their projections and coordinate systems;and(3) the integrity and accuracy of the data published for web services are ensured.Following the above three principles,the data were prepared.After publishing different types of data as web services,a scheme of online data statistical analysis and visualization based on integration data retrieved from multi-source web services were designed and a preliminary application system was developed.The results show that service-oriented technology can effectively solve the problems of multisource heterogeneous data integration and have obvious advantages as opposed to traditional data sharing and application system.Although the service-oriented technology has turned to be mature,there is still a long way to go for the wide and deep applications.According to our study,there still exist some problems such as the different data units from different sources,the complex operation processes and the ununiform service specification.In future studies,more attention should be paid to the standardization of different services,intelligent operations and application packaging,so as to promote the construction of E-Geoscience and provide all-round services for researchers ultimately.

3D GIS has become a focus field of GIS study currently,and high-resolution satellite image is an important data resource for the 3D GIS construction.In this paper,based on the high-resolution IKONOS satellite stereo images,using the method to extract the 3D visualization information of the research area,including DEM extraction,orthophoto map making,3D information and texture of the ground building,the progress of the DEM extraction was analyzed and the errors of the DEM were corrected.A technical method that uses the ERDAS IMAGINE and 3ds Max software to carry on hybrid modeling was put forward.By complementing the advantages of two kinds of software,this method can accomplish the modeling work of the ground building better.Finally,based on the VC++6.0 platform,combined with the DirectX SDK,the 3D visualization landscape was firstly constructed from two aspects,including the visualization of terrain and the loading of the ground feature models.In this process,in order to improve the operating speed,the Level of Detail algorithm and Mipmap technology were used to optimize the terrain visualization and the texture of the models.Further more,the diversification of the smog was simulated by constructing particle system and many factors of the environment and production facilities that can influence the movement of the smog were calculated and added.Through these work,the production activities of the special facility can be inferred,so it can provide support for the decision analysis.

Family tree,official history and chorography jointly build the entire history datum in China.The family tree,also called pedigree,is much informative in society,ethnology,custom,geography,population,economy,people and religion.It is significant to carry the data mining and regularization work on family tree for reconstructing spatial-temporal pedigree,reproducing the civilization skeleton of China and developing the national culture as well as spirit.However,due to the lack of technology,the traditional record and expression pattern can not reflect the movement,rise and fall of the family in spatial and temporal space accurately.So Family Tree GIS conception was proposed and it is combined with GIS as its technology supporting.The spatial relationships underlying family tree are imposed and the reconstruction,integration and recurrence of the family tree is its core study content.In detail,Family tree data model and the spatio-temporal supporting framework are designed according to the characteristics of traditional family tree.And then,some key technologies used in building family-tree GIS are discussed especially such as SOA based on Web Service,XML and XML Schema technology,distributed GIS platform oriented the public and the Web 2.0,also technology of management and drawing mass vector data,technique of generation SVG based on DOT,asynchronous network calling and interaction based on AJAX,XML are discussed.Thirdly,the framework of family tree GIS was proposed and the prototype system was introduced in this paper.Finally,taking a family-tree as a study case,building,analysis and representation of the family-tree is discussed.The experiments have shown that the family tree GIS we proposed is a good approach for the study of conventional family tree,and it will be helpful for future researches on family tree.

尊敬的主席先生,朋友们,大家好! 首先请允许我向来自海外和港澳台的嘉宾朋友们致敬!各位不远千里,回到北京,传经送宝,我们表示最热烈的欢迎!中国地理学会和北京大学, 在抗战胜利60周年之际,筹办这次盛会,聚首北京,讨论“地理学与中国发展”的主题,意义深远。预祝大会成功!

Tu" in Chinese words, means maps representing spatial information in graphics , also including images, illustrates and other graphic forms of representing spa tial informatic;"Pu"is a system built according to thing's characteristics or time series. Geo Informatic Tupu has two characteristics with graphics and pedigree. Formed from a great deal of geo information in digit through graphic thinking and abstract generalization, Geo Informatic Tupu is a means and method of using computer multi dimensional and dynamic visualization technology to display and reveal the spatial configuration and spatial temporal change rule of earth system and its elements and phenomena. Five parts are discussed in this paper, they are: 1. the basic concept of Tupu; 2. the discussion of Geo Informatic Tu pu; 3. the basic process and steps of building Geo Informatic Tupu; 4.the example of Geo Informatic Tupu complex Informatic Tupu of natural landscape in China. 5. the meanings of and prospects for Geo Informatic Tupu.

It is very important to search a methodology to extract surface water quickly, accurately and efficiently. Single band thresholding and water indices are commonly used water extraction methods because of ease of use and the fact that these methods are computationally less time-consuming than alternative approaches. However, in environments where the area is larger, the type of water is various and the influencing factors are complicated, simple classification methods such as two-band water indices and single-band thresholding may not sufficiently and accurately distinguish between water and non-water pixels. In this paper, in order to extract water accurately in the complex mountain area where all the types of water and interference factor exist, the threshold value of three indices is analyzed respectively, that are Moderate Normal Different Water Index (MNDWI), Automate Water Extraction Index (AWEI) and Normal Difference Three Band Index (NDTBI). Then, the zoning scheme based on the optimal threshold value is used to build three decision classifier based on MNDWI, AWEI and NDTBI respectively. After that, comparative analysis is executed among the effect of the three classifiers for different types of surface water. Lastly, according to the optimal principal, a decision tree classifier of three indices (MNDWI, AWEI and NDTBI) united is reconstructed to extracted water. The results show: the Kappa coefficients means of three methods on single index MNDWI, AWEI and NDTBI in three test sites are 0.863, 0.854 and 0.862 respectively. The Kappa coefficients means of the combined indices method is 0.881. Thus, the water extraction method based on the optimal partition and three indices combined possess have the highest accuracy and the best effects. According to the research, we find that the key factor of the precision improved is the optimal zoning method based on the index to achieve hierarchical extraction. No matter which method among the single index or the united indices, the accuracy is all within the permitted range. In comparison of three single indices methods, extraction of region water such as lake and reservoir is suited for the MNDWI, the line water such as river and stream works best with AWEI, the small, narrow river affected by the channel sandstone has good success with NDTBI. However, the combination decision tree classification of the optimal zoning and the optimal method of indices united will be satisfied for water extraction.

Construction of 3D geological models is a very efficient way to create a good understanding of geological features. It is a comprehensive method to geologists, geophysics engineers and GIS experts who sometimes need to visualize an area to accomplish their researches. Geological drill hole records have been widely used as the main data sources in 3D geological model construction approaches. However, since the original drill hole sampling points are limited and maldistributed, it is difficult to construct 3D geological models that not only show favorable visual effect but also reflect accurately the geological structure of surveying regions. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a 3D geological model construction approach based on virtual boreholes. Firstly, according to the spatial distribution of original drill holes, positions of interpolated points are determined self-adaptively and Kriging interpolation algorithm is applied to the construction of interpolated virtual boreholes. Secondly, according to the pinch-out rules, the pinch-out virtual boreholes are constructed, and the improved self-adaptive butterfly subdivision algorithm is applied to the construction of subdivided smooth virtual boreholes. Finally, with the original drill holes, the interpolated virtual boreholes, the pinch-out virtual boreholes and the subdivided smooth virtual boreholes, 3D geological models of survey regions can be constructed, matching geostatistics patterns, being C¹ geometric continued, and showing favorable visual effect. Differing from the traditional modeling methods that regard virtual boreholes as complements to expert knowledge, the proposed method introduces virtual boreholes into each step of the construction of three-dimensional geologic models as the intermediate elements of the core algorithm, simplifying the realization process of the modeling algorithm effectively, and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the algorithm.

Object-oriented spatial data model better describes geographic phenomena. Due to lack of complete object-oriented database management system presently, it’s essential to study further object-oriented data-model construction under RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Based on theories of Model Driven Architecture, this paper studies the approach and technology methods of constructing spatio-temporal data model by event-driven, which bases on RDBMS and Object-relation GIS. Firstly, a theoretical model of constructing object-oriented data model is built. Secondly, the definition and arrangement method of events and objects with the application of urban public traffic is studied. Thirdly, the object-oriented dynamic behavior model, temporal behavior model and software mode are constructed, and the executable ability of the models are validated. This paper gives a new approach in inter-perform among different frameworks and systems by applying Model Driven Architecture and event-driven method to build an object-oriented spatio-temporal model.

Ecological safety is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of regional society and economy. However, geological hazards will pose serious threats to the ecological safety of the area. It has great significance to analyze the sensitivity of geological hazards in Urban Agglomeration of Fujian Delta Region. In this paper, eight indicators are selected including slope, elevation, soil types, NDVI, lithology, average annual precipitation, the distance from the main road and the geological hazards points in 5km grids, for comprehensively assessing the sensitivity of geological hazards in urban agglomeration of Fujian Delta Region based on SPCA, global Morans'I and local Morans'I. The results show that the urban agglomeration of Fujian Delta Region is moderately sensitive in the overall, and the areas of different sensitivities decrease in the order of moderately sensitive>highly sensitive>light sensitive>extremely sensitive>insensitive, accounting for 26.96%, 25.67%, 23.89%, 11.75% and 11.72% of the regain, respectively. The sensitivity of geological hazards from southeast coast to northwest inland shows a gradual transition from insensitivity to extreme sensitivity with obvious zonal characteristics. There is significant spatial heterogeneity in sensitivity of geological hazards between different counties (cities and districts) and their internal areas. The sensitivity of geological hazards has significant spatial autocorrelation, which is a significant positive correlation, showing significant spatial clustering characteristics with the high-high clustering in Dehua, Yongchun, Anxi and Nanjing, low-low clustering in Huian, Licheng, Jinjiang, Shishi. The sensitivity synthesis index of geological hazards between different land use types is in the order of forestland > grassland > unused land > farmland > wetland > construction land. The forestland and grassland are overall moderately sensitive, while wetland, farmland, construction land and unused land are light sensitive in the overall. The average annual precipitation, slope, distance from the main road, number of 5 km grid geological hazards points, lithology and soil types are the main driving factors of geological hazards in the study area.

Spatialization of attribute data is a way to output grid data products from vector data. It is beneficial to integrated analysis of geosciences data from various sources and in different formats. However, it is also a process companied with errors, and the errors are closely related to density of data sources, spatializing models and resolution of grid cells. In this paper, 7 levels of density of meteorological stations, 5 spatializing models and 19 levels of resolutions of grid cells were used to analyze the relationships between the errors of annual mean air temperature data spatialization and these affecting factors. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) Reduction of density of meteorological stations led to increasing of the spatialization errors. (b) Of the five models, Adjusted IDW, Regression and Anusplin had higher accuracy than IDW and Kriging. The reason is that both IDW and Kriging are spatial autocorrelation based interpolation methods. They neglect influence of underlying surface on air temperature. But, elevation factor is taken into account for Adjusted IDW, Regression and Anusplin. Therefore higher accuracy can be gained with the three interpolation methods. (c) The accuracy generally decreased with increasing of size of grid cells. The trend was significant especially for Adjusted IDW, Regression and Anusplin. (d) Of the three kinds of factors affecting accuracy of spatialization, the models had the greatest impact on the accuracy, the resolution of grid cells second and the density of meteorological stations the lowest. (e) For spatialization products of annual mean air temperature data at national scale, some spatial hetero-correlation interpolation methods, such as Adjusted IDW, Regress and Anusplin should be applied, and the size of grid cells should be smaller than ten kilometers by ten kilometers. In such a case, the mean absolute error for spatialization can be less than one degree centigrade. At last, a quantitative multiple regression model between spatialization errors and the three kinds of affecting factors was established. The model can be used to predict spatialization errors when some of the affecting factors change, so it can provide the basis for drawing up a plan for spatialization of air temperature data.

The essay generally introduees the green revolution appeared recently and brings us the concept of the green culture,lt also elaborates the value of green , the general principle of the green culture as well as the relations between the green culture and the other cultures.ln the essay,the author explorates the idea of constructing of the green community first time. It also shows the readers a green future which wle human being must correet the prejudice against geo-environment and ecocrisis caused by the anthropism in the past. We should read just and set a good relation between human being and geo-environment

The Catalogue and Archive System, a basic work and important research task, is crucial for searching and browsing data in the remote sensing satellite application. In the first part of this paper, the characteristics of remote sensing satellite data catalogue are introduced. Then the actual status and remaining problems in some Catalogue and Archive Systems are analyzed. And the reasons why the operation is not efficient enough in these systems are pointed out. After discussion on the topic of the necessity of researching Catalogue and Archive System, several critical outlines of implementing a new type of Catalogue and Archive System, which are based on the new development of GIS and computer technology and being achieved by China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, are described. These outlines include: (1) Integration oriented storage method is adopted for remote sensing satellite data archiving in order to maintain its integrity and consistency. (2) Time-dividing storage method is used for system's high availability, high performance and easy maintainability, which are very important to mass storage system. (3) Hybrid storage mode is introduced in integration oriented storage method for spatial data management and application. (4) Based on consideration of the characteristics of remote sensing satellite data catalogue, some advices on how to design the database of Catalogue and Archive System are also given.

青藏高原是全球独待的地质地理单元,素有“地球第三极”和“世界屋脊”之称。1964年以后,中国科学院先后多次组织对青藏高原及周围地区进行了大规模综合科学考察。这些考察获得了大量丰富资料和重要调查研究成果,填补了该地区的研究空白,取得了许多新的发现和认识,包括高原的形成与演化,自然资源及其评价等等。