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  • 1999 Volume 1 Issue 2
    Published: 25 December 1999
      
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    ARTICLES
  • ARTICLES
    Resources and Environment of the World in 21st Century
    ZHANG Jing-Hu
    1999, 1(2): 1-6.
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    In the 20th century, world population grows from 1. 5 billion to 6 billion along with even faster economic growth which has gone up by four times from 1950 to present. The world population increases at a rate of over 80 million per year, which will reach 9 billion in 2050. But as to whether world economy can be sustainably developed to improve or maintain the present living standard still needs to be studied. The decrease and increase of resources and environmental evolution are two major decisive topics.
  • ARTICLES
    Chaotic Characteristics of the Flood Seriesin Huaihe River Basin
    ZHOU Yin-Kang, BAO Gao-Sheng, ZHANG Cha
    1999, 1(2): 7-11.
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    Flood, as a kind of natural disaster, occurs frequently and seriously. Huaihe River Basin, inflenced by monsoon climate and its special landscape, generates flood easily. Flood is one of the most important factors impacting on social stability and economic development in the Basin.Following the forgoing work about the fractal features and strange attractor dimension of the flood series in Huaihe River Basin, this paper analyses the chaotic evolution of the flood series with Lyaponov exponents. Lyaponov exponents reflect the divergence or convergence of a dynamic system evolution nearby trajectories in phase-space reconstruction. So, if the system is chaotic, one Lyaponov exponent must be positive. If the system is dissipative, the sum of all Lyaponov exponents should be less than zero. The research shows that the system of the flood series in Huaihe River Basin is a chaotic system. It follows the endlessly diverge and converge chaotic evolution process. Furthermore, the chaotic system. of the flood series in Huaihe River Basin has dissipative structure from the value and trend of Lyaponov exponents.
  • ARTICLES
    Human Residential Environment Project in Zhongguancun High-Tech Park
    CHEN Shu-Bang
    1999, 1(2): 12-16.
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    According to the State Council ratified construct ion planning of Zhongguancun Heig-Tech Park, it will be turned into the world first class high-tech park area in around TO years' time. The aim of it is to convert the rich intellectual resources into powful productivity through industrialization of scientific and technological achievements and knowledge innovation. The State and Beijing Municipal governments place high hopes on Zhongguancun in playing important roles in enterprise structural readjustment, social and economic development of Beijing, and in setting an example in reinforcing China's innovative capacity, in implementing the strategy of prospecting China through science and technology and in developing high and new technology industries. At same time, it is hoped that Zhongguancun can play a leading role to and exert profound influence on how to seek for an image of modern city but maintain its creativeness of China's unique characters for the construction and planning of the 53 science and technology parks throughout the country.
  • ARTICLES
    Development in Theory and Application of Geographic Information System at Turn of the 21st Century
    FU Su-Xing
    1999, 1(2): 17-23.
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    This paper highlights the application and development of geographic information system in the past more than thirty years, briefs the progress in GIS software technique, introduces the deepening of the geo-information mechanisms, self-organization, self-correlation theory and temporal-spatial thematic high dimensional data model as well as studies on comprehensive integrated, technical system centered around GIS at the turn of the 21st century.It also discusses information times and network world in the new century and points out in the rapid development of high &' new technologies such as "information expressway" , digital earth" , in-depth study and application of GIS should be included into the State information technology development planning, make GIS offer deepening and all-directional service to the national sustainable development and global change studies.
  • ARTICLES
    The Establishment and Application of Urban Underground Pipeline Information System
    GOU Fu-Bang, CHEN Shun-Qing
    1999, 1(2): 24-31.
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    On the basis of the experience of developing Guangzhou Urban Pipelines Information System (GUPIS),the authors put forward a set of theories and methods about establishing a comprehensive underground pipeline information system of large cities in China. In their implement schema, three elements including data source, standard quality check and real-time data updating are emphasized. A system model, as the authors will discuss, has been well practiced in establishing a comprehensive pipe and cable information system with Spatial Decision Support function and comprehensive analysis capability supported by Expert System.This system is established by combining overall surveying and mapping with supervision and database building, combining overall general survey with completion survey and combining planning approval with current information. This model has been proved to be suitable for developing comprehensive urban underground pipeline information system in large cities of developing countries where there are incomplete and imprecise pipeline data.
  • ARTICLES
    Spatial Complexity Analysis and a Geographical Model Based on Cellular Automata (GEOCA)
    SUN Zhan-Li
    1999, 1(2): 32-37.
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    The geographic phenomena, including global change, urban growth, land-use change etc. have been recognized as complex system. Considering the weakness of the traditional model based on the Newton mechanical model and differential equation, a new approach of applying the nonlinear methods, particularly cellular automata, has become the frontier field of geographical research. Here we bring forth a theory related to geographical model based on cellular automata (GeoCA) and try to simulate the complex geographical behavior dynamically. The advantages and the framework of the GeoCA model are described. Lastly, the growth of Ann Arbor, a city of Michigan in USA, which is witnessing dramatical growth recently, is simulated and forecasted using GeoCA model integrated with geographical information system.
  • ARTICLES
    A Bright Future of Virtual Reality
    XIE Chuan-Jie
    1999, 1(2): 38-42.
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    Currently, virtual reality technology has become one of the focus points for researches in the information science. In this paper, the virtual reality technology is expatiated. Based on this expatiation, the ways and approaches by which the virtual reality and geographic information system technology use together to resolve problems are discussed. Moreover, the integration of the virtual reality and geographic information system is partitioned into three phases. The superiority of the virtual reality as the means by which man interchanges with information space. This paper points out particularly that the virtual reality will play important roles in the development of the "Digital Earth" and the information "tupu" . Finally, some domains of the Geo-science in which the virtual reality technology can play important roles are set forth.
  • ARTICLES
    The Application of Geographical Information System in the Site Planning of a Refuse incinerator Facility According to the Law of Environmental Impact Assessment in the State of Sachsen-Anhalt in Germany
    LI Jian-Xin, Carmen Kittelberger, Frithjof Voss
    1999, 1(2): 43-56.
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    Magdeburg, the capital city of the state of Sachsen-Anhalt in Germany, is planning to build a refuse incinerator facility in it's two counties in the North, which have a total area of 4880 km2. The site planning of the refuse incinerator facility will be carried out according to the Law of Environmental Impact Assessment in Germany. The ideal site for the refuse incinerator facility should be a "blank space" where as few environmental factors as possible exist, or in other words, where the landuse intensity is lower than its surroundings; another condition of the site planning is that the distance from the site to the main transportation line should be less than 5km. Since the intensive landuse in the planning area is very complicated, during the site planning, not all environmental factors can be taken into account but only by visual map interpretation and field research work. For example, there are problems with different map scales and too many information layers, therefore the Geographical Information System (PC ARC/INFO) is applied to help finding the "blank space". Through computer mapping and comparative studies of different digital maps, six potential "sites" are identified. The digital thematic maps of the six potential "sites" are complied and one of them is shown here.
  • ARTICLES
    China's Cartography Entering into the 21st Century
    LIAO Ke
    1999, 1(2): 46-51.
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    This paper gives a systematic generalization of the progress made in international cartographic studies, meanwhile focuses on China's cartographic achievements and development as well as perspectives of the 21st century of cartography.
  • ARTICLES
    Computer Visualization and 3D Display
    XIAO Le-Bin
    1999, 1(2): 52-56.
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    In this paper, some basic cases of 3D Visualization on Computer are discussed, including its basic concept, the development on traditional graphic interpretation, research noduses and hotspots, functions of those corresponding softwares, its trend and application perspectives.
  • ARTICLES
    The Recognition of Point Marks on Color Scanning Map
    JIA Jian-Cheng, ZHOU Cheng-Hu, DIAO Qian-Jun, MO Qiang
    1999, 1(2): 57-62.
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    The paper mainly outlines the recognition method of point marks in color scanning maps and its implemented conception of software model and frame. The method is based on the theory of pattern recognition. On color scanning map, the main features of point marks include color, shape and size. Before mark recognition, the mark pattern base, in which the most important features of patterns are predefined, should be created. The main flux of recognition is described as below:firstly, pixel by pixel and line by line, the color of pixels on maps is matched to the colors of patterns in the pattern base, the objects marked on maps are divided from background. Then, after the edge lines of an object are traced and extracted, the shapes and sizes of the objects, which are the other features of the marks, can be calculated. In the end, these features of the objects are matched to the predefined features of the patterns in the base. If the main features of an object are nearly of alike in a range to those of the patterns in base, this object can be classified into this class of the pattern. Finally, the paper uses the application system of Electricity Information Intensity Mark Recognition as a case to profound the designing and developing method of Mark Recognition on practical case.
  • ARTICLES
    Cloud and Mist Screen Over Bohai and East China Seas and Its Validity Research for Remotely Sensing Ocean Information
    LIU Bao-Yin
    1999, 1(2): 63-67.
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    This paper expounds the screened role of cloud and mist over Bohai and East China seas which has reduced the visibility over the above seas. Even if a middle and small scale oceanic information that has been monitored by the NOAA satellites for many years, a little probability has been indicated regardless of spatial or temporal resolution being able to completely acquire the remotely sensing "skylight" information. The author has established the analytic model for information requirement system combined cloud and mist over Bohai and East China seas and their regional characteristics of ocean with the multiband and multitemporal properties of NOAA satellite data and showed that the "skylight" information of remote sensing of the Bohai and East China seas is arranged in the order of probability. Besides, the scientific basis for selecting the best time and its necessity has been treated.
  • ARTICLES
    Interpretation of Headwaiers of Lancangjiang (Mekong) River by 3S Integration Technique
    LIU Shao-Chuang
    1999, 1(2): 68-70.
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    A comprehensive survey and analysis of the headwaters of the Lancangjiang River was carried out by using RS, GIS and GPS integration techniquee, and Zha'aqu River was identified as the source of the Lancangjiang by means of interpretation.
  • ARTICLES
    Technique of Remote Sensing for Landslide and Debris Flows for the New Century
    WANG Chi-Hua
    1999, 1(2): 71-74.
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    This paper reviews the achievements, characteristics of methodology and techniques as well as existing problems in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows in the past 20 years in China; points out the urgency in improving methods and techniques in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows and propects new technology in remote sensing survey of landslides and debris flows.
  • ARTICLES
    Quantitative Research Methods of Spatial Heterogeneity
    YUE Tian-Xiang
    1999, 1(2): 75-79.
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    Spatial heterogeneity is the kernel of quantitative studies of landscape ecology. The quantitative research methods include comprehensive landscape mapping, mathematical models and Geo-informatic Tupu. This paper summarizes contents and indexes of the comprehensive landscape mapping, points out the issues needed to be further studied and emphasized in mathematical models, and believes that the Geo-informatic Tupu is the most comprehensive method for quantitative study of spatial heterogeneity. The Geo-informatic Tupu synthesizes the succinctness of comprehensive landscape mapping and the abstractness of mathematical models. The Geo-informatic Tupu is an outcome of the Chinese traditional research achievements combining with relative modern technologies. Its development process can be divided into three stages that are experiment on landscape mapping, proposition of Tupu concept, and formation of Geo-informatic Tupu Theory. It can be used, by applying a series of multi-dimensional graphic solutions and constructing spatial models, to formulate the current situation, to reconstruct the past and to forecast the future of landscape spatial heterogeneity.
  • ARTICLES
    Facing the Challenge of Digital Earth
    ZHANG An-Ding, JI Qing-Wen
    1999, 1(2): 80-84.
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    Based on the description of the background of Digital Earth (DE), this paper analyzes three questions about DE, i. e. , the scientific essences of DE, the development opportunites DE bringing about to Earth Sciences, and our strategies on it. The author's ideas are as follows:1) DE is the compound products of national interests and modern science & technology; 2) the essences of DE can be generalized into three levels, i. e.macro strategic level, technical realization level, and application level; 3) as a kind of strategy, DE can not replace relevant disciplines & technologies, and the current science & technology can not satisfy the need of DE; 4) the rising of DE brings about good opportunities to the Earth Sciences, and will greatly deepen our knowledge on the Earth's totality, on the digital simulation of the Earth, and on the research of the tremendous complex system of the Earth; 5) facing the challenges of DE, our strategies are that on one hand we should draw the ideas of DE, on the other hand, we must continue to develop relevant disciplines and technologies, and make self creation & innovation of knowledge & technologies, so as to occupy the control points of DE with construction of Digital China or Chinese Digital Earth.
  • ARTICLES
    Geomatics and Digital Earth
    WANG Rang-Hui, ZHANG Hui-Zhi
    1999, 1(2): 85-88.
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    This paper describes the concept and characteristics of geomatics, and emphasizes that Digital Earth is not only the reappearance of real Earth and the integration of abundant information, but also the developmental result of modern science & technology, and one of the conceptual models of resources sharing by human beings. Both geomatics and Digital Earth contain the contents of earth system. Moreover, they are based on the RS, GIS, GPS and related technologies. Many problems are put out in knowledge economic times. In order to ensure the implementation of global sustainable development strategy, human beings should study a series of resources and environment problems.