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  • 1999 Volume 1 Issue 1
    Published: 25 June 1999
      

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    ARTICLES
  • ARTICLES
    LIN Mei-E
    1999, 1(1): 4-11.
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    Channel cutoff of the lower reaches of the Yellow River constitutes one of the greatest environmental problems in China. Based on field investigations of the Yellow River and its deltaic region carried out since 1983, the author, proceeded from the examination of the causes for channel bed drying up, puts forward various comprehensive measures for mitigating and coping with the very problem of the river.
  • ARTICLES
    CHEN Shun-Qing
    1999, 1(1): 12-18.
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    This paper approaches the topic in 4 steps. The first study concerns the forces of urban growth and the interaction theory of centripetal force, centrifugal force, and friction force. Supported by the new institutional economics, the centripetal force, centrifugal force , and friction force have had a solid fundament in microeconomics. The interaction of the three forces which impel urban growth has been demonstrated through the evolution of labor division, the firm clustering and industrial syntheses forming, and incubator process.The second one focuses on the theory of urban growth. The three stages of urban growth consist of the clustering stage, which is mainly driven by centripetal force, the suburbanization stage driven by centrifugal force, and the networking stage by the interaction of the three forces. According to the three stages of urban growth, urban structure and urban form of the Western developed countries in macroscale (interurban geography) and microscale (intraurban geography) dimensions are discussed. Comprehensive analyses show that the three stages of urban growth and the corresponding changes of urban form are the commonness of every country in the course of market economy.The third one discusses the theory of urban land value and value increment. In this study, the land value is considered a summation of social use value, economic value, and ecology value. The land value increment is classified into invested increment and public increment. Public increment, especially when it is induced by land use externalities, is the bottleneck of increment analysis. The transaction cost economics is introduced to analyze the externalities of urban land use. The fourth one tries to develop a comprehensive theoretic framework of urban growth and, land value increment. Starting with the classical model of urban growth and land value, a typical mode of land value increment of different stages of urban growth is explored. Finally, a six-phase urban growth and land value increment theory is deduced from the above studies.
  • ARTICLES
    YUE Tian-Xiang, ZHOU Cheng-Hu, LI Zhen-Qing, NI Jian
    1999, 1(1): 19-25.
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    This paper summarizes 27 models published since 1949 for biological diversity, and criticisms of most of the models from many specialists. The causes why most of the models could not be successfully applied in practice are analyzed, taking the Shannon model as an example, and the theoretical complete ness and availability of the comprehensive models are proved, taking the model based on fractal geometry as an example. According to the case studies of 8 sampled areas in the zone of temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of the Northeast China Transect (NECT), limitations of Shannon model because of its requirement for a large number of samples and the applicability of the comprehensive model based on fractal dimension are compared and discussed.
  • ARTICLES
    LI Xiang, LI Man-Chun
    1999, 1(1): 26-32.
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    GIS is a kind of spatial information management system with many kinds of data resource, such as graphics, image, attribute, etc. One of the current research foci in this field is how to establish an integrated database. In this paper, the limits of current mechanism of managing spatial database are analysed, and a new integrated spatial data model-object-oriented database model (OODM) is proposed. In light of the analysis of the actual meaning and advantages of this model, the technological trajectory and the practical method based on it are put forward. Then some actualizing methods are compared. At last two expectations of the application of object-oriented database technology in GIS are preferred.
  • ARTICLES
    SUN Xiao-Ji
    1999, 1(1): 33-35.
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    This paper elaborates the connotation of the national space infrastructure information (NSII) in combination with China's actual conditions, focusing on the position and role of national space dataset infrastructure (NSDI) in NSII construction. Based upon the discussions, a train of thought on seizing the opportunity to develop China's NSII is raised.
  • ARTICLES
    CUI Wei-Hong, LI Xiao-Juan
    1999, 1(1): 36-41.
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    Digital Earth" is a great scientific system which integrated science with technology and engineering. "Digital Earth" is composed of basic research, technology supporting and scientific engineering. The core and the aim of the "Digital Earth" is the scientific engineering. Based on the analysis of the current national conditions of the scientific engineering in China, some suggestions for developing scientific engineering of the "Digital Earth" are proposed.
  • ARTICLES
    LU Hua-Jun, LI Hui-Guo
    1999, 1(1): 42-49.
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    Proceeded from the Global Information Infrastructure (GII), Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) , Network Integration of Geo-spatial Data and Visualization of Scientific Computing, this paper expounded the building of the two kinds of different functional-construction-systems of Digital Earth, which are geared to the needs of the social public and the research of Geoscience; and also analyzed the relationship between Digital Earth and Geo-information Science in conjunction with the expounding of the theory, method and technology of Geo-information Science. The analytical result proved that the development of Geoscience in the 21st century would certainly be pushed forward through making the conjunction between the building of the construction system of Digital Earth and the research of Geo-information Science.
  • ARTICLES
    LIN Bing-Yao
    1999, 1(1): 50-51.
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    This paper mainly discusses the meaning and origin of the term "virtual city", and highlights the functions of a virtual city such as the examination and evaluation of urban planning schemes, virtualization of urban functions and evaluation of urban operations.
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    JIA Jian-Cheng, ZHOU Cheng-Hu, LIANG Yi
    1999, 1(1): 52-59.
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    In order to find out the feature patterns from multi-dimension space, the conventional approach is to separate feature space by assuming the distributed functions of all features in one time. But however, because of inter-overlapping among the sample sets and the confusion from the discrete points, it is often very difficult to acquire the subtle and procedural distribution structure, which can influence the precision and interpretability of the mining outcome. This article presents a new modal named Stepwise Optimization Making Modal (SOMM) which is used to dig out the tree-like hierarchical distribution structure from feature space based on the Genetic Algorithms Optimization Theory and the knowledge fused distribution functions. The SOMM based multi-spectral remote sensing classification approaches, including the hierarchical clustering modal and supervised hierarchical classification, are also presented. Finally, the case of practical application of remote sensing land covering classification in Hong Kong region is presented, then the procedure of SOMM and conventional MLC approaches are synthetically analyzed. Experimental results show that SOMM approach has more advantages in procedural prediction, subtle structure, classification precision, and area knowledge fusion, etc.
  • ARTICLES
    TONG Qiang-Xi, TANG Chuan, LI Hui-Guo
    1999, 1(1): 67-75.
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    The experiment of Teng-Chong aerial remote sensing was a well-organized technological cooperation of remote sensing unprecedented in the history of China. It inaugurated the precedent of technical integration and scientific innovation; at the same time, it was also a typical example of high technical cooperation between research institutes and local governments. The experiment was the milestone in the history of remote sensing development.
  • ARTICLES
    ZHOU Cheng-Hu, LIN Hui
    1999, 1(1): 76-78.
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    Hong Kong has its unique position as one of the important trade centers in the world. Complex physical environment and high-degree urbanization has raised high demands on the satellite remote sensing. This paper used the Landsat TM, SPOT, IRS-1 and COSMOS data to interpret vegetation types and their spatial distribution as well as landuse and its spatial variation. Hong Kong's present vegetation is a result of prolonged human impact. Forest still is the potential natural vegetation, and grassland, shrubland and woodland are extensively distributed. As to land use there exists a big spatial stage and are covered with forest and grass. The Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula are highly urbanized and covered with high buildings and roads.