福建省委、省政府高瞻远瞩,大力发展信息产业,以数字化促进信息化,以信息化促进现代化,这是非常英明的决策,是落实“三个代表”思想的最深层的具体体现。21世纪是信息社会、网络经济与知识创新为主流的新时代。信息就是财富,就是先进的生产力和先进文化的标志。哪一个现代化也离不开信息化:工农业的经济结构调整、优化管理需要信息化;远程教育、医疗和文化传播,也离不开信息化;国家安全、生态安全、社会经济的可持续发展……等等,关系到最大多数人民的根本利益,无不与信息基础设施有关。

山西农业遥感工作,是在80年代全国农业自然资源普查的急需下兴起的。北京大学承继成教授向山西省领导建议用遥感方法进行农业资源调查,这是一种速度快、精度高、又省钱的农业自然资源调查方法。省委、省政府当即采纳了这一合理化建议,由省农业区划委员会组织,抽调各有关厅局的70多名专家、技术人员,组成山西省农业遥感应用试验组。在国家教育部大力支持下,由北京大学牵头,会同北京师范大学、北京农业大学等8个院校的30多名教授组成技术领导组,协同攻关,为山西省、地、县3级的农业资源调查及合理配置,提供了科学依据。为各级政府领导指挥生产、科学决策提供了有效服务。

Urban spatial information infrastructure is one of important supporting core of digital city. In this paper, based on the practice of developing Haidian district information system, authors introduce the integration of spatial foundation information oriented urban management. Meanwhile, authors present the reference methods in the project, which including large digital image compress, vectors process and diverse information composition according to the geographical feature.

The article introduces the current state of 3D GIS data model and analyzes their main strong points and weak points from the four basic modeling methods, namely tessellating model, vector modeling, hybrid model, analytical model.

Considering a lot of mixed image pixels are contained in remote sensing images, weighted posterior probability support vector machines are introduced to deal with the remote sensing images unmixing. Weighted posterior probability support vector machines aremotivated by statistical learning theory and is the further research result of regular SVM. Each ground posterior probability can be computed when training samples are determined by the proposed method. Non-linear unmixing mixed pixels model precision are improved by the method because weighted posterior probability support vector machines can avoid the effect on classifier than SVM. In order to solve the multi-class problem, two-class classification methods has been extended to multi-class classification methods and many algorithms have been developed. There are three classes can be described as following, one to many combination model, one to one combination model, and SVM decision tree. With weighted posterior probability support vector machines used on sub-pixel unmixing on remote sensing images, the classifier number are depressed than remote sensing images unmixing without weighted posterior probability support vector machines. The classification result based on weighted posterior probability support vector machines are more accurate according to empirical knowledge. Sample weighting is the main reason avoiding the negative effect of ambiguous ground class. The ground object endmembers can be determined by the proposed method and the posterior probability also be count out at the same time. The result of posterior probability is considered as the percent of each ground object belong to a pixel of remote sensing images. Multi-channel remote images data are used to validate the proposed method in this paper. The experiment results show that the unmixing model based on weighted posterior probability support vector machines has been improved over support vector machines algorithms. The precision of unmixing result obtained based on the proposed method is better than those of support vector machines algorithms.

Maps as being the most fundamental and essential data sources of database as well as GIS and RS, data precision of map digitization has become a matter of common interest to all related disciplines. In this paper, we define the theoretical foundation of digitization, discuss in detail two commonly used data acquiring models, introduce the composition of our digital system for world map, finally we focus our discussion on the principles and methods of probing the mysteries of map. Generally, this paper aims at creating the theoretical foundation of map digitization and improving data precision of map digitization.

This paper will show the importance of hydrogeologic survey in tunnel by presenting examples of troubles in tunnels' construction and administration caused by unascertained hydrogeologic conditions. A new approach named as Quantitative Remote Sensing Interpretation Application Model was put forward and the differences of this model from the traditional Qualitative Remote Sensing Interpretation Application Model in evaluating the degrees of water enrichment in tunnels were described in this paper. The core of applying this model to evaluate the water enrichment in tunnels is to assess the enrichment degrees using the empirical formula for remote sensing evaluating water enrichment degree in tunnel with quantitative remote sensing interpretation. This method is based on the remote sensing geological interpretation. It quantifies the interpretations and the factors affecting the water enrichment in tunnels, brings them into empirical formula in form of fractions, and obtains the enrichment degrees according to the derived fractions from the formula. As a focal point, this paper introduced the detail approach and steps in applying the empirical formula for remote sensing evaluating water enrichment degree in tunnel, illustrated by the two examples from qinling tunnel of Xi'an-Ankang railway and Jiazhujing tunnel of Nanning-Kunming railway.The construction has proofed these assessments and demonstrated that the predicted enrichment degrees were little different from the real ones. The paper also presented some noticeable problems encountered in application of the empirical formula for remote sensing evaluating water enrichment degree in tunnel. In the conclusion, the paper pointed out that the empirical formula for remote sensing evaluating water enrichment degree in tunnel was a new application model which was different largely from the traditional qualitative remote sensing interpretation application ones. This model made the water enrichment evaluation more reliable and its processing was more simple and feasible. No similar report on this kind of method has been found in recent data retrievals. This achievement can be applied in the hydrogeologic evaluation and predictions before tunnel constructions for railways, highways, and water conservancy works. It has beneficial effects on lowering the surveying cost, heightening the surveying quality, raising the surveying efficiency and improving labor conditions.

In this paper, according to the theory of "Self excitation Threshold Autoregressive Model", a new model-the objective numeric prediction pattern as well as "on line prediction model" is established by analyzing the situation of the earthquake activities for many years. The reliability of the model has been tested by the practical earthquake data in china mainland since 1980. The statistic indicates that the largest error of yearly position characteristic number ( M i ) is 0.3, the average error is 0.12, when predicting the future earthquake tendency by the model. Therefor, the model can reflect the natural characteristic and rules of the variation of the earthquake tendency objectively, and predict the future earthquake activities preferably. The model provides a scientific way to predict the earthquake tendency objectively and quantitatively.

In this paper, the deep research problems in the realm of resource and environment was emphatically discussed, and the point that using Informationlization to promote modernization was presented. The schematic analysis on the stratagem of Geo-information science and digital earth was also given.

This article briefly introduce that the basic circumstance of Remote Sensing (RS), Globe Position System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS) development, and its application effect on highway reconnaissance design The 3S-technology can be widely used in engineering reconnaissance design, resource information, economic geography, traffic transport manage, mapping drawing relation with highway traffic construction It is key technology to comprehensive know highway traffic natural environment, improve traffic program rule level, assort with and develop traffic network, the 3S-techonogy'information analyze method isn't replaced of others in highway choosing route, Engineering geological reconnaissance, engineering design and highway transport manage The advantage of Remote Sensing and aerial survey drawing is quick speed, high quality, low manpower and material resources, Three-dimension RS data is the basic of highway reconnaissance design automation, and effective advanced means of reflecting designing ideas, optimizing route program The 3S application currently primary is: Remote Sensing Charting of Highway Design, Highway Tunnel's Selection With Remote Sensing Geology , Remote Sensing Investigation of Highway Engineering Geology, The Remote Sensing Interpretation And Forecast For Badness Geological Phenomena , GIS And DEM Technical Exploitation And Application All gain good effect

The combination of Remote Sensing(RS), Global Position System(GPS), Graphical Information System(GIS),which are characteristic of celerity, precision and dynamic, can find the eco enviromental condition of the research area, and develop the eco environmental base survey database with high precision, which available the scientific direction for the government's macro decision making and layout.The paper ,as an example of the assumed project of "the Synthetic Survey and Evaluation of Eco environment with Remote Sensing in Minjiang Middle and Upper Valley" of National Theme 863 308,"the Golden Eye Action", discusses that the application of utilizing the "3S" technology(RS?GPS and GIS)to instruct setting down the policy of Changing Cultivation into Tree Planting and monitoring the eco environment. The precision of calculating surface area can meet the demand of 2 rank resources survey of our country.

This paper discusses the purpose,technical need,design idea and implement method of the construction of basic information platform of information system of intellect administration of Digital Haidian. The basic information system platform of Digital Haidian employ first 1∶2000 scale of colour air photo map as a hunting engine that possess the features of directly perceived through the senses,strongly sense of reality and simply operation. At the same time, a 25GB of great capacity data is compressed by advanced wavelet compressive technique. So that Digital Haidian can works well in personal computer or packet one. The model of Digital Haidian, at present, can provide constructive reference of information system for administration of city in China.

The scientists of china have already maken obvious progresses in earthquake prediction.Only CSB can persiste guiding principle to let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and not to demand perfecton, but to widely accept rational suggestions and combine the macroscopic methods with the microscopic ones, then the probability of false prediction and fail to prediction for strong earthquake in high population density area in China would be reduced, and the catastrophe, like the injuries and deaths of poeples in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake(Ms=7.8), would also be avoided. It is important for taking precautions against earthquakes and reducing disaster to popularize the knowledge of earthquake and improve scientific spirit for all nation people.

This paper expounds the concept and research significance about the quantitative map,and,proceeding from the graphic symbols,analyses the visualizing variable of symbols and puts forward that improving the expression of graphic symbols should be started with map designing in two ways: the expressiveness and the attractiveness of improving the expression of data content by symbols. The expressiveness of symbols includes three aspects: readability, sequency and information capacity. As for the attractiveness, symbols should be designed in aesthics, three-dimension, dynamics, figurativeness and perspective from the point of view of vision to enhance the visualization of the map. The graphic symbols of the degant quantitative map should posscess the higher expression and the perfect unity of the expressiveness of content and the attractiveness of symbol figure.

Having made the most of "3S" advantages, it is the first time during the construction of Three Gorges Project to monitor the dynamic changes of settlement along the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Yangtze River by utilizing the combination of space and aerial borne data such as ETM+, SPOT, IKONOS with characteristics of multi-data, multi-temporal and multi-resolution. In addition, through the project of dynamic monitoring on settlement in the Three Gorges Reservoir area ( Fengjie-Badong), great strides towards the movements and settlement of population, distribution of newly-developed land, change of land use and land structure, prevention of geological hazard including its derived geological hazard, protection of environment and ecology as well as improvement of economic structure in the area have been made, indeed. Also,many basic data and achievements of scientific research have been collected and attained due to the construction of this project. Particularly, it can be regarded as the first achievement attained during the application of remote sensing technology using the high resolution satellite and aerial borne data received from those satellites of the latest generation launched in 1999. The outcome of research can provide an assistance while the final decision is to be made scientifically in terms of implementation of settlement planning, administration and sustainable development of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Based on such a practice, it shows that the application of remote sensing in dynamic monitoring settlement is of success in the project. It can be regarded as a technology that is updated and accurate as well.

The Ansai oil field visualable decision making system was established within ArcView GIS. It effectively combined and managed basic exploration data, maps and oil drilling/well data, can stat. It can not only manage the data base, but also make integrated analysis of space data, realize the visualization of space data and attribute data.

Based on a lot of research reports and papers offered by Prof. M. F. Goodchild and his colleagues, which is an achievement of the Varenius Project supported by the US National Science Foundation to advance Geographical Information Science, this paper introduces some new expositions and developments about a few key issues in the Geographical Information Science made by the professors mentioned above using a special mode of the geographical philosophical thinking. The aims of the paper are to help Chinese scholars to understand and trace the new developments in the Geographical Information Science, and provide some lessons for trans-century researches in the Geographical Information Science in China.

At present there are many hyper-spectral libraries used widely in the world, such as USGS_MIN, JPL, JHU, IGCP-264, ASTER ect. The paper analyses the data of spectal libraries, and find that the spectrum of a mineral in one library is different than in the other. Even in the same library the shape of a mineral's spectrum is various. On the basis of the fact, the author approves that the spectral features of rock, the composite of kinds of minerals, are more complicated and more prone to vary. The difference is hindrance to hyper-spectral analysis. The paper discusses the factors affecting the spectral features of mineral and rock, and points out the proceedings that should be paid more attention to when establishing a spectral library.

Vegetation coverage information in East Maowusu sand area were extracted and calculated by using TM imagery received in 1987 and 1998. The changes of vegetation coverage in past 11 years were obtained. The paper evaluated the effect of sand control in recent years and demonstrated the relationship between coal mine exploitation and vegetation recovery.

Using advanced techniques of GIS with integrated treatment of immense datum, spatial analysis and model calculation, this paper evaluated and analysed some important issues, such as soil erosion, soil pollution, soil nutrient dilution and ecological stability in agricultural eco environment in Fujian province. The spatial distributions of regional characteristics were proposed. It will facilitates the development and harness of the region.

Since Academician Shupeng Cheng proposed the science proposition "Information Tupu" in 1998, many researchers have done much work on information Tupu in the field of geography. However, the research on "information Tupu", especially the application of "Remote sensing information Tupu" to the time sequence development of a region, was in its early phase. This research used time sequence remote sensing data to make "information Tupu" from which we could analyze the process of land use changes and the changing trend in the future in Shunyi county. The application of "Remote sensing information Tupu" to land use change was discussed in the article.

Four topics will be discussed in this paper: (1) data in an urban planning system; (2) analysis on the urban planning and the spatial data; (3) data organization in Guangzhou Urban Planning Information System; (4) experience of data development in urban planning system.

The contradiction between the increased land resources requirement by economic development and limited land resources is one of the main contradictions in sustainable economic development of the Yangtze River Delta.Accompanied by the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta's economy, the pace of urbanization and industrialization was speeded up, and land resources also changed rapidly due to intensified exploitation. With sustainable progress in economy, the conflict between human and land resources becomes fiercer, which is an important factor that restricts the sustainable and harmonious development of national economy. The Yangtze River deltaic area is the economic-advanced area in China, which is rare in Chinese history that can produce crop yield largely and steadily in huge zone. Based on the quantitative analysis of the existing situation of the Yangtze River Delta's land resources, particularly cultivated land resources, by remote sensing and GIS method, this paper was prepared based on 15 years(1985～2000)of monitoring data with Xishan city in Jiangsu province as a typical case. According to in-depth analyses of the quantity of land resources, characters of their distribution and the rule of their dynamic changes, this paper displays and reconstructs the spatial and temporal course of land resources in this area, and clarifies that these dynamic changes of the area are strongly influenced by human activities and the main factors exerting dominant effects on them are policies, economic development and population growth. Combined with the structural characters of land resources in this area and the analysis of their development trends, the author considers that in a long period of time, there will be an inevitable decrease in this area's cultivated land. Cultivated land not only has its economic value, but also ecological and social benefits.The loss of the ecological and social benefits after cultivated land's conversion should be necessarily included in the cost of cultivated land use. Only having done this can we restrain the trend of occupying cultivated land from economy, solve the low-efficiency problem in cultivated land use ultimately and establish the rule of cultivated land protection by market method.

This paper is focused on the discussion of digital earth from the point of view of social development. The authors pointed out that digital earth is an extension of human activities in network space, reflecting the social development with the advancement of information technology. We should understand digital earth from different points of view, not only limited in spatial information technology.

The development of the technology in network and distributed computing makes the information system turning to the enterprise application from the desktop. Large numbers of users, huge datum, flexible business procedure and high request of extensibility and security have been the features of enterprise application, and all these features make the design of system architecture become the critical of success of a system building. This paper introduces the development of system architecture, the virtue of the system architecture based on 3tiered and the necessity of building data object. After analyzing the particularity of GIS data source, we give an approach and the principle of building data objects to fit for the requests of enterprise GIS.

Synthesis Processing of Multi-source Geo-information includes two methods: integration and overlay processing. Multi-source Geo-information includes geological, geographic, geophysical, geochemical, remotely sensed information and so on. In the paper, based on geographic information system(GIS), the relationship of the geophysical and remotely sensed information was first discussed. And they were integrated and overlaid processed.

The paper mainly discusses the particalarity soil and badness geogical in TongXin GuYuan highway of NingXia in term of the principle of the Remote Sensing,indicate it'sendanger for particalarity soil and badness geogical.

This paper study on the method of the evaluation of land resource suitability supported by GIS, including selection of evaluation object, determination of classification system of the evaluation, selection of the evaluation factors, determination of target gradation and its fraction value (index) and weighed average value to the evaluation factors, and so on. Based on the evaluation of land resource suitability In Jianan district of Fuzhou, some suggestions on the rational exploitation and utilization of land resource are put forward.

Based on lots of materials and former research, this paper discusses classification and mapping course of landscape ecology inner and outside at present, typing of landscape ecology needs to link regional actuality, and classifies grade by grade; states familiar mapping course from image of remote sensing, takes the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains as an example, using ETM image, gets landscape types map of LUCC.

This paper discusses the necessity of data revision of Digital Town. The main types of data revision and application technical ways are brought up. It is pointed out that attention must be paid to information maintenance, operation and data revision. Finally the author focuses on integrated low altitude platform by Beijing Keyuan Dadi Center of Remote Sensing including light aircraft,remotly controlled small aircraft, airship and fire ballon will be acted on geographic data revision of Digital Town.